Peuples et territoires indigènesdans les romans de Milton Hatoum : une écriture de l’oubli

Parmi les productions littéraires contemporaines dont la diégèse repose sur la valorisation des contributions indigènes dans la construction d’une identité brésilienne, figurent les romans de Milton Hatoum Récit d’un certain Orient, Deux frères et Cendres d’Amazonie. Ces œuvres mettent en scène des représentants des populations indigènes — marginalisées, stigmatisées et désappropriées — qui luttent pour la sauvegarde de leurs valeurs, de leurs traditions et de leur territoire et posent la question de l’intégration des Indiens à une société qui les marginalise. Dans le présent article, notre propos sera d’indiquer de quelle manière les peuples et territoires indigènes sont représentés dans ces romans, de démontrer la place qu’occupent les Amérindiens sur ce vaste territoire amazonien et par là même de comprendre comment cette place permet de discuter les relations entre territoire, identité et mémoire.Dentre as produções literárias contemporâneas cuja trama trata da valorização das contribuições indígenas na construção de uma identidade brasileira, constam os romances de Milton Hatoum Relato de um certo Oriente, Doisirmãos e Cinzas do Norte. Estas obras colocam em cena representantes das populações indígenas — marginalizadas, estigmatizadas e desapropriadas — que lutam pela preservação de seus valores, de suas tradições e de seu território e questionam a integração dos Índios em uma sociedade que os marginaliza. No presente artigo, nosso propósito será de indicar a maneira com a qual os povos e territórios indígenas são representados nesses romances, de expôr o lugar que os Ameríndios ocupam nesse vasto território amazônico e assim compreender como este lugar permite discutir as relações entre território, identidade e memória

Predicting Ozone Peaks : A combined CBR and cell mapping approach

http://www.iemss.org/iemss2002/proceedings/pdf/volume%20tre/139_pearson.pdfInternational audienceIn this paper we present a new approach for predicting ozone peaks when monitoring atmospheric pollution. Our main idea is that atmospheric pollution is closely monitored and over the past 5 to 10 years we have built up fairly extensive databases concerning it. Thus, rather than looking for a physical model in the first instance, maybe we should look for patterns and repeatability in the historical data. The approach presented is a hybrid one based on case based reasoning and cell mapping. Essentially, we forget all about a model in the first instance and simply search historical data to see if we can construct cases. We then extend this idea to include notions from cell mapping to see if we can build a cell map from the cases. The method is applied to real data coming from the Rhône-Alpes region of France

Apresentação: literatura e ditadura

Presentation of the thematic section "Literature and dictatorship".Presentación de la sección temática "Literatura y dictadura".Apresentação da seção temática "Literatura e ditadura"

Coronary vein tracking from MSCT using a minimum cost path approach

International audienceIn this paper, we deal with the problem of tracking the coronary venous tree from Multi-Slice Computed Tomography (MSCT) angiography. Contrast inhomogeneities are a major issue. The proposed tracking procedure is based on minimum-cost path computation and makes use of `Fast-Marching' technique. The algorithm aims at propagating a front inside a vascular structure and extracting a centered path. To achieve this goal, a specific cost function which combines the vessel local orientation to a vesselness measure is designed. Experiments on synthetic data and real data have been performed. Coronary veins with contrast difficulties are extracted with a low computing time

Molecular responses of mouse macrophages to copper and copper oxide nanoparticles inferred from proteomic analyses

The molecular responses of macrophages to copper-based nanoparticles have been investigated via a combination of proteomic and biochemical approaches, using the RAW264.7 cell line as a model. Both metallic copper and copper oxide nanoparticles have been tested, with copper ion and zirconium oxide nanoparticles used as controls. Proteomic analysis highlighted changes in proteins implicated in oxidative stress responses (superoxide dismutases and peroxiredoxins), glutathione biosynthesis, the actomyosin cytoskeleton, and mitochondrial proteins (especially oxidative phosphorylation complex subunits). Validation studies employing functional analyses showed that the increases in glutathione biosynthesis and in mitochondrial complexes observed in the proteomic screen were critical to cell survival upon stress with copper-based nanoparticles; pharmacological inhibition of these two pathways enhanced cell vulnerability to copper-based nanoparticles, but not to copper ions. Furthermore, functional analyses using primary macrophages derived from bone marrow showed a decrease in reduced glutathione levels, a decrease in the mitochondrial transmembrane potential, and inhibition of phagocytosis and of lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide production. However, only a fraction of these effects could be obtained with copper ions. In conclusion, this study showed that macrophage functions are significantly altered by copper-based nanoparticles. Also highlighted are the cellular pathways modulated by cells for survival and the exemplified cross-toxicities that can occur between copper-based nanoparticles and pharmacological agents

