Dominios de Dedekind, factorización de ideales y aplicaciones

In order to study some number theoretical problems, algebraic number fields and their ring of integers have being introduced. In this dissertation rings of integers and their arithmetic properties will be studied. Since they don’t have unique factorization, in the second chapter ideals will be used to generalize it as unique factorization of ideals. This will be proved in the more general case of Dedekind domains. Afterwards, it will be given a measure of “how far” they are from being principal ideal domains called the class number. Since the moment all those concepts are introduced, the objective of this dissertation will be to give a formula which relates the class number with the zeta functions. In order to do this, in chapter 3, it will be proved Minkowski theorem which will be used to find a bound to the discriminant (an invariant of the number fields) and in chapter 4 it will be proved the Dirichlet’s unit theorem which gives the structure of the group of units in the ring of integers. Finally, in chapter 5 we get the formula.Para estudiar algunos problemas de teoría de números, se han introducido los cuerpos de números algebraicos y sus anillos de enteros. En esta memoria se estudiarán los anillos de enteros y sus propiedades aritméticas. Como estos no tienen necesariamente factorización única, en el segundo capítulo se usarán los ideales para generalizarlo como factorización única de ideales. Se probará en el caso más general de dominios de Dedekind. Después, se dará una medida de “cómo de lejos” están de ser dominio de ideales principales llamada número de clases. Desde el momento en el que todos estos conceptos se han introducido, el objetivo de la memoria será el de dar una fórmula que relacione el número de clases con las funciones zeta. Para hacer esto, en el capítulo 3, se probará el teorema de Minkowski que será usado para encontrar una cota del discriminante (un invariante de los cuerpos de números) y en el capítulo 4, se probará el teorema de Dirichlet que da la estructura del grupo de unidades en el anillo de enteros. Finalmente, en el capítulo 5 obtendremos la fórumla.Universidad de Sevilla. Grado en Matemática

Determining the size of the proton

A measurement of the Lamb shift of 49,881.88(76) GHz in muonic hydrogen in conjunction with theoretical estimates of the proton structure effects was recently used to deduce an accurate but rather small radius of the proton. Such an important shift in the understanding of fundamental values needs reconfirmation. Using a different approach with electromagnetic form factors of the proton, we obtain a new expression for the transition energy, $\Delta = E_{2P_{{3}/{2}}}^{f=2} - E_{2S_{{1}/{2}}}^{f=1}$, in muonic hydrogen and deduce a proton radius, $r_p = 0.831$ fm.Comment: 20 pages LaTe

MATT: Multimodal Attention Level Estimation for e-learning Platforms

This work presents a new multimodal system for remote attention level estimation based on multimodal face analysis. Our multimodal approach uses different parameters and signals obtained from the behavior and physiological processes that have been related to modeling cognitive load such as faces gestures (e.g., blink rate, facial actions units) and user actions (e.g., head pose, distance to the camera). The multimodal system uses the following modules based on Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs): Eye blink detection, head pose estimation, facial landmark detection, and facial expression features. First, we individually evaluate the proposed modules in the task of estimating the student's attention level captured during online e-learning sessions. For that we trained binary classifiers (high or low attention) based on Support Vector Machines (SVM) for each module. Secondly, we find out to what extent multimodal score level fusion improves the attention level estimation. The mEBAL database is used in the experimental framework, a public multi-modal database for attention level estimation obtained in an e-learning environment that contains data from 38 users while conducting several e-learning tasks of variable difficulty (creating changes in student cognitive loads).Comment: Preprint of the paper presented to the Workshop on Artificial Intelligence for Education (AI4EDU) of AAAI 202

‘No Income, Temporary Visa, and Too Many Triggers’: Barriers in accommodating survivors of human trafficking and slavery in Australia

