Sequential homology

The notion of exterior space consists of a topological space together with a certain nonempty family of open subsets that is thought of as a 'system of open neighborhoods at infinity'. An exterior map is a continuous map which is 'continuous at infinity'. A strongly locally finite CW-complex X, whose skeletons are provided with the family of the complements of compact subsets, can be considered as an exterior space X. Associated with a compact metric space we also consider the open fundamental complex OFC(X); introduced by Lefschetz. In this paper we use sequences of cycles converging to infinity to introduce 'ordinary' sequential homology and cohomology theories in the category of exterior spaces. One of the interesting differences with respect to the ordinary theories of topological spaces is that the role of a point is played by the exterior space N of natural numbers with the discrete topology and the cofinite externology. For a strongly locally finite CW-complex X, we see that the singular homology of X is isomorphic to Hseq(X; 0 ), the locally finite homology is isomorphic to Hseq(X; 0 ) and the end homology is isomorphic to Hseq(X; 0 /0 cohomology one has that the compact support cohomology is isomorphic to Hseq(X; 0 ), the singular cohomology is isomorphic to Hseq(X; 0 ) and the end cohomology is isomorphic to Hseq(X; 0). With respect to the Lefschetz fundamental complex, one has that the ech homology of a compact metric space can be found as a subgroup of Hseq(OFC(X); ); the Steenrod homology is isomorphic to H+1seq (OFC(X);; 0 /0 ) and the ech cohomology of X is isomorphic to Hseq(OFC(X);; 0 /0 ). Finally, one also has a Poincaré isomorphism Hseqq(M) Hn-qseq (M), where M is a triangulable, second countable, orientable, n-manifold. We remark that in both sides of the isomorphism we are using sequential theories. © 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved

Effect Of Soil Management On The White Grub Population And Damage In Soybean

To evaluate the effect of soil management systems on population of white grubs, (Phyllophaga cuyabana Moser), and on its damage in soybean, experiments were set up under no-tillage and conventional tillage (one disk plow, and a leveling disk harrow) areas. Primary tillage equipment, used in other soil management systems, such as moldboard plow, disk plow, chisel plow and heavy duty disk harrow were also tested. Fluctuation of P. cuyabana population and the extent of its damage to soybean was similar under no-tillage and conventional tillage systems. Results comparing a range of primary tillage equipment showed that it affected soil insect populations differently, depending on the time during the season in which tillage was executed. Larval mortality could mostly be attributed to their exposure to adverse factors, soon after tillage, than to changes in soil conditions. Reduction of white grub population was more evident in plots managed by heavier equipment, such as the moldboard plow. Soil tillage could be one component within the soil pest management system in soybean, however, its use can not be generalized.355887894Alvarado, L., (1979) Comparación Poblacional de "Gusanos Blancos" (Larvas de Coléopteros Scarabaeidae) en Tres Situaciones de Manejo, 5p. , Pergamino : INTA/ EERA, (INTA/EERA. Genéralidades Carpeta de Producción Vegetal. Información, 16)Brown, W.R., Gange, A.C., Insect herbivore below ground (1990) Advances in Ecological Research, 20, pp. 1-58. , San DiegoGarcia, M.A., Arthropods in tropical corn field: Effects of woods and insecticides on community composition (1991) Plant-animal Interactions: Evolutionary Ecology in Tropical and Temperate Regions, pp. 619-634. , PRICE, P.LEWINSOHON, T.M.FERNANDES, W.BENSON, W.W. (Eds.). New York: J. WileyGassen, D.N., Corós associados ao sistema de plantio direto (1993) Plantio Direto no Brasil, pp. 141-149. , ALDEIA NORTE (Passo Fundo, RS) (Ed.). Passo Fundo : Embrapa-CNPT/Fundacep Fecotrigo/Fundação ABCHammond, R.B., Stinner, B.R., Seedcom maggots (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) and slugs in conservation tillage systems in Ohio (1987) Journal of Economic Entomology, 80, pp. 680-684. , LanhamHoffmann-Campo, C.B., Parra, J.R.P., Mazzarin, R.M., Ciclo biológico de Sternechus subsignatus Boheman, 1836 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) em soja no norte do Paraná (1991) Revista Brasileira de Biologia, 51, pp. 615-621. , Rio de Janeiro(1976) Manual Agropecuário para O Paraná, 1. , LondrinaOliveira, L.J., (1997) Ecologla Comportamental e de Interações com Plantas Hospedeiras em Phyllophaga Cuyabana (Moser) (Coleoptera: Melolonthidae, Melolonthinae) e Implicações para o Seu Manejo em Cultura de Soja, 148p. , Campinas : Unicamp, Tese de DoutoradoOliveira, L.J., Hoffmann-Campo, C.B., Do Amaral, M.L.B., Nachi, C., (1992) Coró Pequeno da Soja, 4p. , Londrina : Embrapa-CNPSo. (Embrapa-CNPSo. Documentos, 51)Oliveira, L.J., Hoffmann-Campo, C.B., Sistemas de preparo de solo: Efeito sobre populações de larvas de escarabeídeos e Sternechus subsignatus (1996) Resultados de Pesqulsa de Soja 1990/91, pp. 464-468. , EMBRAPA. Centro National de Pesquisa de Soja (Londrina, PR). Londrina, (Embrapa-CNPSo. Documentos, 99)Rincón, M.B.N., Tiscareño, M., Velásquez, M., Diversidad y abundancia de Melolonthidae y Scarabaeidae (Insecta: Coleoptera) asociados a diferentes sistemas de labranza y porcentajes de cobertura vegetal en agrosistemas de maíz del Estado de Michoacan, México (1997) Reunión Latino-americana de Escara-beidologia, 3, pp. 18-19. , Xalapa. Memórias. Xalapa: Institute de Ecologia, 1997Shelton, M.D., Edwards, C.R., Effects of weeds on the diversity and abundance of insects on soybeans (1983) Environmental Entomology, 12, pp. 296-298. , LanhamDa Silva, M.T.B., Grutzmacher, A.D., Ruedell, J., Link, D., Costa, E.C., Influência de sistemas de manejo de suelos y de culturas sobre insectos sub́terraneos (1994) Clência Rural, 24, pp. 247-251. , Santa MariaDa Silva, M.T.B., Klein, V.A., Efeito de diferentes métodos de preparo do solo na infestação e danos de Sternechus subsignatus (Boheman) em soja (1997) Ciência Rural, 27, pp. 533-536. , Santa MariaDa Silva, M.T.B., Klein, V.A., Link, D., Reinert, D.J., Influência de sistemas de manejo de solos na oviposição de Diloboderus abderus Sturm (Coleoptera: Melolonthidae) (1994) Anais da Sociedade Entomológica Brasileira, 3, pp. 543-548. , LondrinaSloderbeck, P.E., Yeargen, K.V., Green cloverworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) populations in conventional and double-cropped, no-till soybeans (1983) Journal of Economic Entomology, 76, pp. 785-791. , LanhamSmith, A.W., Hammond, R.B., Stinner, B.R., Influence of rye-cover crop management on soybean foliage arthropods (1988) Environmental Entomology, 17, pp. 109-114. , LanhamStinner, B.R., House, G.J., Arthropods and other invertebrates in conservation-tillage agriculture (1990) Annual Review of Entomology, 35, pp. 299-318. , Palo AltoStrnad, S.P., Bergman, M.K., Movement of first-instar western corn rootworms (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in soil (1987) Environmental Entomology, 16, pp. 975-978. , LanhamToxclair Jr., N.N., Boethel, D.J., The influence of tillage practices and row spacing on soybean insect populations in Louisiana (1984) Journal of Economic Entomology, 77, pp. 1571-1579. , LanhamWinter, J.P., Voroney, R.P., Ainsworth, D.A., Soil microarthropods in long-term no-tillage and conventional tillage corn production (1990) Canadian Journal of Soil Science, 70, pp. 641-653. , Ottaw

