Efecto de la sustitucion parcial de sacarosa por esteviosido y de la adicion de carragenina sobre las caracteristicas fisicoquimicas y sensoriales de dulce leche

En el presente estudio se evaluó el efecto de la sustitución parcial de sacarosa por esteviósido y la adición de carragenina sobre las características fisicoquímicas y sensoriales de dulce de leche. Se realizaron 6 formulaciones, empleando leche fresca de vaca como materia prima. Se reemplazó el 12.5, 25 y 50% del contenido de sacarosa (18% respecto al volumen inicial de leche) por 0.023, 0.045 y 0.090% de esteviósido respectivamente; y se adicionó carragenina en dos concentraciones 0.025 y 0.050%. El análisis estadístico mostró diferencias significativas (p<0.05) en la viscosidad aparente, la cual aumentó al incrementar el porcentaje de sustitución parcial de sacarosa por esteviósido y al aumentar la concentración de carragenina. El contenido de azúcares disminuyó por efecto significativo del porcentaje de sustitución parcial de sacarosa por esteviósido. Los parámetros de color L*, a* y b* presentaron valores similares en todos los tratamientos. Respecto a la aceptabilidad general, los tratamientos mostraron en promedio la calificación me gusta moderadamente. La sustitución parcial de 50% de sacarosa y 0.050% de adición de carragenina fue el mejor tratamiento por tener mayor viscosidad aparente, aceptabilidad general similar a los otros tratamientos y menor contenido de azúcares en el producto final.In the present study the effect of the partial substitution of sucrose by stevioside and the addition of carrageenan on the physicochemical and sensory characteristics of milk caramel was assessed. Six formulations were made, using fresh cow's milk as a raw material. It was replaced 12.5% , 25% and 50% of the sucrose content (18% compared to the initial volume of milk) for 0.023%, 0.045% and 0.090% stevioside respectively and adding two concentrations carrageenan: 0.025% and 0.050%. The statistical analysis showed significant differences (p< 0.05) in the apparent viscosity, wich increased by increasing the percentage of partial replacement of sucrose by stevioside and by increasing the concentrantion of carrageenan. The sugars content decrecreased by significant effect the percentage of partial replacement of sucrose by stevioside. Color parameters L *, a* and b* presented similar values in all treatments. Regarding to overall acceptability, treatments showed average rating I like moderately. The partial substitution of 50% sucrose and adding 0.050% carrageenan was the best treatment for having higher apparent viscosity, overall acceptability similar to other treatments and lower sugar content in the final product

Adult Food Insecurity is Associated with Heavier Weight Preferences among Black Women

Food insecurity is related to overweight/obesity among women. However, it is unknown whether food insecurity impacts individuals’ desired body composition, and whether this relationship differs by race/ethnicity similar to perceived ideal weight status. This study aims to evaluate whether food insecurity is related to elevated preferred weight status (e.g., overweight/obese versus normal weight) among black, white, and Hispanic women classified as overweight/obese. Four waves of NHANES data (2007–2014) were merged and yielded a total of 907 black, 1,271 white, and 1,005 Hispanic non-pregnant adult (age 20 to 59) women classified as overweight/obese. Participants self-reported their preferred weight status, adult-level food security, and demographic covariates. Covariate-adjusted logistic regression models stratified by race/ethnicity evaluated the role of food insecurity related to preferred weight status. Among black women, those who were food insecure were at 51% increased odds of preferring an overweight/obese weight status (OR: 1.51; 95% CI: 1.08 – 2.13; p = .02) relative to their food secure counterparts. Among white and Hispanic women, those who were food insecure had similar odds of preferring an overweight/obese weight status (White: OR: 1.07; 95% CI: 0.68 – 1.71; p = .76; Hispanic: OR: 0.95; 95% CI: 0.66 – 1.37; p = .77) relative to their food secure counterparts. Food insecurity results in the desire to be heavier among black women classified as overweight/obese. However, it does not impact white and Hispanic women classified as overweight/obese. Practitioners must consider weight preferences prior to providing obesity prevention information, particularly among food insecure black women

