Mujeres indígenas en carreras STEM. Estudio de caso en los Institutos Tecnológicos del Estado de Oaxaca, México

Objetivo General • Diseñar y validar un modelo de mentorías con perspectivas de género dentro del contexto de educación superior para facilitar y fomentar la participación de las mujeres indígenas en el contexto STEM. Objetivos específicos • Analizar los estudios previos relacionados con mujeres indígenas en programas STEM en educación superior en Latinoamérica. • Analizar la tasa de estudiantes de origen indígena y que sean mujeres en programas STEM en educación superior en Oaxaca. • Conocer la perspectiva y opiniones de los y las estudiantes que se encuentran ya en el contexto de la educación superior sobre las carreras STEM. • Definir y pilotar un modelo de mentorías con perspectiva de género orientado a estudiantes mujeres indígenas en programas STEM. • Implementar acciones para fomentar e incentivar la elección de carreras STEM en las mujeres indígenas

Nutritional and clinical status, and dietary patterns of people living with HIV/AIDS in ambulatory care in Sao Paulo, Brazil

INTRODUÇÃO: Atualmente, a abordagem nutricional desempenha papel essencial no tratamento de pessoas que vivem com HIV/aids, particularmente no caso de alterações metabólicas pelo uso da terapia antirretroviral (TARV) que podem estar associadas ao maior risco de doenças cardiovasculares (DCV). OBJETIVO: Caracterizar o estado nutricional, clínico e a qualidade da dieta de pessoas que vivem com HIV/aids. METODOLOGIA: Trata-se de um estudo transversal envolvendo pessoas que vivem com HIV/aids em atendimento na rede de serviços especializados no município de São Paulo. Os usuários desta rede, em uso ou não de TARV, foram recrutados no período de dezembro de 2004 a maio de 2006, durante consultas de rotina. Foram coletados dados sociodemográficos, clínicos, bioquímicos, antropométricos e dietéticos. A qualidade da dieta foi avaliada segundo escores de padrão de consumo predominantemente "não protetor" e "protetor" para DCV. RESULTADOS: A amostra foi constituída por 238 pacientes em TARV e 76 sem TARV. A média dos níveis de colesterol total, triglicérides e glicemia foram maiores no grupo TARV (p < 0,001). A maior parte dos participantes do estudo, com e sem TARV, apresentava-se eutrófica, com média de índice de massa corporal 24,4 (± 4,3) e 24,3 (± 3,5) kg/m², respectivamente. A relação cintura-quadril foi maior entre homens em TARV que entre aqueles sem TARV (0,90 ± 0,06 versus 0,87 ± 0,05) (p < 0,001). O grupo em TARV apresentou média de escores indicativa de maior consumo de alimentos "não protetores" para DCV (p = 0,001). CONCLUSÃO: Foram evidenciadas condições nutricionais e metabólicas indesejáveis entre aqueles em TARV, predisponentes ao risco de DCV. É apontada a necessidade de direcionamento das intervenções em saúde a pessoas que vivem com HIV/aids, para o controle dos fatores associados a essas doenças antes do desfecho final.INTRODUCTION: Nutrition currently plays a key role in the treatment of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHA), especially in the case of metabolic alterations due to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), which could be related to cardiovascular diseases (CD). OBJECTIVE: to describe the nutritional and clinical status, and the quality of diet of PLHA. METHODS: It is a cross-sectional study involving a network of ambulatory care facilities for PLHA in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. Patients, in use of HAART or not, were selected from December 2004 to may 2006, through routine clinic visits. We collected: socio-demographic, clinical, biochemical, anthropometric measures and dietary data. Diet quality was evaluated according to a "protecting" or "non-protecting" pattern of consumption scores for CD. RESULTS: The sample had 238 patients on HAART and 76 without treatment. Mean serum levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides and glucose were higher in the HAART group (p < 0.001). The majority of patients of both the treated and untreated group were eutrophic with a mean body mass index (BMI) of 24.4 (± 4.3) kg/m² and 24.3 (± 3.5), respectively. The waist-hip ratio was higher among men on HAART (0.90 ± 0.06 versus 0.87±0.05) (p < 0.001). The HAART group showed a mean food pattern score indicating a higher consumption of "non-protecting" foods for CD (p = 0.001). CONCLUSION: The results showed undesired nutritional and metabolic conditions among patients on HAART associated with CD. It is necessary to manage health intervention programs for PLHA in order to control cardiovascular risk factors before final outcomes.UNESCO - Ministério da Saúd