Access to stable housing has a significant effect on the wellbeing of survivors of human trafficking and modern slavery. Safe and sustainable accommodation provides a crucial foundation for survivors beginning their recovery; however, it is often very difficult to source for support services assisting them. This paper presents the findings of research that analysed the eligibility, suitability, availability, and accessibility of short-term accommodation and long-term housing options to better understand the barriers to accommodating survivors in Australia. It demonstrates that survivors were not eligible for many options due to their immigration status or lack of income. Within the limited options, there is a shortage of suitable accommodation due to the absence of survivor-specific services, and due to rules and requirements imposed by accommodation providers that are not supportive of survivors’ unique needs. These include restrictions on survivors’ freedom of movement, on the use of alcohol and other drugs, and on accommodating men, children, and extended family, as well as requirements related to engaging in activities. These barriers negatively impact survivors’ recovery and may lead to homelessness whilst increasing the risk of re-trafficking or other harm. Collaboration and coordination between actors within anti-slavery and housing policy spheres is urgently required to mitigate these barriers and prevent such harms

Diagnosis of mycobacteria in bovine milk: an overview

Tuberculosis remains as the world’s biggest threat. In 2014, human tuberculosis ranked as a major infectious disease by the first time, overcoming HIV death rates. Bovine tuberculosis is a chronic disease of global distribution that affects animals and can be transmitted to humans by the consumption of raw milk, representing a serious public health concern. Despite the efforts of different countries to control and eradicate bovine tuberculosis, the high negative economic impact on meat and milk production chains remains, given the decreased production efficiency (approximately 25%), the high number of condemned carcasses, and increased animal culling rates. This scenario has motivated the establishment of official programs based on regulations and diagnostic procedures. Although Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium bovis are the major pathogenic species to humans and bovines, respectively, nontuberculous mycobacteria within the Mycobacterium genus have become increasingly important in recent decades due to human infections, including the ones that occur in immunocompetent people. Diagnosis of mycobacteria can be performed by microbiological culture from tissue samples (lymph nodes, lungs) and secretions (sputum, milk). In general, these pathogens demand special nutrient requirements for isolation/growth, and the use of selective and rich culture media. Indeed, within these genera, mycobacteria are classified as either fast- or slow-growth microorganisms. Regarding the latter ones, incubation times can vary from 45 to 90 days. Although microbiological culture is still considered the gold standard method for diagnosis, molecular approaches have been increasingly used. We describe here an overview of the diagnosis of Mycobacterium species in bovine milk

Práticas de Translinguagem com estudantes multilíngues em uma escola de fronteira

This article explores the theoretical and pedagogical potential of translanguaging in  complex sociolinguistic educational contexts, such as cross-border schools. To guide our discussion, we draw upon preliminary data from the university extension "Towards a Multilingual Ecology in Cross-border schools", whose objective is to establish safe spaces where students can fully leverage their multilingual repertoires for learning, with the goal of enhancing the educational outcomes of these students. The article highlights moments of the actions developed in the project, which are grounded in translanguaging as a practical theory of language in line with the propositions of Li Wei, Ofelia Garcia, and Suresh Canagarajah. The scenes discussed illustrate how translanguaging can serve as an effective didactic and pedagogical resource within multilingual educational contexts.  Discute-se o potencial teórico e pedagógico da translinguagem em contextos educacionais reconhecidos como sociolinguisticamente complexos, como é o caso de escolas localizadas em regiões de fronteira. Para tanto, apresenta-se a análise de dados do projeto de extensão “Por uma ecologia multilíngue nas escolas de fronteira”, cujo objetivo foi criar espaços para práticas linguageiras seguros nos quais alunos imigrantes façam uso completo de seu repertório multilíngue para fins de aprendizado. O artigo expõe momentos de ações desenvolvidas no projeto, que se fundamentam na translinguagem como uma teoria prática da linguagem em consonância com as proposições de Li Wei, Ofélia Garcia e Suresh Canagarajah. As cenas aqui discutidas mostram como este tipo de atividade linguística, didática e pedagógica pode ser um recurso eficaz para contextos educacionais multilinguísticos

Experimental Study based on the Implementation of a Regulatory Framework for the Improvement of Cyber Resilience in SMEs

Currently, applying regulations oriented to cybersecurity, cyber resilience is relevant to face the high rates of cyberattacks, which have caused an interruption in the operational processes of organizations, generating an economic loss, and affecting the continuity of their business processes on the web. In this scenario, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are the most affected due to their weak technological infrastructure. Given this, this experimental study was developed to implement a regulatory framework for the improvement of cyber resilience; the criteria anticipate, resist, recover and evolve presented significant statistical values of improvement after the application of the experiment. This research contributes to counteract the refusal to use information technologies for business development; Improvement actions were carried out to face threats and computer vulnerabilities to which organizations are exposed when carrying out operations in cyberspace

Efectos de la administración crónica de alcohol sobre la conducta motora y su relación con el sistema colinérgico muscarinico en ratas Sprague Dawley bajo estrés discontinuos

El alcohol y el estrés son problemas de salud pública que afectan el Receptor Colinérgico Muscarínico (RCM). En el presente trabajo se estudia el efecto de ambos fenómenos sobre la funcionalidad y densidad del RCM. Métodos: 43 ratas Sprague Dawley se dividieron en 4 grupos: Control (n=12), Estrés (n=11), Alcohol (n=10) y Alcohol-Estrés (n=10). A los grupos alcohol se le administró diariamente etanol al 10 % ad libitum y los grupos Estrés se sometieron a nado forzado a 5°C por 5 min tres veces/semana. Resultados:las ratas tratadas con alcohol presentaron adicción e hipermotilidad, siendo el efecto mayor en el grupo alcohol-estrés. Escopolamina incremento la motilidad en todos los grupos. No hubo diferencias significativas entre los grupos en el desempeño en el Rotarod. La densidad de los RCM estuvo disminuida significativamente en Hipocampo en el grupo alcohol. Conclusión: el alcohol induce trastornos del RCM relacionados a hipermotilidad.Alcohol consumption and stress are health problems, which affects the Cholinergic Muscarinic Receptor (CMR) system. Here we studied the effect of both phenomena on CMR functionality and densities. Methods: 43 Sprague Dawley rats were divided in 4 groups: Control (n=11), Stress (n=10), Alcohol (n=10) and Alcohol-Stress (n=9). Alcohol groups received 10% ethanol ad libitum in substitution of water every day, stress groups were submitted 3 days at week to 5 min force swimming at 5°C. Results: rats that had alcohol displayedaddiction and hypermotility, the effect was higher at alcohol-stress group. Scopolamine significantly increased motility in all groups. No differences were observed at Rotarod performance. CMR density was decreased in hippocampus of rats belonging to alcohol group. Conclusion: alcohol induces motor disturbances related to CMR system

Araneofauna De La Reserva Forestal Protectora Serranía De Coraza. Sucre-Colombia

Araneofauna is recorded in a locality in the Forest Reserve Protective Coraza, in the Montes de María, Sucre, corresponding to a tropical dry forest. For this, there were ten visits in day shifts, between the months of September and December 2010, 10 points were established in random sampling. In each of these to capture direct employment by manual collection, review of litter, shrub foliage stirring and pitfall traps. We collected 1067 individuals grouped in 229 morphospecies, belonging to 30 families. The most abundant families were Araneidae, Salticidae,Theridiidae and Lycosidae. The Colosó forest has a high representation of spider’s family with 49% of those reported for Colombia, which determines its importance in wildlife conservation programs for the region, as it should be influencing the regulation of insect populations and other arthropods in the area.Se registra la araneofauna en una localidad de la Reserva Forestal Protectora Serranía de Coraza, en los Montes de María, Sucre, correspondiente a un bosque seco tropical. Para ello, se realizaron diez salidas de campo en jornadas diurnas, entre los meses de septiembre y diciembre del 2010, se establecieron 10 puntos de muestreo en forma aleatoria. En cada uno de estos se empleó la captura directa mediante colecta manual, revisión de hojarasca, agitación de follaje arbustivo y trampas de caída. Fueron colectados 1067 individuos agrupados en 229 morfoespecies, pertenecientes a 30 familias. Las familias más abundantes fueron Araneidae, Salticidae, Theridiidae y Lycosidae. El bosque de Colosó tiene una alta representatividad de familias de arañas con el 49% de las reportadas para Colombia, lo cual determina su importancia en programas de conservación de fauna para la región, ya que deben estar influyendo en la regulación de poblaciones de insectos y otros artrópodos en la zona