Estudio de prefactibilidad para la instalación de una planta ensambladora de silla de ruedas eléctrica bimanual

En el presente trabajo se buscó determinar la factibilidad de implementar una planta de fabricación de sillas de ruedas eléctricas. Mediante el estudio de los métodos de elaboración de una silla de ruedas eléctrica se optó por utilizar un proceso simple en el cual se ensamblen las partes eléctricas a una silla de ruedas manual, siendo así la mayoría de las operaciones manuales, por lo cual no se requieren equipos complejos para su elaboración. Se realizó un análisis del sector mediante la segmentación del mercado, análisis de economías similares y la aplicación de encuestas dirigidas al público objetivo. Con lo cual se obtuvo una demanda estimada del proyecto al año 2026 de 2 866 unidades. La oferta actual se analizó y el competidor con mayor participación fue INNOVA INGENIERIA con 31,81% siendo el líder del mercado, seguido de IMPORTACIONES ADN SAC con 17,85% en el sector de sillas de ruedas eléctricas. Se determinaron las estrategias de comercialización, las cuales incluyen políticas de comercialización como imagen de cercanía con clientes, comunicación abierta, solicitud de quejas, etc.; distribución indirecta con un intermediario correspondiente a las tiendas ortopédicas; publicidad en todas las redes sociales; y finalmente, promociones con las tiendas para un mayor alcance con el público objetivo. Los precios fueron evaluados mediante su tendencia histórica y se determinó que el precio promedio se aproxima a los 3 500 soles. Se analizó factores de micro y macro localización que junto con la herramienta de ranking de factores determinaron la localización óptima de la planta, la cual resultó ser en el distrito de Callao en Lima Metropolitana. Se estableció el tamaño ideal de planta, las zonas fueron calculadas con el método guerchet, con las medidas establecidas se procedió a realizar un plano del proyecto que resultó de 1 065,24 m2. Mediante los análisis económicos y financieros se analizará la viabilidad del proyecto con los indicadores B/C, VAN, TIR y periodo de recuperación. Los resultados del proyecto dan un VAN económico de S/ 1 733 311, un TIR de 86,67% y un periodo de recuperación de 1,38 años. En cuanto a los resultados financieros, se tiene un VAN de S/ 1 962 648, un TIR de 108,99% y un periodo de recuperación de 1,16 años. También se realizará una evaluación social para establecer los beneficios, costos y ratios relacionados con los trabajadores y la sociedad, se tiene que la empresa como valor agregado genera 6 millones de soles durante los cinco años del proyecto, además se pudo calcular que la productividad de la mano de obra es de 292,6 sillas de ruedas anuales, lo cual es un número bastante alto para cada operario, pero se debe tener en cuenta que para aumentar la producción y contratar más operarios se tendrá un costo de S/ 34 881,25 por cada uno.In the present work, we sought to determine the feasibility of implementing a manufacturing plant for electric wheelchairs. By studying the methods of elaboration of an electric wheelchair, it was decided to use a simple process in which the electrical parts are assembled to a manual wheelchair, thus being most manual operations, therefore no require complex equipment for their elaboration. An analysis of the sector was carried out through market segmentation, analysis of similar economies and the application of surveys aimed at the target audience. With which an estimated demand for the project was obtained by the year 2026 of 2 866 units. The current offer was analyzed and the competitor with the highest participation was INNOVA INGENIERIA with 31,81% being the market leader, followed by IMPORTACIONES ADN SAC with 17,85% in the electric wheelchair sector. The marketing strategies were determined, which include marketing policies such as an image of closeness to customers, open communication, request for complaints, etc.; indirect distribution with an intermediary corresponding to orthopedic stores; advertising on all social networks; and finally, promotions with stores for a greater reach with the target audience. The prices were evaluated through their historical trend, and it was determined that the average price is close to 3 500 soles. Micro and macro location factors were analyzed that together with the factor ranking tool determined the optimal location of the plant, which turned out to be in the Callao district in Metropolitan Lima. The ideal plant size was established, the zones were calculated with the guerchet method, with the established measurements a project plan was made, which resulted in 1 065,24 m2. Through economic and financial analysis, the viability of the project will be analyzed with the B/C, VAN, TIR and recovery period indicators. The results of the project give an economic VAN of S/ 1 733,311, an TIR of 86,67% and a payback period of 1.38 years. Regarding financial results, there is a VAN of S/ 1 962 648, an TIR of 108,99% and a payback period of 1,16 years. A social evaluation will also be made to establish the benefits, costs and ratios related to workers and society, it is known that the company as added value generates 6 million soles during the five years of the project, in addition it was possible to calculate that the productivity of the workforce is 292,6 wheelchairs per year, which is a fairly high number for each operator, but it must be taken into account that to increase production and hire more operators, it will have a cost of S/ 34 881,25 for each new worker

