Antonio Alaminos Chica, Francisco José Francés García, Clemente Penalva Verdú y Óscar Antonio Santacreu Fernández. Introducción a los modelos estructurales en investigación social

Antonio Alaminos Chica, Francisco José Francés García, Clemente Penalva Verdú y Óscar Antonio Santacreu Fernández. Introducción a los modelos estructurales en investigación socia

The Christmas messages from the Spanish monarchy in the 21st century: a reflection of the main issues of the country?

A pesar de la indudable trascendencia de los mensajes que el rey de España dirige a la población cada Nochebuena, la sociología apenas ha abordado su estudio sistemático. El presente artículo pretende paliar en parte esa carencia, explorando la manera en que dichos mensajes reflejan los principales problemas de España, recogidos regularmente por el Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas en sus barómetros. A tal fin, se recurre a la técnica del análisis de contenido, de marcado carácter cuantitativo. Los resultados revelan que las referencias a los problemas de España ocupan algo menos de la mitad de la extensión total de los mensajes, y que el dimensionamiento de los distintos problemas es bastante desigual. Esta desigualdad parece obedecer a una estrategia monárquica de legitimación institucional y mantenimiento del statu quo.Despite the undeniable importance of the speeches that the King of Spain addresses to the citizenry every Christmas Eve, sociologists have barely dealt with its study in a systematic way. This paper aims to remedy this lack, exploring how these speeches reflect the main public concerns of Spain, regularly collected by the Center for Sociological Research in their barometers. To this end, a highly quantitative analysis content technique has been applied. The survey results reveal that references to the concerns occupy slightly less than half of the total length of the speeches, and the ratio of the various issues is quite uneven. This observed imbalance seems to respond to a monarchical strategy of institutional legitimation and maintenance of the status quo

Productivity and Collaboration Networks in the Main Spanish Sociology Journals: A Gender-Based Analysis of the Period 2001-2020

La presente investigación tiene como objetivo aplicar la perspectiva de género al estudio de la productividad y la colaboración científica en las principales revistas españolas de sociología. Para ello se ha analizado, mediante técnicas propias de la bibliometría y el análisis de redes sociales, la autoría de 3171 documentos publicados en dichas revistas durante el período 2001-2020. Partiendo de un abrumador predominio masculino, los resultados muestran una tendencia constante hacia la paridad, aunque esta solo se alcanza durante el lustro 2016-2020, y no en todos los indicadores. En conclusión, los avances en materia de género en la sociología española son todavía parciales, si bien no cabe responsabilizar de ello al sistema de vigilancia de la ciencia.The aim of this piece of research is to study productivity and scientific collaboration in the main Spanish sociology journals from a gender perspective. The authorship of 3171 documents published in these journals during the period 2001-2020 was analysed using bibliometric and social network analysis techniques. While there was an overwhelming male dominance at the start of the period, the results show a steady trend towards parity; however, this was only achieved during the 2016-2020 period, and not in all indicators. In conclusion, gender advances in sociology research have only partially come to fruition in Spain, but the scholarly monitoring system cannot be held accountable for this

Inclusive education: a necessary good, or a pending issue?

Este trabajo trata sobre los resultados de la inclusión en la enseñanza de alumnos y alumnas con discapacidad en España desde los años 90 hasta la actualidad. La metodología utilizada se basó en dos estrategias: en primer lugar se realiza una revisión de la literatura y la legislación relacionada con la inclusión educativa, y luego una explotación de los datos estadísticos disponibles en la actualidad a partir de la Estadística de las Enseñanzas no Universitarias. Posteriormente se discuten los resultados para concluir con una propuesta de reconversión de los actualmente conocidos como “Centros de Educación Especial” en Centros de referencia comunitaria para la Inclusión Educativa.This paper deals with the results of inclusive education of students with disabilities in Spain since the 90s until today. The methodology was based on two strategies: first a review of the literature and legislation related to educational inclusion, and then a statistical analysis from the Statistics of non-University Education. The results are discussed to close up with a proposal for conversion of the "Special Education Centers" in Community Centers for Educational Inclusion reference

Effect of various extraction systems on the antioxidant activity kinetic and color of extracts from purple corn

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of extraction systems on the anthocyanin index, antioxidant kinetics (DPPH-radical scavenging capacity) and color of purple corn (Zea mays) seeds. The factors studied were: extraction system (methanol, 100%, 80%, 60%, 40, 20% v/v) using hydrochloric acid as a means of acidifying. Tristimulus colorimetry was applied to evaluate quantitatively and qualitatively the process. The estimated effect and ANOVA parameters were calculated. The anthocyanins index in different extraction systems was between 1.09 to 2.87 mg/g. The highest anthocyanin index was obtained at an extraction system of 100% methanol. To determine their radical scavenging capacity, the second-order rate constant for the oxidation of these extraction systems measured by the DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical) method, ranged from 1.19x10-2 to 1.27x10-2 (mg/mL)-1(s-1). The greatest second-order rate constant was obtained at an extraction system of 60% methanol. Regarding the simple regressions analysis the anthocyanin index showed a better relationship with CIELAB parameters: (L*; r =-0.928, p < 0.05), (a*; r = 0.982, p < 0.01), (b*; r = 0.927, p < 0.05), (C*ab; r = 0.9793, p < 0.01) and (hab; r = -0.936, p < 0.05). However, the correlation existing between color parameters and the second-order rate constant did not show a good relationship. When multiple linear regression analysis were applied considering the angular coordinates (L*, C*ab, hab) as independent variable values, a R2 nearing 1 was obtained for anthocyanins index. While a value of R2 = 0.63 was obtained for the second-order rate constant

Robust Approaches for Fuzzy Clusterwise Regression Based on Trimming and Constraints

Three different approaches for robust fuzzy clusterwise regression are reviewed. They are all based on the simultaneous application of trimming and constraints. The first one follows from the joint modeling of the response and explanatory variables through a normal component fitted in each cluster. The second one assumes normally distributed error terms conditional on the explanatory variables while the third approach is an extension of the Cluster Weighted Model. A fixed proportion of “most outlying” observations are trimmed. The use of appropriate constraints turns these problem into mathematically well-defined ones and, additionally, serves to avoid the detection of non-interesting or “spurious” linear clusters. The third proposal is specially appealing because it is able to protect us against outliers in the explanatory variables which may act as “bad leverage” points. Feasible and practical algorithms are outlined. Their performances, in terms of robustness, are illustrated in some simple simulated examples.Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, grant MTM2017-86061-C2-1-P, and by Consejería de Educación de la Junta de Castilla y León and FEDER, grant VA005P17 and VA002G18

Comments on “The power of monitoring: how to make the most of a contaminated multivariate sample”

These are comments on the invited paper “The power of monitoring: How to make the most of a contaminated multivariate sample” by Andrea Cerioli, Marco Riani, Anthony Atkinson and Aldo Corbellini.Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, grant MTM2017-86061-C2-1-P, and by Consejería de Educación de la Junta de Castilla y León and FEDER, grant VA005P17 and VA002G18