Rastreando las características de la vulnerabilidad del crecimiento económico al COVID-19: un análisis preliminar

In response to the global expansion of COVID-19, governments around the world have implemented social distancing measures resulting in an unprecedented fall in economic activity. Consequently, the economic growth forecasts for 2020 have been adjusted downward in most countries, yet the magnitude of the decline has been different. In this article, we examine the economic vulnerability to COVID-19 -measured as the change in GDP growth forecasts for 2020- and its determinants for a sample of 194 countries. We identify the characteristics of the external sector and macroeconomic policy stance that are associated with an increase in economic vulnerability during the pandemicComo respuesta a la expansión global de COVID-19, los gobiernos alrededor del mundo han implementado diversas medidas de aislamiento social generando una caída en la actividad económica sin precedentes recientes. Consecuentemente, los pronósticos de crecimiento económico para 2020 se han ajustado a la baja en la mayoría de los países, aunque la magnitud de la caída ha sido diferente. En este trabajo nos enfocamos en el análisis de la vulnerabilidad económica ante COVID-19, medida como el cambio en los pronósticos de crecimiento, y sus determinantes para una muestra de 194 países. Resaltamos las características del sector externo y de la política macroeconómica que se asocian a una mayor vulnerabilidad económica durante la pandemi

La observación y la indagación en estudiantes de grado décimo de la escuela indígena de promoción social Madre Laura de Maicao– La Guajira

En Maicao, departamento de La Guajira, funciona la Escuela Indígena de Promoción Social Madre Laura, una de las dos sedes de la Institución Educativa No 7, con 605 estudiantes, de los cuales 31 cursan el grado Décimo. Esta investigación muestra cómo a través de la observación de reacciones químicas con bebidas gaseosas negras, y la indagación como producto de una observación detallada, permite dar inicio a la caracterización del grupo, de acuerdo al nivel de observación planteado por Santelices (1989) y los niveles de Indagación planteados por Maloka (2003), con el objetivo de diagnosticar el desarrollo de estas habilidades, como parte fundamental del desarrollo de pensamiento científico.Con el desarrollo y análisis del ejercicio, se pudo evidenciar que el nivel de observación de los estudiantes es mínimo, dando lugar a reflexiones que intentan de suplir las falencias en los procesos de enseñanza de las ciencias, orientados con el diseño metodológico de la investigación acción pedagógica, que a través de la reflexión permanente de la práctica educativa pretende identificar situaciones que se conviertan en oportunidad de mejoramiento de la práctica docente, entre las que encontramos la falta de comprensión de conocimientos adquiridos lo que obstaculiza la utilización del mismo en la realización de análisis y la toma de decisiones

Rastreando las características de la vulnerabilidad del crecimiento económico al COVID -19: un análisis preliminar

In response to the global expansion of COVID-19, governments around the world have implemented social distancing measures resulting in an unprecedented fall in economic activity. Consequently, the economic growth forecasts for 2020 have been adjusted downward in most countries, yet the magnitude of the decline has been different. In this article, we examine the economic vulnerability to COVID-19 -measured as the change in GDP growth forecasts for 2020- and its determinants for a sample of 194 countries. We identify the characteristics of the external sector and macroeconomic policy stance that are associated with an increase in economic vulnerability during the pandemic

Determinantes da balança comercial bilateral mexicana: renda, taxa de câmbio e composição das exportações

En este artículo se utilizan modelos dinámicos con datos de panel para estudiar los determinantes del balance comercial bilateral de México con 39 socios comerciales en el periodo 1990-2016. La literatura señala al ingreso y al tipo de cambio real como las variables independientes clave. Asimismo, se incluye la composición de las exportaciones como variable explicativa (algo ignorado previamente). Los resultados difieren de otras investigaciones: no se encuentra evidencia robusta sobre el efecto del ingreso, hay evidencia de la importancia del tipo de cambio real y se encuentra un nexo positivo, aunque débil, con las exportaciones consistentes de bienes de alta tecnología, lo cual explica parcialmente el persistente déficit comercial de México.Using dynamic panel data models, this paper studies the determinants of Mexico’s bilateral trade balance with 39 trade partners from 1990 to 2016. The literature points to income and real exchange rate as key independentvariables. This study includes export composition as an explanatory variable (a previously neglected aspect). Results differ from other researches: there is no robust evidence on the effect of income; there is evidence of the association between bilateral balance and real exchange rate; and there is a weak positive link with exports consisting of high-tech goods, partially explaining Mexico’s persistent trade deficit.Neste artigo, são utilizados modelos dinâmicos de dados em painel a fim de estudar os determinantes da balança comercial bilateral mexicana com 39 parceiros comerciais de 1990 a 2016. A literatura indica que a renda e a taxa de câmbio real são as principais variáveis independentes. Aqui, a composição da exportação é incluída como variável explicativa, o que não era considerado antes. Os resultados diferem de outras pesquisas: não há evidências sólidas sobre o efeito da renda; há evidências da importância da taxa de câmbio real e verifica-se uma associação positiva, embora fraca, com as exportações de bens de alta tecnologia, o que explica parcialmente o persistente déficit comercial do México

