Novedades en la residencia temporal, el arraigo y otras circunstancias excepcionales para residir legalmente en España tras las reformas en la Ley y el Reglamento de Extranjería.

Este trabajo analiza el nuevo marco jurídico derivado de las últimas reformas de la Ley y el Reglamento de Extranjería en materia de residencia temporal no lucrativa, y los principales supuestos de residencia por circunstancias excepcionales, dejando al margen -por su especificidad- el arraigo de las mujeres extranjeras víctimas de violencia de género del art. 31 bis de la Ley. El legislador mejora la sistemática, precisa los requi-sitos, en especial, los medios económicos y apela a la situación nacional de empleo co-mo posible razón para limitar el arraigo social; criterios económicos que flexibiliza la jurisprudencia tanto legalmente en los casos de arraigo del art. 31.3 de la Ley Orgánica 2/2009, de 11 de diciembre (en adelante LOEx), como en su desarrollo reglamentario (RD 557/2011 de 20 de abril, en adelante RELOEx)

Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells transplantation produces a tissue recovery in hydrocephalic mice

In congenital hydrocephalus, cerebrospinal fluid accumulation is associated to ischemia/hypoxia, metabolic impairment, neuronal damage and astrocytic reaction, which cause significant mortality and life-long neurological complications. Currently, there are no effective therapies for congenital hydrocephalus. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSC) are considered as a potential therapeutic tool for neurodegenerative diseases due to their ability for migrating and producing neuroprotector factors when they are transplanted. The aim of this research was to study the ability of BM-MSC to reach the degenerated regions and to detect their neuroprotector effects, using an animal model of congenital hydrocephalus, the hyh mouse. Fluorescent BM-MSC were analyzed by flow-cytometry and multilineage cell differentiation. BM-MSC were brain-ventricle injected into hyh mice. Wild-type and saline-injected hyh mice were used as controls. Inmunohistochemical, RT-PCR and High Resolution Magic Angle Spinning spectroscopy (HRMAS) analyses were carried out. After administration, integrated BM-MSC were identified inside the periventricular astrocyte reaction. They were detected producing glial-derived neuroprotector factor (GDNF), neural growth factor (NGF), and brain-derived neuroprotector factor (BDNF). Tissue recovery was detected with a reduction of apoptotic cells in the periventricular walls and of the levels of glutamate, glutamine, taurine, and creatine, all of them markers of tissue damage in hydrocephalus.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech. ISCIII PI15/00619 y FEDE

A metabolite profile reveals the presence of neurodegenerative conditions according to severity of hydrocephalus

Introduction: In obstructive congenital hydrocephalus, cerebrospinal fluid accumulation is associated with high intracranial pressure (ICP), ischemia/hypoxia, metabolic impairment, neuronal damage and astrocytic reaction. The hyh mutant mice exhibit two different forms of hydrocephalus evolution: severe and moderate. A study was carried out in hyh mice to detect a metabolite profile that define the tissue response in each hydrocephalus form. Methods: Metabolites levels in brain cortex were analyzed with 1H High Resolution Magic Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H HR-MAS) spectroscopy. The study was complemented with ICP recording and histopathological analysis. Results: Mice with severe hydrocephalus were found to have higher ICP and stronger astrocytic reaction. