Descripción y estudio de los enlaces HVDC en los sistemas eléctricos.

El proyecto estudia los enlaces de alta tensión en corriente continua (High Voltage Direct Current, HVDC). Dichos enlaces son utilizados para optimizar la distribución de energía eléctrica desde las fuentes de energía hasta los centros de consumo, sustituyendo las líneas de corriente alterna tradicionales. En el proyecto, se realizará un estudio y descripción de los enlaces HVDC para determinar sus características principales, aplicaciones presentes y ventajas e inconvenientes de estos enlaces. A partir del estudio anterior, se localizarán los enlaces HVDC existentes en la actualidad y se realizará una búsqueda y recopilación de información sobre los mismos con el objeto de elaborar una base de datos. Por último, se aprovechará la base de datos desarrollada para proponer algunos estudios sobre las problemáticas habituales en estos nuevos sistemas de transmisión de energía eléctrica

La influencia del femvertising en la decisión de compra en las mujeres modernas trujillanas, 2020: caso Dove

La presente tesis busca conocer el nivel de influencia de la publicidad femvertising en la decisión de compra de productos de la marca Dove en las mujeres modernas trujillanas de 25 a 35 años, que pertenecen a los sectores A y B. Para ello, la investigación se ha estructurado en cuatro capítulos. El primer capítulo desarrolla el marco teórico en el que surge este tipo de publicidad y su repercusión en la decisión de compra en dichas mujeres. También se analizan estudios teóricos y empíricos sobre los puntos más importantes de la temática planteada. Por otro lado, se detalla sobre el concepto femvertising, el contexto en el que surge, sus enfoques, efectos, y los pilares que permiten identificar dicha estrategia de publicidad. Así como también, los factores internos y externos que influyen en el proceso de decisión de compra. El segundo capítulo, presenta los instrumentos aplicados a mujeres modernas trujillanas, el capítulo tres muestra los resultados obtenidos en dicha investigación. Finalmente, el capítulo cuatro, muestra la discusión y conclusiones obtenidas en la investigación. De ese modo, se confirmó que la publicidad femvertising influye significativamente de forma adecuada en la decisión de compra de las consumidoras, logrando generar reacciones positivas en las mujeres modernas trujillanas, pues demuestran estar receptivas a nuevas experiencias visuales y conceptuales en la publicidad.This thesis seeks to find out the level of influence of femvertising advertising on the decision to buy Dove brand products in modern women from trujillanas from 25 to 35 years old, who belong to sectors A and B. For this, the research has been structured in four chapters. The first chapter develops the theoretical framework in which this type of advertising arises and its impact on the purchase decision in these women. Theoretical and empirical studies on the most important points of the topic raised are also analyzed. On the other hand, it details the concept of femvertising, the context in which it arises, its approaches, effects, and the pillars that allow identifying this advertising strategy. As well as internal and external factors that influence the purchase decision process. The second chapter presents the instruments applied to modern women from Trujillo, Chapter three shows the results obtained in said research. Finally, chapter four shows the discussion and conclusions obtained in the research. In this way, it was confirmed that femvertising advertising influences consumers' purchasing decision in an appropriate way, managing to generate positive reactions in modern women from Trujillo, as they show that they are receptive to new visual and conceptual experiences in advertising

Neuromarketing : Importancia de las herramientas del neuromarketing aplicado al comportamiento del consumidor

El presente informe de investigación documental de seminario de graduación con tema neuromarketing y subtema importancia de las herramientas del neuromarketing aplicadas al comportamiento del consumidor. El objetivo general del trabajo de seminario es analizar la importancia de las herramientas del neuromarketing aplicadas en el comportamiento del consumidor perteneciente al campo de las neurociencias. Uno de las principales cualidades del neuromarketing es poder predecir el comportamiento de la gente ante determinados estímulos y así poder tomar mejores decisiones sobre dichos estímulos, como canales de persuasión. Es por ello que las herramientas que se usan en estudios de neuromarketing nos abren la puerta para entender de mejor forma los niveles de emoción, atención y memoria de los usuarios de forma consciente o inconsciente, y gracias a los resultados se logran campañas de publicidad y ventas exitosas en las compañías. La metodología utilizada en este estudio fue la investigación documental de la cual se consultó a los autores de los libros más importantes sobre neuromarketing y mercadotecnia entre ellos sobresalen: Philip Kotler, Néstor Braidot, Jurguen Klaric y Roberto Álvarez del Blanco; así mismo se utilizó la sexta edición de las normas apa para la estructuración del documento

Rectus Femoris Muscle and Phase Angle as Prognostic Factor for 12-Month Mortality in a Longitudinal Cohort of Patients with Cancer (AnyVida Trial)

Background: Cancer-related malnutrition is still unrecognized and undertreated in clinical practice. The morphofunctional assessment of disease-related malnutrition (DRM) is a new approach that focuses on evaluating changes in body composition and function. The aim of this study is to evaluate the prognostic value of classic and emerging assessment of malnutrition at 12-months survival in cancer patients. Methods. We conducted a prospective study on cancer outpatients. Bioelectrical impedance with phase angle (PhA), nutritional ultrasound by rectus femoris cross-sectional area (RFCSA), hand grip strength, and “Timed Up and Go Test” (TUG) were evaluated as predictors of mortality. Results. Fifty-seven patients were included. The non-survivors had lower PhA values than the survivors (4.7° vs. 5.4°; p < 0.001), and we had the same results with RFCSA 2.98 cm2/m2 vs. 4.27 cm2/m2 (p = 0.03). Cut-off points were identified using the ROC (receiver operating characteristic) curves for PhA (≤5.6° cancer patients, ≤5.9° men, ≤5.3° women), RFCSA (≤4.47 cm2/m2 cancer patients, ≤4.47° men, ≤2.73° women) and rectus femoris-Y-axis (RF-Y-axis; ≤1.3 cm cancer patients, ≤1.06 men, ≤1 women). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, we found that high PhA was significantly associated with a lower mortality hazard ratio (HR: 0.42 95% CI: 0.21–0.84, p = 0.014). Likewise, high RFCSA was associated with a decrease in mortality risk in the crude model (HR: 0.61 95% CI: 0.39–0.96, p = 0.031). This trend was also maintained in the adjusted models by the confounding variables. Conclusions. Low PhA and RFCSA values are significant independent predictors of mortality in cancer patients. These cut-off points are clinical data that can be used for nutritional assessment and the prediction of clinical outcomes.This study is part of a Ph.D. Program in Biomedicine, Translational Research, and New Health Technologies in the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Málaga in Spain. The Andalusian Public Foundation for Biomedical Research in Malaga (FIMABIS) covered the publication cost. This study was also supported by the Juan Rodés program from Instituto de Salud Carlos III (JR20-00040 to MM-V), the Juan de la Cierva program from the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (IJCI-2017-33065 to CG-R) and the Miguel Servet Type I program from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III cofounded by the Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (CP16/00163 to IM-I). In addition, this study was supported by the “Centros de Investigación Biomédica en Red” (CIBERobn) of the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) (CB06/03/0018), and research grants from the ISCIII (PI18/01160; PI21/01677) and co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF). Partial funding for open access charge: Universidad de Málag

Subclinical hypothyroidism in childhood, treatment or only follow-up?

Subclinical hypothyroidism (SH) is defined as serum levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) above the upper limit with normal concentrations of free T4 (fT4). Its management remains challenging. The aim of the study was to evaluate clinical and laboratory findings as well as the clinical course of children with SH followed in a third level hospital. Sixty-five patients aged between 2 and 18 years old were retrospectively studied. The patients were followed for a median period of 9 months (range 6 months to 24 months). Those who normalized TSH levels were discharged (Group 1). If TSH persisted mildly elevated (5-10μUI/mL) with normal fT4 and negative TPOAb/TgAb, they were classified as Group 2 and followed semi-annually without treatment. Those patients whose TSH raised ≥10μUI/mL or who maintained TSH 5-10μUI/mL and positive TPOAb/TgAb were considered suitable for thyroxin therapy (Group 3, G3). In 89% of our patients, TSH concentrations spontaneously reverted to normality or remained stable without treatment (Groups 1 and 2), whereas less than 11% progressed to clinical hypothyroidism (Group 3). Baseline TSH was significantly lower in group 1 than in group 3. In group 3 the prevalence of female sex (71%) was higher and TPO antibodies were present in 85% of patients. The risk of developing overt hypothyroidism in patients with positive anti-thyroid antibodies respect to those who normalized TSH was 45 (95%CI 6.5-312.5). Baseline TSH, female sex and the presence of thyroid autoimmunity were the best predictors of the evolution to SH over time

'The 3/3 strategy': a successful multifaceted hospital wide hand hygiene intervention based on WHO and continuous quality improvement methodology.