Coarse-grained submarine channels: from confined to unconfined flows in the Colombian Caribbean (late Eocene)

Submarine channel mouth settings are hardly preserved in the stratigraphic record. Although they are still poorly known with respect to other segments of turbidite systems, conceptual models are being refined in the light of newdiscoveries inmodern and ancient examples. Still, some questions such as the transition between expansion zones and the traditional Channel-Lobe Transition Zone (CLTZ) remains open in ancient systems. Upper Eocene deposits of the Colombian Caribbean (San Jacinto Fold Belt) are interpreted here as a fan-delta-fed, submarine, coarse-grained channel-lobe system. It displays a well-preserved channel inception stage in the shelf break represented by sigmoidal to lens-shaped gravels, and planar cross-stratified pebbly sandstones (foreset and backset) interpreted as cyclic steps in an expansion zone. In a later stage, a classical channel-levee complex was developed, represented by channel fill elements showing sharp- and erosional-based, fining-upward sequences that aremeters thick, having basal massive matrix-supported pebble conglomerates (hard—extrabasinal—clasts, rip-up clasts, coastal bioclasts), vertically evolving to liquefied massive to planar-laminated coarse-grained sandstones with phytodetrital carbonaceous laminae. They are interpreted as concentrated flow deposits (high-density turbidites) coming from continental areas or from coastal systems (i.e., delta reworking). Undifferentiated channel belt thin-bedded turbidites associated with levees and terraces deposits are related to these confined systems. The channel-lobe transition zone is characterized by debrites from cohesionless debris flow in a channelmouth bar setting, representing bypass processes that developed distally into low-angle, planar cross- and sigmoidally- stratified (upstream antidune) pebble-size to coarse-grained sandstones that fill low-angle scours (cut-and-fill structures) in an antidune field settingwith supercritical conditions.When the currents lose channel confinement, the setting is characterized by changes fromFroude supercritical to subcritical flowconditions in an inner lobe to lobe off-axis environment. Large seasonal fluctuations in precipitation favor high sediment concentrations, promoting the formation of volumetrically significant fan deltas and coarse-grained submarine channels with high erosive capacity; therefore, their record helps refine interpretations of depositional processes, providing criteria for recognizing areas of the turbiditic systems that are hardly preserved. The particular aggradational conditions for the preservation and stratigraphic characterization of the rare exhumed submarine channelmouth systems make it possible to decipher sediment dispersal patterns and thus connect the models proposed here, from supercritical systems to the traditional models of turbiditic systems.National Programfor Doctoral Formation (Minciencias Colombia grants 885-2020, 906-2021)Project PID2019-104625RB-100 (funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033)Project P18-RT-4074 (funded by FEDER/Junta de Andalucía-Consejería de Economía y Conocimiento)Projects B-RNM-072-UGR18 and A-RNM-368-UGR20 (funded by FEDER Andalucía)Funding for open access charge: Universidad de Granada / CBU

Aqua­(1,10-phenanthroline-κ2 N,N′)(valinato-κ2 N,O)copper(II) nitrate dihydrate

In the title compound, [Cu(C5H10NO2)(C12H8N2)(H2O)]NO3·2H2O, the CuII atom displays a distorted square-pyramidal coordination (τ = 0.03) where the water mol­ecule occupies the apical position and the base is defined by the N atom, one of the O atoms from the valinate ligand, and both phenanthroline N atoms. The phenanthroline chelate ring plane is slightly distorted from planarity (r.m.s. deviation = 0.0057 Å), whereas the five-membered ring formed by the valinate ligand presents an envelope conformation with the N atom being the flap atom. The crystal packing is stabilized by O—H⋯O and N—H⋯O hydrogen-bonding inter­actions, creating a three-dimensional network superstructure

