Virtualización del Título Propio en Olivicultura y Elaiotecnia. Elaboración de Materiales

Es conocido que España es primer país productor de aceite de oliva del mundo, con un 40 % de la producción mundial y el 50 % de la producción de la Unión Europea, siendo la provincia de Jaén, con el 38,4 % de la producción española, la mayor zona productora del mundo en aceite de oliva. Sin embargo, se trata de un sector en el que la escasa profesionalización es, tal vez, su mayor debilidad.La Universidad de Jaén, consciente del importante papel que ha de jugar como Institución dinamizadora del desarrollo de su entorno, en el que el sector del olivar y del aceite de oliva tiene una enorme importancia, considera que es urgente formar titulados universitarios de grado superior que posean conocimientos integrales y solventes en olivicultura y elaiotecnia de modo que incorporados a las empresas del sector del olivar y el aceite de oliva o creando las suyas propias, lo modernicen y desarrollen, contribuyendo a dotarlo de cultura empresarial y al desarrollo socioeconómico y, por ende, al bienestar de los ciudadanos de la provincia

Early mobilisation in critically ill COVID-19 patients: a subanalysis of the ESICM-initiated UNITE-COVID observational study

Background Early mobilisation (EM) is an intervention that may improve the outcome of critically ill patients. There is limited data on EM in COVID-19 patients and its use during the first pandemic wave. Methods This is a pre-planned subanalysis of the ESICM UNITE-COVID, an international multicenter observational study involving critically ill COVID-19 patients in the ICU between February 15th and May 15th, 2020. We analysed variables associated with the initiation of EM (within 72 h of ICU admission) and explored the impact of EM on mortality, ICU and hospital length of stay, as well as discharge location. Statistical analyses were done using (generalised) linear mixed-effect models and ANOVAs. Results Mobilisation data from 4190 patients from 280 ICUs in 45 countries were analysed. 1114 (26.6%) of these patients received mobilisation within 72 h after ICU admission; 3076 (73.4%) did not. In our analysis of factors associated with EM, mechanical ventilation at admission (OR 0.29; 95% CI 0.25, 0.35; p = 0.001), higher age (OR 0.99; 95% CI 0.98, 1.00; p ≤ 0.001), pre-existing asthma (OR 0.84; 95% CI 0.73, 0.98; p = 0.028), and pre-existing kidney disease (OR 0.84; 95% CI 0.71, 0.99; p = 0.036) were negatively associated with the initiation of EM. EM was associated with a higher chance of being discharged home (OR 1.31; 95% CI 1.08, 1.58; p = 0.007) but was not associated with length of stay in ICU (adj. difference 0.91 days; 95% CI − 0.47, 1.37, p = 0.34) and hospital (adj. difference 1.4 days; 95% CI − 0.62, 2.35, p = 0.24) or mortality (OR 0.88; 95% CI 0.7, 1.09, p = 0.24) when adjusted for covariates. Conclusions Our findings demonstrate that a quarter of COVID-19 patients received EM. There was no association found between EM in COVID-19 patients' ICU and hospital length of stay or mortality. However, EM in COVID-19 patients was associated with increased odds of being discharged home rather than to a care facility. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04836065 (retrospectively registered April 8th 2021)

Study of the effect of olive mill waste >Alperujo> addition on the persistence of diuron in olive groves