Background Only multifaceted hospital wide interventions have been successful in achieving sustained improvements in hand hygiene (HH) compliance. Methodology/Principal Findings Pre-post intervention study of HH performance at baseline (October 2007- December 2009) and during intervention, which included two phases. Phase 1 (2010) included multimodal WHO approach. Phase 2 (2011) added Continuous Quality Improvement (CQI) tools and was based on: a) Increase of alcohol hand rub (AHR) solution placement (from 0.57 dispensers/bed to 1.56); b) Increase in frequency of audits (three days every three weeks: "3/3 strategy"); c) Implementation of a standardized register form of HH corrective actions; d) Statistical Process Control (SPC) as time series analysis methodology through appropriate control charts. During the intervention period we performed 819 scheduled direct observation audits which provided data from 11,714 HH opportunities. The most remarkable findings were: a) significant improvements in HH compliance with respect to baseline (25% mean increase); b) sustained high level (82%) of HH compliance during intervention; c) significant increase in AHRs consumption over time; c) significant decrease in the rate of healthcare-acquired MRSA; d) small but significant improvements in HH compliance when comparing phase 2 to phase 1 [79.5% (95% CI: 78.2-80.7) vs 84.6% (95% CI:83.8-85.4), p<0.05]; e) successful use of control charts to identify significant negative and positive deviations (special causes) related to the HH compliance process over time ("positive": 90.1% as highest HH compliance coinciding with the "World hygiene day"; and "negative":73.7% as lowest HH compliance coinciding with a statutory lay-off proceeding). Conclusions/Significance CQI tools may be a key addition to WHO strategy to maintain a good HH performance over time. In addition, SPC has shown to be a powerful methodology to detect special causes in HH performance (positive and negative) and to help establishing adequate feedback to healthcare workers

Gut epithelial barrier markers in patients with obstructive sleep apnea

Background: obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is now being recognized as an additional contributing factor to the pathogenesis of obesity-related comorbidities. At the same time, there is now increasing evidence to suggest that intestinal wall permeability plays a role in the development of metabolic syndrome. In the present study, circulating zonulin and fatty acid binding protein (I-FABP) were measured in association with metabolic, hepatic, and inflammatory parameters. Results: compared with controls, plasma I-FABP levels were significantly higher in patients with OSA (571 pg/mL [IQR 290-950] vs 396 pg/mL [IQR 234-559], p = 0.04). Zonulin levels were similar between groups. Significant relationships were observed between zonulin levels and waist circumference (p < 0.05), glucose (p < 0.05), and insulin (p < 0.05). In addition, in the OSA group, zonulin levels correlated negatively with the mean nocturnal oxygenation saturation (p < 0.05) and positively with total cholesterol (p < 0.05), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (p < 0.005), aminotransferase (AST) (p < 0.01), gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT) (p < 0.005), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) (p < 0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that associations between zonulin and ALT, AST, and hs-CRP were attenuated, but not eliminated, after adjustment for other variables. Conclusions: the results of this study suggest that OSA is a risk factor for intestinal damage, regardless of metabolic profile, and that intestinal permeability might be a possible contributor to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in patients with OSA

Adaptation of the emerging pathogenic yeast Candida auris to high caspofungin concentrations correlates with cell wall changes

Candida auris has emerged as a fungal pathogen that causes nosocomial outbreaks worldwide. Diseases caused by this fungus are of concern, due to its reduced susceptibility to several antifungals. C. auris exhibits paradoxical growth (PG; defined as growth at high, but not intermediate antifungal concentrations) in the presence of caspofungin (CPF). We have characterized the cellular changes associated with adaptation to CPF. Using EUCAST AFST protocols, all C. auris isolates tested showed PG to CPF, although in some isolates it was more prominent. Most isolates also showed a trailing effect (TE) to micafungin and anidulafungin. We identified two FKS genes in C. auris that encode the echinocandins target, namely β-1,3-glucan synthase. FKS1 contained the consensus hot-spot (HS) 1 and HS2 sequences. FKS2 only contained the HS1 region which had a change (F635Y), that has been shown to confer resistance to echinocandins in C. glabrata. PG has been characterized in other species, mainly C. albicans, where high CPF concentrations induced an increase in chitin, cell volume and aggregation. In C. auris CPF only induced a slight accumulation of chitin, and none of the other phenomena. RNAseq experiments demonstrated that CPF induced the expression of genes encoding several GPI-anchored cell wall proteins, membrane proteins required for the stability of the cell wall, chitin synthase and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) involved in cell integrity, such as BCK2, HOG1 and MKC1 (SLT2). Our work highlights some of the processes induced in C. auris to adapt to echinocandins.This work was funded by grant SAF2017-86192-R from the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, OZ was also sponsored by Plan Nacional de I+D+i 2013-2016 and Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Subdirección General de Redes y Centros de Investigación Cooperativa, Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad, Spanish Network for Research in Infectious Diseases (REIPI RD16/CIII/0004/0003), co-financed by European Development Regional Fund ERDF “A way to achieve Europe”, Operative program Intelligent Growth 2014-2020 and by Red Española de Investigación en Patología Infecciosa (REIPI RD16/CIII/0004/0003).S