Methodological considerations for fMRI studies of pitch processing

Four functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies of pitch processing in auditory cortex were designed to reduce the impact of a number of methodological issues that have hitherto limited previous research findings. Due to adaptation effects, it is necessary to repeatedly present short stimulus bursts rather than long-duration stimuli. Thus, conventionally, in neuroimaging studies of pitch perception, a number of short bursts of the pitch stimulus, separated by silent intervals, are compared to a Gaussian noise presented in the same way. The results of the first experiment indicate that replacing the silent intervals with an energetically matched noise context increases the pitch-specific response by removing the 'energy-onset response' that saturates the overall response if silent intervals are used. In the second experiment, a particular pitch-evoking stimulus, iterated ripple noise (IRN), which is commonly used in neuroimaging studies of pitch perception, was examined. Hall and Plack (Cerebral Cortex 2009;19:576-585) showed that IRN contains slowly varying spectro-temporal features unrelated to pitch, and suggested that these features could account for at least some of the cortical activation produced by IRN. The results support this hypothesis, but also suggest that there is an additional pitch-dependent effect in the same region of auditory cortex.The third experiment assessed the effect of using a different control stimulus to the usual Gaussian noise. The new matched controls were a pulse train with randomly jittered inter-pulse intervals and a random-phase unresolved harmonic complex tone. These low-pitch-salience controls were compared to a regular interval pulse train, which is identical to a cosine-phase unresolved harmonic complex tone. The third experiment did not provide evidence for sensitivity to pitch-salience in pitch-responsive regions of auditory cortex. The fourth and final experiment was a factorial design seeking to answer two main questions: 1) Is the pitch-sensitive region of auditory cortex responsive to the salience of other sound features (e.g. modulation)? 2) Are the responses to pitch and to modulation within this region co-located? Two different pitch-evoking stimuli with different levels of pitch salience were used, presented in a noise context. Results indicate that the pitch-sensitive region contains representations for both pitch and modulation. Furthermore, there was no evidence for an interaction between pitch and modulation, suggesting that the two responses are independent. Overall, the results suggest that careful stimulus design, and appropriate experimental control, is necessary to obtain reliable information on the cortical response to pitch. In addition, the results have shed further light on the likely neural substrates of pitch processing in the cortex.EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceMRC Institute of Hearing ResearchGBUnited Kingdo

Relación entre los conocimientos de los micronutrientes y prácticas alimentarias en madres gestantes del Centro de Salud Alto Trujillo, 2022

El presente trabajo de investigación es de diseño no experimental, descriptivo correlacional, se realizó con el objetivo de determinar la relación que existe entre el conocimiento de los micronutrientes y las prácticas alimentarias en mujeres embarazadas, Trujillo 2022. La muestra estuvo conformada por 152 madres gestantes que asistieron al Centro de Salud del Alto Trujillo. Para medir las 2 variables del estudio se utilizó como técnica la encuesta y se aplicaron dos cuestionarios, uno constituido por 14 ítems para medir los conocimientos de los micronutrientes y para la variable prácticas alimentarias estuvo constituido por 10 ítems. Se utilizó el software SPSS versión 26.0, para establecer la relación de las variables mediante la prueba estadística chi cuadrado con un nivel de significancia 0,05. Se observó que el 62 % de las gestantes no tienen conocimientos sobre los micronutrientes, y el 74% no tienen buenas prácticas alimentarias. De las gestantes que no tienen conocimientos de los micronutrientes el 97.8 % tienen malas prácticas alimentarias y las gestantes que si tienen conocimiento sobre los micronutrientes el 63% tienen adecuadas prácticas alimentarias, siendo el valor de p = 0.001 y un coeficiente V. Cramer de 0,679, que indica una asociación fuerte. Se concluye que existe relación significativamente estadística entre los conocimientos de los micronutrientes y las prácticas alimentarias en las gestantes del Centro de Salud del Alto Trujillo, 2022