Que peuvent apporter les séries télévisées à la littérature ?

Olivia Rosenthal. Je veux bien commencer parce que je crois que Stéphane me visait un peu quand il parlait de ceux qui avaient une expérience plutôt négative de la série tv. Je dois vous avouer que je suis arrivée en début d’après-midi et, après avoir découvert les débats, j’ai été un petit peu inquiète, parce que vous êtes vraiment des spécialistes. J’avais l’impression d’être un peu comme dans une secte – enfin, j’imagine –, parce qu’en fait, il y a beaucoup de mots que vous employez et que..

Influence of the synthetic method on the properties of two-photon-sensitive mesoporous organosilica nanoparticles

International audienceHerein we report the modulation of the properties of mesoporous silica nanoparticles (NPs) via various synthetic approaches. Three types of elaborations were compared, one in aqueous media at 25 °C, and the other two at 80 °C in water or in a water–ethanol mixture. For all these methods, an alkoxysilylated two-photon photosensitizer (2PS) was co-condensed with tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) in the presence of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), leading to five two-photon-sensitive mesoporous silica (M2PS) NPs. The M2PS NP porous structure could be tuned from radial to worm-like and MCM-41 types of organization. Besides, the 2PS precursor spatial dispersion was found to be highly dependent on both the 2PS initial concentration and the elaboration process. As a result, two-photon properties were modulated by the choice of the synthesis, the best results being found in aqueous media at 25 or 80 °C. Finally, the M2PS NPs were used for in vitro two-photon imaging of cancer cells

Establishing Streptomycin Epidemiological Cut-Off Values for Salmonella and Escherichia coli

This study was conducted to elucidate the accuracy of the current streptomycin epidemiological cut-off value (ECOFF) for Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. A total of 236 Salmonella enterica and 208 E. coli isolates exhibiting MICs between 4 and 32¿mg/L were selected from 12 countries. Isolates were investigated by polymerase chain reaction for aadA, strA, and strB streptomycin resistance genes. Out of 236 Salmonella isolates, 32 (13.5%) yielded amplicons for aadA (n¿=¿23), strA (n¿=¿9), and strB (n¿=¿11). None of the 60 Salmonella isolates exhibiting MIC 4¿mg/L harbored resistance genes. Of the Salmonella isolates exhibiting MICs 8¿mg/L, 16¿mg/L, and 32¿mg/L, 1.6%, 15%, and 39%, respectively, tested positive for one or more genes. For most monitoring programs, the streptomycin ECOFF for Salmonella is wild type (WT) =32 or =16¿mg/L. A cut-off value of WT =32¿mg/L would have misclassified 13.5% of the strains as belonging to the WT population, since this proportion of strains harbored resistance genes and exhibited MICs =32¿mg/L. Out of 208 E. coli strains, 80 (38.5%) tested positive for aadA (n¿=¿69), strA (n¿=¿18), and strB (n¿=¿31). Of the E. coli isolates exhibiting MICs of 4¿mg/L, 8¿mg/L, 16¿mg/L, and 32¿mg/L, 3.6%, 17.6%, 53%, and 82.3%, respectively, harbored any of the three genes. Based on the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing guidelines (ECOFF =16¿mg/L), 25% of the E. coli strains presenting MIC =16¿mg/L would have been incorrectly categorized as belonging to the WT population. The authors recommend an ECOFF value of WT =16¿mg/L for Salmonella and WT =8¿mg/L for E. coli