Water buffalo production in the Brazilian Amazon Basin: a review

The Brazilian Amazon has witnessed, in the last decades, an increase in the water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) inventory, with interesting productivity results. As the Brazilian Amazon contains the main water buffalo population in the Americas, the aim of this work is to review its most relevant production systems and some peculiarities about meat and milk production in this territory. The opening section describes the Amazon Basin, the most common water buffalo breeds, a brief history of the local livestock farming beginning in 1644. Also, it presents how water buffaloes gradually replaced bovine herds, especially where the latter had a lower productive performance. The use of extensive or more intensified models is pointed out and the ecosystems in which buffaloes are raised are detailed since native or cultivated pastures can be used in floodplains or drylands. Buffalo raising is favored in the Amazon due to the climate, soil, genetic variability of forages, animal adaptability, and physical space. Thus, it is clear that buffaloes have a high potential for meat and milk production and are an alternative in the use of altered areas of the Amazon; and, in the recent past, the low profitability of buffalo farming in traditional production systems in the Amazon was the reason which made this activity economically unattractive. Most recent technologies as outdoor confinements and silvopastoral systems are pointed out as more suitable regarding land-use policies, and buffalo farming for meat and milk production fits perfectly in this context, with productivity and beneficial socioeconomicinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio

Probing neutrino non-standard interactions with atmospheric neutrino data

We have reconsidered the atmospheric neutrino anomaly in light of the laetst data from Super-Kamiokande contained events and from Super-Kamiokande and MACRO up-going muons. We have reanalysed the proposed solution to the atmospheric neutrino anomaly in terms of non-standard neutrino-matter interactions (NSI) as well as the standard nu_mu -> nu_tau oscillations (OSC). Our statistical analysis shows that a pure NSI mechanism is now ruled out at 99%, while the standard nu_mu -> nu_tau OSC mechanism provides a quite remarkably good description of the anomaly. We therefore study an extended mechanism of neutrino propagation which combines both oscillation and non-standard neutrino-matter interactions, in order to derive limits on flavour-changing (FC) and non-universal (NU) neutrino interactions. We obtain that the off-diagonal flavour-changing neutrino parameter epsilon and the diagonal non-universality neutrino parameter epsilon' are confined to -0.03 < epsilon < 0.02 and |epsilon'| < 0.05 at 99.73% CL. These limits are model independent and they are obtained from pure neutrino-physics processes. The stability of the neutrino oscillation solution to the atmospheric neutrino anomaly against the presence of non-standard neutrino interactions establishes the robustness of the near-maximal atmospheric mixing and massive-neutrino hypothesis. The best agreement with the data is obtained for Delta_m^2 = 2.3*10^{-3} eV^2, sin^2(2*theta) = 1, epsilon = 6.7*10^{-3} and epsilon' = 1.1*10^{-3}, although the chi^2 function is quite flat in the epsilon and epsilon' directions for epsilon, epsilon' -> 0.Comment: 26 pages, LaTeX file using REVTeX4, 1 table and 12 figures included. Added a revised analysis which takes into account the new 1489-day Super-Kamiokande and final MACRO data. The bound on NSI parameters is considerably improve

Feeding And Oviposition Preference Of Phyllophaga Cuyabana (moser) (coleoptera: Melolonthidae) On Several Crops