In vitro inhibitory activity of Acca sellowiana fruit extract on end products of advanced glycation

"Introduction Hyperglycemia plays an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications, as it increases protein glycation, as well as the progressive accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), which are complex structures that produce fluorescence. The glycation reaction raises the levels of protein carbonyl, N ?-(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML), and fructosamine and decreases the level of thiol groups. Methods In the present study, the antiglycation activity was determined by fluorescence intensity using the bovine serum albumin (BSA)/glucose, CML method, and the level of fructosamine. The oxidation of proteins was determined by the carbonyl protein content and thiol groups. Results The results show that the hexane extract of Acca sellowiana (FOH) at different concentrations (0.30-5 mg/ml) significantly inhibited the formation of AGEs in the BSA/glucose model during the 4 weeks of the study. FOH reduced the levels of fructosamine and CML. Our results showed a significant effect of FOH in the prevention of oxidative damage of proteins, as well as an effect on the oxidation of thiol groups and carbonyl proteins. Conclusion The present study indicates that FOH is effective in inhibiting the glycation of proteins in vitro, so it can prevent or ameliorate the chronic conditions of diabetes associated with the formation of AGEs.

Riding the techwave in an era of change

Learn how innovation is finding its way within the healthcare sector and get a grip on the latest technological developments. Based on insights from 77 stakeholders within the Dutch healthcare system, including healthcare professionals, entrepreneurs, researchers, consultants, policy makers, and input from 80 healthcare consumers this book helps you to understand: • the technologies with the highest implementation potential in the healthcare

Haemoparasites in endemic and non-endemic passerine birds from central Mexico highlands

Haemosporidian parasites of birds are found worldwide and include the genera Haemoproteus, Plasmodium and Leucocytozoon. Infection with haemosporidian parasites can affect host physical condition and reproductive success. The aim of this study was to identify the blood parasites and parasitaemia in endemic and non-endemic passerine birds from central Mexico highlands. This study included 157 passerines representing 29 species from 17 families. Overall, 30.6% (48/157) of the birds were infected with blood parasites. Of those, Haemoproteus spp. were found in 14.0% (n = 22), Leucocytozoon spp. 12.1% (n = 19) and microfilariae 0.6% (n = 1). Blood parasites were found in 71.4% (5/7) of endemic bird species and 45.4% (10/22) of non-endemic species. Medium to high parasitaemia (number of parasites/number erythrocytes) was observed in birds with infections of Haemoproteus spp. and Leucocytozoon spp. Co-infections 3.8% (n = 6) were observed in two species of endemic birds. This study contributes to the knowledge of haemoparasites in endemic and non-endemic passerine birds from central Mexico highlands. Additional investigation on the molecular identification of haemosporidian parasites, pathogenicity and health status of these birds is necessary

Transition from post-capillary pulmonary hypertension to combined pre- and post-capillary pulmonary hypertension in swine

Passive, isolated post‐capillary pulmonary hypertension (IpcPH) secondary to left heart disease may progress to combined pre‐ and post‐capillary or ‘active’ PH (CpcPH) characterized by chronic pulmonary vascular constriction and remodelling. The mechanisms underlying this ‘activation’ of passive pulmonary hypertension (PH) remain incompletely understood. Here we investigated the role of the vasoconstrictor endothelin‐1 (ET) in the progression from IpcPH to CpcPH in a swine model for post‐capillary PH. Swine underwent pulmonary vein banding (PVB; n = 7) or sham‐surgery (Sham; n = 6) and were chronically instrumented 4 weeks later. Haemodynamics were assessed for 8 weeks, at rest and during exercise, before and after administration of the ET receptor antagonist tezosentan. After sacrifice, the pulmonary vasculature was investigated by histology, RT‐qPCR and myograph experiments. Pulmonary arterial pressure and resistance increased significantly over time. mRNA expression of prepro‐endothelin‐1 and endothelin converting enzyme‐1 in the lung was increased,