4,418 research outputs found
The Study of the Scale through Space. Teaching Innovation Experience among Architecture Schools: Malaga, Seville and Palermo
The educational innovation project object of this communication focuses on the scale
problems that arise in the projects of territorial planning carried out in architecture schools, but also
in the loss of the scale concept related to thought and drawing. The project involved collaboration
among the Schools of Architecture of Malaga, Palermo and Seville with the aim of carrying out a
practical exercise among the students of two subjects that, working on different scales, addressed
similar concepts. In particular, following an PBL methodology based on collaborative projects, the
planning of the N-340 road in the city of Nerja (Málaga) was carried out. Firstly, the territorial scale
is addressed in the subject of Urbanism IV at the School of Architecture of Malaga, proposing the
continuity of its development at the scale of landscape design in another place and with other
designers of the course of Landscape Laboratory at the School of Architecture of Palermo. Besides,
having verified that the academic results have been -in general terms- more satisfactory, the project
has allowed consolidating the academic relationship between the three schools, which has
translated into the development of complementary training actions
Modeling changes in the tidal propagation and its implication for vessel navigation in Guadalquivir estuary ( Spain)
The Port of Seville is an inland harbour located in the Guadalquivir Estuary some 80 km
from the river mouth and is the unique Spanish inland port. Vessel traffic in the estuary is
a relevant economic activity and a suitable trade-off between vessel draught and safety to
prevent ship aground is required and to optimize the port operability. The Guadalquivir is
a mesotidal estuary with tidal range of 2-3 m, an important fraction of the minimum depth
of the navigation waterway (presently 6.5m). Upstream navigation is favoured around
high water as the tide progresses at 12 knots, which is comparable to the vessel speed,
thus allowing greater vessel draughts. Oceanwards navigation of heavy vessels, on the
contrary, is hampered by the tide because a low water is unavoidably met when heading
downstream.
A 3D, high resolution hydrodynamic model has been implemented in the whole estuary to
study the tidal propagation. The model is forced by the oceanic tide at the mouth and
freshwater discharges controlled by an upstream dam at the head. It has been satisfactorily
validated and predicts tidal oscillations with high accuracy (less than 4 cm in amplitude
and 20 min in phase everywhere in the estuary). Based on the model outputs of tidal
heights and currents and using present-day estuary bathymetry, a MATLAB application
has been developed for shipping planning (Vessel Traffic Decision Support System,
VTDSS). The application allows the final users to test different traffic scheduling
scenarios in order to assess the effects on navigational patterns and explore possible
management and policy scenarios under sea level rise and changes in tidal propagation. A
description of the model and an overview of the VTDSS are presented here; the
effectiveness as a decision support tool is demonstrated via the simulated navigation time
of several vessels.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech.
Autoridad Portuaria de Sevill
Hydrodynamic changes in Guadalquivir estuary (Spain) due to a hypothetical tidal marsh restoration project
Tidal marsh restoration will be an important management issue in Guadalquivir Estuary in the
near future. The Guadalquivir Estuary has been anthropologically modified several times, the river
is bounded by embankments to protect rice and cotton plantations from tidal inundation, the
meanders have been transformed into straight sections, about 80 % of the original marsh surface
has been lost and approximately one-fourth of the total surface of the estuary is now part of two
protected areas, one of them is a UNESCO, MAB Biosphere Reserve.
A hypothetical restoration of tidal marshes will benefits different species and functions based on
location, elevation, adjacent habitats, degree of hydrodynamic connectivity and would reduce the
present high levels of turbidity. The restoration projects should be accompanied by studies for a
better understanding of the environmental changes expected.
A Large-scale construction of tidal marsh will change tidal dynamics, modify the tidal inundation
regime and the freshwater flow over the surrounding areas. A hydrodynamic model has been
developed to study changes in the tidal propagation and the flow regime due to a hypothetical
marsh restoration.
The model has been calibrated and the output has been validated with in situ water elevation and
good agreement between modelled and real measurements have been obtained. A sensitivity test
changing the size, locations from the estuary mouth and depth has been carried out to highlights
impacts over the tidal propagation, flow regime, salinity intrusion and the tidal inundation regime.
Our preliminary results show that the tidal elevation and the current speed will be considerably
affected in the estuary. The model open the possibility to study interactions among the tidal marsh
restoration project, Seville port operations, fisheries and agricultural activities. The numerical
model will be a powerful tool in restoration projects in a complex socio-ecological system.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech.
Autoridad Portuaria de Sevill
3D hydrodynamic model as a tool for more efficient port management and operations.
Ports have been attempting to increase their competitiveness by enhancing their productivity and operate in a more environmentally friendly way. The Port of Seville is located in the Guadalquivir River in the south of Spain and it is the unique Spanish inland port. The estuary has generated and is still generating conflicts of interests. The access channel to the port is being periodically dredged, the natural course has been anthropologically modified several times, original salt marshes have been transformed to grow rice and approximately one-fourth of the total surface of the estuary is now part of two protected areas, one of them is a UNESCO_MAB Biosphere Reserve. Despite its socio-economic and environmental significance there is a surprising lack of scientific and technical information about the environmental interactions between the port activities and the Guadalquivir estuary stakeholders.