Adaptación curricular en el aula para niños de inclusión

Reflexionar sobre el impacto de la práctica pedagógica III de inclusión en los procesos de adaptación curricular individualizada, en el Colegio Los Ángeles del municipio de Apulo CundinamarcaEl presente proyecto se llevó acabó en el grado tercero del colegio Los Ángeles de naturaleza privado, ubicado en la zona urbana del municipio de Apulo Cundinamarca, con el fin de crear la adaptación curricular y mejorar la educación en el ámbito de inclusión con el niño estudio de caso y donde se favorezca la atención a niños con necesidades especiales. Dicho proyecto se desarrolló bajo la metodología del marco lógico, por medio de este se logró identificar la problemática que se presenta con los niños con necesidades especiales educativas teniendo en cuenta, las necesidades y problemas que se evidencian en el aula de clase, con los alumnos que presentan dificultad de aprendizaje, por medio de esto se pudo realizar actividades para la adaptación de dichos menores dentro de la institución. Esto nos lleva a concluir que el docente siempre debe estar dispuesto a innovar y detectar los casos que se estén presentando dentro del aula, y sobre todo estar prevenido en observar, plantear, planear y lo más importante proponer estrategias que involucren a todos el alumnado de dichos cursos o con alguna necesidad especial, debido a que es una de las mejores maneras para saber cómo sacarle provecho a cada una de las habilidades que presentan sus alumnosThis project was completed in the third grade of Los Angeles private school, located in the urban area of the municipality of Apulo Cundinamarca, in order to create curricular adaptation and improve education in the field of inclusion with the study child case study and where attention is given to children with special needs. This project was developed under the methodology of the logical framework, through this it was possible to identify the problem that arises with children with special educational needs taking into account, the needs and problems that are evidenced in the classroom, with the students that present learning difficulties, through this it was possible to carry out activities for the adaptation of said minors within the institution. This leads us to conclude that the teacher must always be willing to innovate and detect cases that are occurring within the classroom, and above all be prevented in observing, posing, planning and most importantly proposing strategies that involve all students of these courses or with some special need, because it is one of the best ways to know how to take advantage of each of the skills presented by their students

Immunohistochemical and mRNA expression of RANK, RANKL, OPG, TLR2 and MyD88 during apical periodontitis progression in mice

Objective: To evaluate and correlate, in the same research, the mRNA expression and the staining of RANK, RANKL, OPG, TLR2 and MyD88 by immunohistochemistry in the apical periodontitis (AP) progression in mice. Material and Methods: AP was induced in the lower first molars of thirty-five C57BL/6 mice. They were assigned to four groups according to their euthanasia periods (G0, G7, G21 and G42). The jaws were removed and subjected to histotechnical processing, immunohistochemistry and real-time reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR). Data were analyzed with parametric and nonparametric tests (α=0.05). Results: An increase of positive immunoreactivity for RANK, RANKL, OPG, TLR2 and MyD88 was observed over time (p&lt;0.05). The RANKL expression was different between the groups G0 and G42, G21 and G42 (p=0.006), with G42 presenting the higher expression in both comparations. The OPG expression was statistically different between the groups G0 and G7, G7 and G21 and G7 and G42 (p&lt;0.001), with G7 presenting higher expression in all the time points. The TLR2 expression was different between the groups G0 and G42 (p=0.03), with G42 showing the higher expression. The MyD88 expression presented a statistical significant difference between groups G7, G21 and G42 compared with G0 (p=0.01), with G0 presenting the smallest expression in all the comparisons. The Tnfrsf11/Tnfrsf11b (RANKL/OPG) ratio increased with the AP progression (p=0.002). A moderate positive correlation between MyD88 and RANKL (r=0.42; p=0.03) and between MyD88 and TLR2 (r=0.48; p&lt;0.0001) was observed. Conclusion:The expression of the RANK, RANKL, OPG, MyD88 and TLR2 proteins as well as the ratio Tnfrsf11/Tnfrsf11b (RANKL/OPG) increased with AP progression. There was also a moderate positive correlation between the expression Myd88-Tnfrsf11 and Tlr2-Myd88, suggesting the relevance of Tlr2-Myd88 in bone loss due to bacterial infection