[ES]: El objetivo de este trabajo ha sido estudiar el efecto de la aplicación de alperujo (residuo de almazara) sobre la persistencia y el movimiento del herbicida diuron [3-(3,4-diclorofenil)-1,1-dimetilurea] en un olivar en Mengíbar (Jaén, España). La parcela se dividió en 2 subparcelas, un en la que no se aplicó enmienda al suelo y otra donde se aplicó alperujo (18000 kg ha -1 ). Tras la aplicación del herbicida a una dosis de 2 kg/ha se tomaron muestras de suelo por triplicado en cada subparcela, a distintas profundidades y distintos días desde la aplicación de diuron. Después de secar, limpiar las muestras de suelo y tamizarlas, se procedió a la extracción de diuron con metanol y se analizó por HPLC. Se observó una mayor cantidad de diurón en el suelo enmendado que en el suelo no enmendado en todas las muestras. Sin embargo, la movilidad de diuron no aumentó con el tiempo en el suelo enmendado. [EN]: The aim of this work was to study the effect of >alperujo> (olive mill waste) on the persistence and the mobility of the herbicide diuron [3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea] in an olive grove from Mengíbar (Jaén, Spain). The plot was divided in two subplots, one where no amendement was applied and another one where >alperujo> was applied to the soil (18.000 kg ha -1 ). After herbicide application at a rate of 2 kg/ha, three replicates of soil were sampled at each subplot, at different depths and different days after diuron application. After drying, cleaning and sieving samples diuron was extracted with methanol and the extracts were analyzed by HPLC. Higher amounts of diuron were recovered from amended soil than from non amended soil in every sample. However, diuron mobility in amen-ded soil did not increase with time.Este trabajo ha sido financiado por el Proyecto AGL 2007-65771-C02-01 del MICINN y el grupo de investigación RNM 124 de la Junta de Andalucía. Alegría Cabrera agradece al MICINN la concesión de una beca FPI.Peer Reviewe

Field appraisement of olive mills solid waste application in olive crops: Effect on herbicide retention

The aim of this work was to study the effect of soil application of a solid waste from olive oil production (alperujo) on diuron and terbuthylazine retention in the field. Laboratory sorption experiments of the herbicides in unamended soil and soil amended with alperujo (A) or composted alperujo (CA) were performed, and a field study was conducted for 2 consecutive years. Three subplots composed of four olive trees were randomly selected from a 50-ha olive grove (SE Spain) for three different treatments: soil without amendment (S plots), soil amended with uncomposted alperujo (S + A plots) and soil amended with composted alperujo (S + CA plots). Uncomposted alperujo was applied to S + A plots during 4 consecutive years at the rate of 18 Mg ha-1 and composted alperujo was applied to S + CA plots for the first time on April 2005 at the rate of 8 Mg ha-1. On April 2006, 15 Mg ha-1 of A was applied to S + A plots, and 13 Mg ha-1 of CA was applied to S + CA plots. Manual application of both A and CA was followed by soil tillage to a 5 cm depth. A commercial herbicide formulation (28.5% diuron and 28.5% terbuthylazine) was applied to S, S + A and S + CA subplots and soils were sampled periodically at 0-10, 10-20 and 20-30 cm depth and extracted for their herbicide content. Results from laboratory studies indicated higher herbicide sorption upon amendment with both A and CA when compared to unamended soil. Field studies revealed higher amounts of diuron and terbuthylazine in every plot and almost all sampling dates in the first 10 cm of soil. Soil amendment with alperujo gave rise to higher amounts of herbicide in the soil when compared to unamended soil, and this is specially significant in the case of the herbicide diuron and plots amended with uncomposted alperujo.This work has been partially financed by Projects AGL 2004-05818 and AGL 2007-65771 from the Spanish MEC and Research Group RNM 124 and Projects P06-AGR-1565 and P07-AGR-03077 of Junta de Andalucía. Alegría Cabrera thanks the MEC for her FPI fellowship.Peer Reviewe

Estudio del efecto de la adición de alperujo sobre la persis­tencia de diuron en el cultivo del olivar Study of the effect of olive mill waste "alperujo" addition on the persis­tence of diuron in olive groves