ACTITUDES PRO AMBIENTALES EN LOS NIÑOS Y NIÑAS DE SEXTO GRADO. UN APORTE A LA EDUCACIÓN AMBIENTAL EN EL COLEGIO KIMY PERNIA DOMICÓ IED – JM

Este escrito recoge los resultados de la investigación desarrollada en el año 2014 con los estudiantes del curso 603 del IED Kimy Pernía Domicó Jornada Mañana, con el propósito de reconocer y analizar sus actitudes proambientales. El abordaje desde el punto de vista metodológico, se encuadra en la Investigación Acción Educativa; esto con el desarrollo de una etapa inicial de diagnóstico y el desarrollo posterior de tres estrategias para el reconocimiento y análisis  respectivo del componente cognoscitivo, afectivo y connativo de las actitudes proambientales de los niños y las niñas participantes del proceso. La evaluación de la implementación del programa de actividades resultó positiva, en tanto se  reconocen y analizan las actitudes proambientales en los niños y niñas participantes como punto de partida para  el fortalecimiento de sus actitudes y comportamientos frente al ambiente. A la par, las maestras involucradas en el proceso fortalecen sus propias actitudes proambientales y cambian su mirada sobre los estudiantes, el contexto y las propias dinámicas del aula.

Divergent responses to thermogenic stimuli in BAT and subcutaneous adipose tissue from interleukin 18 and interleukin 18 receptor 1-deficient mice

Brown and beige adipocytes recruitment in brown (BAT) or white adipose tissue, mainly in the inguinal fat pad (iWAT), meet the need for temperature adaptation in cold-exposure conditions and protect against obesity in face of hypercaloric diets. Using interleukin18 (Il18) and Il18 receptor 1- knockout (Il18r1-KO) mice, this study aimed to investigate the role of IL18 signaling in BAT and iWAT activation and thermogenesis under both stimuli. Il18-KO, extremely dietary obesity-prone as previously described, failed to develop diet-induced thermogenesis as assessed by BAT and iWAT Ucp1 mRNA levels. Overweight when fed standard chow but not HFD, HFD-fed Il18r1-KO mice exhibited increased iWAT Ucp1 gene expression. Energy expenditure was reduced in pre-obese Il18r1-KO mice and restored upon HFD-challenge. Cold exposure lead to similar results; Il18r1-KO mice were protected against acute body temperature drop, displaying a more brown-like structure, alternative macrophage activation and thermogenic gene expression in iWAT than WT controls. Opposite effects were observed in Il18-KO mice. Thus, Il18 and Il18r1 genetic ablation disparate effects on energy homeostasis are likely mediated by divergent BAT responses to thermogenic stimuli as well as iWAT browning. These results suggest that a more complex receptor-signaling system mediates the IL18 adipose-tissue specific effects in energy expenditure.This work has been supported by European Community (FP7/2007n° 245009: “NeuroFAST”), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (PP and MCGG: BFU2007–62683/BFI and PP, MCGG and CD: CIBERobn (CB06/03)) and Xunta de Galicia Grants (MCGG and LL: PGIDIT06PXIB208067PR and GPC2014/030). CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición is an initiative of ISCIIIS

Nursing Staff Knowledge on the Use of Intraosseous Vascular Access in Out-Of-Hospital Emergencies

In healthcare practice, there may be critically injured patients in whom catheterisation of a peripheral venous access is not possible. In these cases, intraosseous access may be the preferred technique, using an intraosseous vascular access device (IOVA). Such devices can be used for infusion or administration of drugs in the same way as other catheterisations, which improves emergency care times, as it is a procedure that can be performed in seconds to a minute. The aim of this study was to analyse the level of knowledge of nursing staff working in emergency departments regarding the management of the intraosseous vascular access devices. To this end, a cross-sectional online study was carried out using an anonymous questionnaire administered to all professionals working in emergency and critical care units (ECCUs) in Granada district (Spain). The results show that 60% of the participants believe that with the knowledge they have, they would not be able to perform intraosseous vascular access, and 74% of the participants believe that the low use of this device is due to insufficient training. The obtained results suggest that the intraosseous access route, although it is a safe and quick way of achieving venous access in critical situations, is considered a secondary form of access because the knowledge of emergency and critical care professionals is insufficient, given the totality of the participants demanding more training in the management of intraosseous access devices. Therefore, the implementation of theoretical/practical training programmes related to intraosseous access (IO) could promote the continuous training of nurses working in ECCUs, in addition to improving the quality of care in emergency and critical care situations