Adaptación curricular en el aula para niños de inclusión

Reflexionar sobre el impacto de la práctica pedagógica III de inclusión en los procesos de adaptación curricular individualizada, en el Colegio Los Ángeles del municipio de Apulo CundinamarcaEl presente proyecto se llevó acabó en el grado tercero del colegio Los Ángeles de naturaleza privado, ubicado en la zona urbana del municipio de Apulo Cundinamarca, con el fin de crear la adaptación curricular y mejorar la educación en el ámbito de inclusión con el niño estudio de caso y donde se favorezca la atención a niños con necesidades especiales. Dicho proyecto se desarrolló bajo la metodología del marco lógico, por medio de este se logró identificar la problemática que se presenta con los niños con necesidades especiales educativas teniendo en cuenta, las necesidades y problemas que se evidencian en el aula de clase, con los alumnos que presentan dificultad de aprendizaje, por medio de esto se pudo realizar actividades para la adaptación de dichos menores dentro de la institución. Esto nos lleva a concluir que el docente siempre debe estar dispuesto a innovar y detectar los casos que se estén presentando dentro del aula, y sobre todo estar prevenido en observar, plantear, planear y lo más importante proponer estrategias que involucren a todos el alumnado de dichos cursos o con alguna necesidad especial, debido a que es una de las mejores maneras para saber cómo sacarle provecho a cada una de las habilidades que presentan sus alumnosThis project was completed in the third grade of Los Angeles private school, located in the urban area of the municipality of Apulo Cundinamarca, in order to create curricular adaptation and improve education in the field of inclusion with the study child case study and where attention is given to children with special needs. This project was developed under the methodology of the logical framework, through this it was possible to identify the problem that arises with children with special educational needs taking into account, the needs and problems that are evidenced in the classroom, with the students that present learning difficulties, through this it was possible to carry out activities for the adaptation of said minors within the institution. This leads us to conclude that the teacher must always be willing to innovate and detect cases that are occurring within the classroom, and above all be prevented in observing, posing, planning and most importantly proposing strategies that involve all students of these courses or with some special need, because it is one of the best ways to know how to take advantage of each of the skills presented by their students

Costeo basado en actividades (ABC) y como propuesta de mejora para el almacenaje

Storage is one of the priorities in the supply of products in an organization, this. Activity-based costing (ABC) formulates a proposal that benefits storage, due to its characteristics, it guarantees an organization to have a solid foundation in the storage process. In conclusion, activity-based costing (ABC) is a viable alternative for those organizations that need to reformulate and improve storage, its easy application.El almacenaje es una de las prioridades en el abastecimiento de productos en una organización, este. El costeo basado en actividades (ABC) formula una propuesta que beneficia el almacenaje, debido a sus características, garantiza a una organización tener una base sólida en el proceso de almacenaje. En conclusión, el costeo basado en actividades (ABC) es una alternativa viable para aquellas organizaciones que requieran reformular y mejorar el almacenaje, su fácil aplicación

Comparison of digital and conventional radiographic techniques

This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between conventional and digital radiographic methods in the measurement of periapical lesions in primary molars and compares the time used to obtain the radiographic images betweenboth methods. Material and methods: This crossover study included children between 4 to 8-year-old with periapical lesion in primary mandibular molars. Fifteen molars were randomly assigned firstly to receive conventional or digital periapical radiograph during the steps of endodontic treatment. The time to obtain the radiographic image was evaluated in seconds and compared by the Mann-Whitney test. The periapical lesions measurement (mm2) were performed by the Image J software and the degree of correlation of measurement between both techniques was evaluated by the Spearman correlation test. Data was analyzed using the GraphPad Prism software (α = 0.05). Results: A strong positive correlation between the measurement of lesions occurred on conventional methods in comparison with the measurement on digital methods (r2=0.778; p<0.0006); however, the time to obtain the radiographic images was shorter in the digital method (p<0.0001). Conclusion: The digital method had a shorter amount of time to obtain the images and strong correlation for the lesions measurement in comparison to the conventional method. Therefore, the digital radiograph method is preferable for use in children

Characterization of patients with acquired encephalic injury submitted to surgery for the correction of deformities in lower limbs inferior members

Objetivo: Identificar as características demográficas e clínicas dos pacientes com Lesão Encefálica Adquirida (LEA) submetidos a cirurgias ortopédicas para correção de deformidades em membros inferiores (MMII), e analisar quais procedimentos cirúrgicos foram mais realizados nesses pacientes. Métodos: estudo transversal com revisão de 103 prontuários de pacientes submetidos a cirurgia ortopédica para correção de deformidade em membros inferiores no período de 2012 a 2014.&nbsp; Resultados: Os pacientes com diagnóstico de Traumatismo Cranioencefálico (TCE) e sequela de dupla hemiparesia foram os frequentemente submetidos à cirurgia de correção de partes moles, sendo que o alongamento de tríceps sural a técnica mais realizada. Conclusão: Os pacientes vítimas de TCE foram submetidos a correções cirúrgicas de MMII, seguidos pelos pacientes vítimas de Acidente Vascular Cerebral (AVC), com faixa etária entre 39 e 51 anos, respectivamente, e predominância do sexo masculino, em todos os grupos. As técnicas mais realizadas envolveram a correção de deformidades no pé e tornozelo. Observamos que o tempo transcorrido entre a lesão e o procedimento cirúrgico fora igual ou superior a quatro anos, sendo comum que pacientes chegassem aos centros de reabilitação com deformidades, já instaladas, devido à espera para ingressar em algum serviço.Objective: to identify the demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with acquired brain injury (ABI) submitted to orthopedic surgeries to correct lower limb deformities (LLDF), and to analyze which surgical procedures were more commonly performed in these patients. Methods: Cross-sectional study with a review of 103 medical records of patients undergoing orthopedic surgery for correction of lower limb deformity in the period from 2012 to 2014.&nbsp; Results: Patients diagnosed with cranioencephalic trauma (CET) and sequelae of double hemiparesis were the ones frequently submitted to soft tissue correction surgery, and the triceps stretching sural was the most accomplished technique. Conclusion: Patients who were victims of CET underwent surgical correction of lower limbs, followed by patients with stroke, with age range between 39 and 51 years, respectively, and male predominance, in all groups. The most accomplished techniques involved the correction of foot and ankle deformities. We observed that the time elapsed between the lesion and the surgical procedure was equal to or greater than four years, and it was common for patients to arrive at rehabilitation centers with deformities, already installed, due to waiting to be admitted in some health service

ALTERAÇÕES GASTROINTESTINAIS E ESTADO NUTRICIONAL DE PACIENTES ONCOLÓGICOS EM TRATAMENTO QUIMIOTERÁPICO

Introdução: A quimioterapia é utilizada para controlar, reduzir ou eliminar tumores cancerígenos. Porém, os fármacos utilizadosdurante este tratamento podem causar alterações gastrointestinais que podem comprometer o estado nutricional dosindivíduos. Objetivo: Analisar a correlação das alterações gastrointestinais com o estado nutricional de pacientes oncológicosem tratamento quimioterápico. Método: O estudo foi do tipo transversal analítico, com coleta de dados secundária de prontuáriosde pacientes internados em um Hospital de Oncologia. A amostragem foi do tipo não probabilística. As variáveis analisadasforam: sexo, faixa etária, estado civil, procedência, localização tumoral e grau das alterações gastrointestinais. Estes dadosforam analisados a partir das fichas de Avaliação Subjetiva Global Produzida Pelo Paciente. Resultados: Dos 86 prontuáriosanalisados, a maioria dos pacientes encontrava-se desnutrida (51,2%) e destes 66,0% eram do sexo feminino, 59,0% adultos,54,6% sem companheiro e 52,3% procedentes de São Luís e/ou Região metropolitana. O sítio tumoral mais prevalente foi odigestivo (31,4%) e as alterações gastrointestinais predominantes foram diarreia e dor (40,7%), principalmente nos pacientesdesnutridos (66,0%). Conclusão: Houve correlação moderada e positiva entre as alterações gastrointestinais e o estado nutricionaldos pacientes. Sugerindo que quanto maior for a gravidade destas alterações, maiores serão os prejuízos no estado nutricionaldos mesmos.Palavras-chave: Câncer. Tratamento Farmacológico. Sinais e Sintomas Digestórios. Estado Nutricional

Intensive Care Unit Admission after Cytoreductive Surgery and Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy. Is It Necessary?

Introduction. Cytoreductive surgery (CS) with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) is a new approach for peritoneal carcinomatosis. However, high rates of complications are associated with CS and HIPEC due to treatment complexity; that is why some patients need stabilization and surveillance for complications in the intensive care unit. Objective. This study analyzed that ICU stay is necessary after HIPEC. Methods. 39 patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis were treated according to strict selection criteria with CS and HIPEC, with closed technique, and the chemotherapy administered were cisplatin 25 mg/m2/L and mitomycin C 3.3 mg/m2/L for 90-minutes at 40.5°C. Results. 26 (67%) of the 39 patients were transferred to the ICU. Major postoperative complications were seen in 14/26 patients (53%). The mean time on surgical procedures was 7.06 hours (range 5−9 hours). The mean blood loss was 939 ml (range 100–3700 ml). The mean time stay in the ICU was 2.7 days. Conclusion. CS with HIPEC for the treatment of PC results in low mortality and high morbidity. Therefore, ICU stay directly following HIPEC should not be standardized, but should preferably be based on the extent or resections performed and individual patient characteristics and risk factors. Late complications were comparable to those reported after large abdominal surgery without HIPEC