El objetivo de este trabajo ha sido estu­diar el efecto de la aplicación de alperujo (residuo de almazara) sobre la persisten­cia y el movimiento del herbicida diuron [3-(3,4-diclorofenil)-1,1-dimetilurea] en un olivar en Mengíbar (Jaén, España). La parcela se dividió en 2 subparcelas, un en la que no se aplicó enmienda al suelo y otra donde se aplicó alperujo (18000 kg ha-1). Tras la aplicación del herbicida a una dosis de 2 kg/ha se tomaron muestras de suelo por triplicado en cada subparce­la, a distintas profundidades y distintos días desde la aplicación de diuron. Des­pués de secar, limpiar las muestras de sue-lo y tamizarlas, se procedió a la extrac­ción de diuron con metanol y se analizó por HPLC. Se observó una mayor canti­dad de diurón en el suelo enmendado que en el suelo no enmendado en todas las muestras. Sin embargo, la movilidad de diuron no aumentó con el tiempo en el suelo enmendado.The aim of this work was to study the ef­fect of "alperujo" (olive mill waste) on the persistence and the mobility of the herbicide diuron [3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dime­thylurea] in an olive grove from Mengíbar (Jaén, Spain). The plot was divided in two subplots, one where no amendement was applied and another one where "alperujo" was applied to the soil (18.000 kg ha-1). Af­ter herbicide application at a rate of 2 kg/ha, three replicates of soil were sampled at each subplot, at different depths and different days after diuron application. After drying, cleaning and sieving samples diuron was extracted with methanol and the extracts were analyzed by HPLC. Higher amounts of diuron were recovered from amended soil than from non amended soil in every sam­ple. However, diuron mobility in amen-ded soil did not increase with time

Porous Titanium Surfaces to Control Bacteria Growth: Mechanical Properties and Sulfonated Polyetheretherketone Coatings as Antibiofouling Approaches

Here, titanium porous substrates were fabricated by a space holder technique. The relationship between microstructural characteristics (pore equivalent diameter, mean free-path between pores, roughness and contact surface), mechanical properties (Young’s modulus, yield strength and dynamic micro-hardness) and bacterial behavior are discussed. The bacterial strains evaluated are often found on dental implants: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The colony-forming units increased with the size of the spacer for both types of studied strains. An antibiofouling synthetic coating based on a sulfonated polyetheretherketone polymer revealed an effective chemical surface modification for inhibiting MRSA adhesion and growth. These findings collectively suggest that porous titanium implants designed with a pore size of 100–200 µm can be considered most suitable, assuring the best biomechanical and bifunctional anti-bacterial properties

Co-infection and ICU-acquired infection in COIVD-19 ICU patients: a secondary analysis of the UNITE-COVID data set

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic presented major challenges for critical care facilities worldwide. Infections which develop alongside or subsequent to viral pneumonitis are a challenge under sporadic and pandemic conditions; however, data have suggested that patterns of these differ between COVID-19 and other viral pneumonitides. This secondary analysis aimed to explore patterns of co-infection and intensive care unit-acquired infections (ICU-AI) and the relationship to use of corticosteroids in a large, international cohort of critically ill COVID-19 patients.Methods: This is a multicenter, international, observational study, including adult patients with PCR-confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis admitted to ICUs at the peak of wave one of COVID-19 (February 15th to May 15th, 2020). Data collected included investigator-assessed co-infection at ICU admission, infection acquired in ICU, infection with multi-drug resistant organisms (MDRO) and antibiotic use. Frequencies were compared by Pearson's Chi-squared and continuous variables by Mann-Whitney U test. Propensity score matching for variables associated with ICU-acquired infection was undertaken using R library MatchIT using the "full" matching method.Results: Data were available from 4994 patients. Bacterial co-infection at admission was detected in 716 patients (14%), whilst 85% of patients received antibiotics at that stage. ICU-AI developed in 2715 (54%). The most common ICU-AI was bacterial pneumonia (44% of infections), whilst 9% of patients developed fungal pneumonia; 25% of infections involved MDRO. Patients developing infections in ICU had greater antimicrobial exposure than those without such infections. Incident density (ICU-AI per 1000 ICU days) was in considerable excess of reports from pre-pandemic surveillance. Corticosteroid use was heterogenous between ICUs. In univariate analysis, 58% of patients receiving corticosteroids and 43% of those not receiving steroids developed ICU-AI. Adjusting for potential confounders in the propensity-matched cohort, 71% of patients receiving corticosteroids developed ICU-AI vs 52% of those not receiving corticosteroids. Duration of corticosteroid therapy was also associated with development of ICU-AI and infection with an MDRO.Conclusions: In patients with severe COVID-19 in the first wave, co-infection at admission to ICU was relatively rare but antibiotic use was in substantial excess to that indication. ICU-AI were common and were significantly associated with use of corticosteroids