Laboratory and greenhouse experiments were carried out to study food and oviposition preference by Phyllophaga cuyabana (Moser) on different plant species as Cajanus cajan L. (pigeon pea), Crotalaria juncea L. (sun hemp), Crotalaria spectabilis Roth (showy crotalaria), Crotalaria ochroleuca G. Don (slenderleaf rattlebox), Glycine max [L.] Merrill (soybean), Gossypium hirsutum L. (cotton), Helianthus annuus L. (sunflower), Stizolobium aterrimum [Mucuna aterrima] Piper & Tracey (velvetbean) and Zea mays L. (mayze). In no-choice experiments, the number of eggs layed in sunflower, C. juncea and soybean was larger compared to cotton. Despite the fact that the adults did not discriminate among plants, in dual-choice test, the proportion of eggs layed and leaf consumption by P. cuyabana adults in soybean were significantly higher than in C. spectabilis. The larval distribution in the soil was at random in multiple-choice, withouth any trend of preference, but in dual-choice, when soybean was the control, larvae always preferred to feed on its roots. P. cuyabana adults had preference for more suitable hosts and that could stand their offspring survival. This behaviour can be usefully exploited in an integrated management program for this pest.365759764Craig, T.P., Itami, J.K., Price, P.W., A strong relationship between oviposition preference and larval performance in a shoot-galling sawfly (1989) Ecology, 70, pp. 1691-1699Diagne, A. 2004. Seasonal occurrence of Phyllophaga species and biological studies of Phyllophaga ephilida (Say) on sweet potato, Ipomoea batatas (1) Lam, in Louisiana. PhD thesis, Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College, Baton Rouge, 101pMoron, M.A., (1986) El genero Phyllophaga en México: Morfología, distribución y sistematica supraespecifica, , México, Instituto de Ecología, 341pOliveira, L.J., B. Santos, J.R.P. Parra & C.B. Hoffmann-Campo. 2004. Coró-da-soja, p.151-176. In J.R. Salvadori, C.J. Ávila & M.T.B. da Silva (org.), Pragas de solo no Brasil. Passo Fundo, Embrapa Trigo, Embrapa Agropecuária Oeste, Fundacep, 541pOliveira, L.J., Garcia, M.A., Flight, feeding and reproductive behaviour of Phyllophaga cuyabana (Moser) (Coleoptera: Melolonthidae) adults (2003) Pesq. Agropec. Bras, 38, pp. 179-186Potter, D.A., Held, D.W., Biology and management of the Japanese beetle (2002) Annu. Rev. Entomol, 47, pp. 175-205Silva, M.T.B. da & J.R. Salvadori. 2004. Coró-das-pastagens, p.191-210. In J.R. Salvadori, C.J. Ávila & M.T.B. da Silva (org.), Pragas de solo no Brasil. Passo Fundo, Embrapa Trigo, Embrapa Agropecuária Oeste, Fundacep, 541pSilva, da, M.T.B., Tarragó, M.F.S., Link, D., Costa, E.C., Preferência de oviposição de Diloboderus abderus (Sturm) por restos de culturas em solo com plantio direto (1996) An. Soc. Entomol. Brasil, 25, pp. 83-87Rausher, M.D., Alteration of oviposition behaviour by Battus philenor butterflies in response to variation in host-plant density (1983) Ecology, 64, pp. 1028-1034Thompson, H.N., Evolutionary ecology of the relationship between oviposition preference and performance of offspring in phytophagous insects (1988) Entomol. Exp. Appl, 47, pp. 3-14Travis, B.V., Habits of the June beetle, Phyllophaga lanceolata (Say), in Iowa (1939) J. Econ. Entomol, 32, pp. 690-69

Confusing non-standard neutrino interactions with oscillations at a neutrino factory

Most neutrino mass theories contain non-standard interactions (NSI) of neutrinos which can be either non-universal (NU) or flavor-changing (FC). We study the impact of such interactions on the determination of neutrino mixing parameters at a neutrino factory using the so-called ``golden channels'' \pnu{e}\to\pnu{\mu} for the measurement of \theta_{13}. We show that a certain combination of FC interactions in neutrino source and earth matter can give exactly the same signal as oscillations arising due to \theta_{13}. This implies that information about \theta_{13} can only be obtained if bounds on NSI are available. Taking into account the existing bounds on FC interactions, this leads to a drastic loss in sensitivity in \theta_{13}, at least two orders of magnitude. A near detector at a neutrino factory offers the possibility to obtain stringent bounds on some NSI parameters. Such near site detector constitutes an essential ingredient of a neutrino factory and a necessary step towards the determination of \theta_{13} and subsequent study of leptonic CP violation.Comment: 23 pages, 5 figures, improved version, accepted for publication in Phs. Rev. D, references adde

On the Optimum Long Baseline for the Next Generation Neutrino Oscillation Experiments