A 3D hydrodynamic model has been developed to study the tidal regime, water circulation, temperature and salinity distributions, flooding areas and the sediment dynamics in the estuary. The model output has been validated with in situ current speed, direction, water elevation and also with temperature and salinity measurements. Good agreement between modeled and real measurements have been obtained. Our preliminary results show that the vessel traffic management could be improved by using the tidal elevations and currents calculated by the model in the whole estuary. The interactions among the port activities (mainly due of changes in the sediments dynamics), the watershed management and the saline intrusion evolution will be studied in detail.
3D Hydrodynamic Modelling provide spatially explicit information on the key variables governing the dynamics of estuarine areas. The numerical model is a powerful tool to effectively guide the management and operations of ports located in a complex socio-ecological systems.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech
El capital social como enfoque teórico en Dirección Estratégica
[EN] The objective of this research paper is to investigate, from a theoretical point of view, the strategic relevance of social capital. In recent years, academic literature in this field has witnessed remarkable growth, recognizing social capital as a key element for companies, due to its contribution to the creation of competitive advantages. However, it might be said that its development is still emerging, given the number of discrepancies among researchers regarding its definition, measurement, and its positive or negative impact on other variables. For this reason, a set of empirical studies that show the social capital effect on diverse types of organizational results have been reviewed, taking as a reference the definition and dimensions proposed by Nahapiet and Ghoshal (1998).
Additionally, different theoretical links between social capital and four related Strategic Management approaches are presented, such as the Intellectual Capital-Based View, the Knowledge-Based View, the Resource-Based View and the Dynamic Resource-Based View. A main conclusion drawn from this review is that social capital, being a knowledge-based resource, enables access to both internal and external resources and thus a firm’s competitive advantage and, consequently, its value creation can be generated from the combination of both areas. Going in depth and clarifying this strategic linkage are thus a challenge to address in future studies.[ES] El principal objetivo de este trabajo es mostrar la relevancia estratégica del capital social organizacional desde un punto de vista teórico. En los últimos años, la literatura académica relacionada con este concepto ha experimentado un notable crecimiento, reconociendo que el capital social es un elemento fundamental para que las empresas generen ventajas competitivas. Sin embargo, se podría afirmar que su desarrollo es todavía incipiente al existir multitud de discrepaciancias entre los investigadores acerca de su conceptuación, la medición de sus dimensiones o los efectos positivos o negativos que podría tener sobre otras variables. Por este motivo, tomando como referencia la definición y dimensiones propuestas por Nahapiet y Ghoshal (1998), se ha realizado una revisión de las investigaciones que, de manera empírica, han estudiado las relaciones entre el capital social y distintos tipos de resultados organizacionales. Igualmente, se exponen diferentes nexos teóricos encontrados entre el capital social y los principales enfoques en Dirección Estratégica como son Enfoque Basado en el Capital Intelectual, el Enfoque Basado en el Conocimiento, el Enfoque Basado en los Recursos y el Enfoque Basado en las Capacidades dinámicas. Se concluye que el capital social, como recurso basado en el conocimiento, podría permitir el acceso a otros recursos internos o externos, y que la creación de valor y la generación de ventajas competitivas de una empresa puede provenir de la combinación de ambos ámbitos. Así, futuros estudios deben encaminarse hacia la profundización y clarificación de este nexo estratégico
Heat fluxes between the Guadalquivir river and the Gulf of Cádiz Continental Shelf
An 18-year time series of daily sea surface temperature of Gulf of Cadiz and an 18-month time series of temperature collected in the vicinity of the Guadalquivir estuary mouth have been analyzed to investigate the heat exchange between the estuary and the adjacent continental shelf. The first time identifies a continental shelf area where seasonal thermal oscillation signal (amplitudes and phase) changes abruptly.
In order to explain this anomaly, the second data set allows a description of thermal fluctuations in a wide range of frequencies and an estimation of the upstream heat budget of the Guadalquivir estuary. Results show that high frequency thermal signal, diurnal and semidiurnal, and water flux signal through Guadalquivir mouth, mainly semidiurnal, apparently interact randomly to give a small exchange of thermal energy at high frequency. There is no trace, at the estuary's mouth, of daily heat exchanges with intertidal mudflats probably because it tends to cancel on daily time scales. Results also show that fluctuations of estimated air-sea fluxes force fluctuations of temperature in a quite homogeneous estuarine, with a delay of 20 days. The along-channel thermal energy gradient reaches magnitudes of 300-400 J m-4 near the mouth during the summer and winter and drives the estuary-shelf exchange of thermal energy at seasonal scale. Particularly, the thermal heat imported by the estuary from the shelf area during late fall-winter-early spring of 2008/2009 is balanced by the thermal heat that the estuary exports to the shelf area during late spring-summer of 2008. In summary, Guadalquivir river removes/imports excess of thermal energy towards/from the continental shelf seasonally, as a mechanism to accommodate excess of heat from one side respect to the other side.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech. Autoridad Portuaria de Sevilla (APS
Farmland bird assemblages exhibit higher functional and phylogenetic diversity than forest assemblages in France
Aim: Under a global change scenario, research focused on changes in assembly patterns over spatial and temporal axes is more than timely as it will improve our understanding about how biological communities respond to anthropogenic disturbance. Despite an increasing need to assess whether associations among diversity and community metrics change in relation to environmental heterogeneity, the way in which community assembly rules vary across habitats has been hardly explored. Here, we tested for differences in patterns of functional diversity (FD) and phylogenetic diversity (PD) between farmland and forest bird communities.
Taxon: 107 species of breeding common birds.
Location: continental France.
Methods: We used an extensive dataset (13 years; 7,115 bird communities) from the French Breeding Bird survey in conjunction with a matrix of 142 functional traits (including information on habitat, diet, life-stories, behaviour, and morphology) to compute different metrics of FD and PD.
Results: We found that farmland assemblages showed higher FD and PD than forest assemblages, which were phylogenetically clustered. Both FD and PD of forest assemblages increased with increasing species richness, whereas in farmland assemblages the relationship turned out to be asymptotic in both cases. It may be due to the accumulation of generalists, which can end up displacing specialist species when the environment becomes oversaturated triggering a decline in diversity. Contrary to expectations, FD and PD of farmland assemblages increased over the study period, whereas forest assemblages showed a non-linear pattern. Farmland and forest assemblages also showed divergent trajectories over time in relation to FD metrics.
Main conclusions: We conclude that, although farmland intensification has led to a sharp decline in population of farmland birds, agriculture landscapes in Southern Europe still harbor diversity-rich communities probably due to the legacy effects of past land-use (traditional practices). Our study highlights the need to take into account the influence of historic landscape configurations when assessing the effect that contemporary land uses have on biotic communities. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Environmental and Within-Nest Factors Influencing Nestling-Feeding Patterns of Mediterranean Blue Tits (Cyanistes caeruleus)
[EN] The rate at which parent birds deliver food to their young may depend on several factors, both intrinsic (e.g., brood demand) and extrinsic (e.g., time of day). Using PIT tags, we determined patterns of nestling provisioning in the Blue Tit (Cyanistes caeruleus) and the proximate factors affecting them. Over 3 years, we monitored the rates of provisioning by Blue Tits in two types of forest (evergreen and deciduous) in Cabañeros National Park (Spain). Pairs breeding in the deciduous forest visited the nest at rates higher than did those in the evergreen forest. Contrary to expectation, males fed their offspring more than females did, and the rates of feeding were positively related to those of the social partner. Sex roles in provisioning were consistent through the day, suggesting that parents did not work in concert. Provisioning rates also tended to decline through the day and were negatively correlated with ambient temperature. In females, but not in males, the adult's body condition was negatively related to provisioning effort. There was no relationship between nestlings' condition and parental provisioning rates. We found a strong correlation between hourly feeding rates and the total number of feedings registered over a 24-hr period, which indicates that short-term samples are representative of what occurs over a longer time. Overall, our study represents a significant contribution to the understanding of proximate factors influencing parental provisioning strategies in altricial birds with biparental care. [ES] La frecuencia con la cual las aves proporcionan alimento a sus crías puede depender de varios factores, tanto intrínsecos (e.g., demanda de la nidada) como extrínsecos (e.g., hora del día). Aquí, nosotros determinamos los patrones de aprovisionamiento de Cyanistes caeruleus y los factores próximos que los determinan mediante el uso de microchips. Durante un período de estudio de 3 años, seguimos las tasas de aprovisionamiento de C. caeruleus en dos tipos de bosque (un hábitat esclerófilo y otro deciduo) dentro del Parque Nacional de Cabañeros (España central). Las parejas que crían en el bosque deciduo visitaron el nido a tasas más elevadas que aquellas que lo hicieron en el bosque esclerófilo. En contra de lo esperado, los machos alimentaron a su descendencia con mayor frecuencia que las hembras y sus tasas de alimentación se relacionaron positivamente con las de su pareja. El papel de los sexos en el aprovisionamiento de los polluelos fue consistente durante el transcurso del día, sugiriendo que los padres no realizan dicha labor de forma coordinada. Las tasas de aprovisionamiento tendieron a disminuir con el progreso de la jornada y se relacionaron de forma negativa con la temperature ambiente. En las hembras, pero no así en los machos, la condición corporal de los adultos se relacionó negativamente con el esfuerzo de aprovisionamiento. No hubo relación entre la condición de los polluelos y las tasas de aprovisionamiento de los padres. Finalmente, encontramos una fuerte correlación entre las tasas de alimentación horarias y el número total de visitas al nido registrado durante un periodo de 24 horas, lo cual indica que las muestras a corto plazo son representativas de lo que ocurre en un periodo de tiempo más largo. En conjunto, nuestro estudio supone una contribución significativa al conocimiento de los factores próximos que influyen en las estrategias de aprovisionamiento de los padres en aves altriciales con cuidado biparental.Peer reviewe
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