For high energy long baseline neutrino oscillation experiments, we propose a Figure of Merit criterion to compare the statistical quality of experiments at various oscillation distances under the condition of identical detectors and a given neutrino beam. We take into account all possible experimental errors under general consideration. In this way the Figure of Merit is closely related to the usual statistical criterion of number of sigmas. We use a realistic neutrino beam for an entry level neutrino factory and a possible superbeam from a meson source and a 100 kt detector for the calculation. We considered in detail four oscillation distances, 300 km, 700 km, 2100 km and 3000 km, in the neutrino energy range of 0.5-20 GeV for a 20 GeV entry level neutrino factory and a 50 GeV superbeam. We found that the very long baselines of 2100 km and 3000 km are preferred for the neutrino factory according to the figure of merit criterion. Our results also show that, for a neutrino factory, lower primary muon energies such as 20 GeV are preferred rather than higher ones such as 30 or 50 GeV. For the superbeam, the combination of a long baseline such as 300 km and a very long baseline like 2100 km will form a complete measurement of the oscillation parameters besides the CP phase. To measure the CP phase in a superbeam, a larger detector (a factor 3 beyond what is considered in this article) and/or a higher intensity beam will be needed to put some significant constraints on the size of the CP angle.Comment: 21 LaTeX pages, 13 PS figures, typos corrected, references adde

Effects of new physics in neutrino oscillations in matter

A new flavor changing electron neutrino interaction with matter would always dominate the nu_e oscillation probability at sufficiently high neutrino energies. Being suppressed by theta_{13}, the energy scale at which the new effect starts to be relevant may be within the reach of realistic experiments, where the peculiar dependence of the signal with energy could give rise to a clear signature in the nu_e --> nu_tau channel. The latter could be observed by means of a coarse large magnetized detector by exploiting tau --> mu decays. We discuss the possibility of identifying or constraining such effects with a high energy neutrino factory. We also comment on the model independent limits on them.Comment: 11 pages, 5 figure

Supernova Bounds on Majoron-emitting decays of light neutrinos

Neutrino masses arising from the spontaneous violation of ungauged lepton-number are accompanied by a physical Goldstone boson, generically called Majoron. In the high-density supernova medium the effects of Majoron-emitting neutrino decays are important even if they are suppressed in vacuo by small neutrino masses and/or small off-diagonal couplings. We reconsider the influence of these decays on the neutrino signal of supernovae in the light of recent Super-Kamiokande data on solar and atmospheric neutrinos. We find that majoron-neutrino coupling constants in the range 3\times 10^{-7}\lsim g\lsim 2\times 10^{-5} or g \gsim 3 \times 10^{-4} are excluded by the observation of SN1987A. Then we discuss the potential of Superkamiokande and the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory to detect majoron neutrino interactions in the case of a future galactic supernova. We find that these experiments could probe majoron neutrino interactions with improved sensitivity.Comment: 28 pages, 5 figure

Neutral-Current Atmospheric Neutrino Flux Measurement Using Neutrino-Proton Elastic Scattering in Super-Kamiokande

Recent results show that atmospheric $\nu_\mu$ oscillate with $\delta m^2 \simeq 3 \times 10^{-3}$ eV$^2$ and $\sin^2{2\theta_{atm}} \simeq 1$, and that conversion into $\nu_e$ is strongly disfavored. The Super-Kamiokande (SK) collaboration, using a combination of three techniques, reports that their data favor $\nu_\mu \to \nu_\tau$ over $\nu_\mu \to \nu_{sterile}$. This distinction is extremely important for both four-neutrino models and cosmology. We propose that neutrino-proton elastic scattering ($\nu + p \to \nu + p$) in water \v{C}erenkov detectors can also distinguish between active and sterile oscillations. This was not previously recognized as a useful channel since only about 2% of struck protons are above the \v{C}erenkov threshold. Nevertheless, in the present SK data there should be about 40 identifiable events. We show that these events have unique particle identification characteristics, point in the direction of the incoming neutrinos, and correspond to a narrow range of neutrino energies (1-3 GeV, oscillating near the horizon). This channel will be particularly important in Hyper-Kamiokande, with $\sim 40$ times higher rate. Our results have other important applications. First, for a similarly small fraction of atmospheric neutrino quasielastic events, the proton is relativistic. This uniquely selects $\nu_\mu$ (not $\bar{\nu}_\mu$) events, useful for understanding matter effects, and allows determination of the neutrino energy and direction, useful for the $L/E$ dependence of oscillations. Second, using accelerator neutrinos, both elastic and quasielastic events with relativistic protons can be seen in the K2K 1-kton near detector and MiniBooNE.Comment: 10 pages RevTeX, 8 figure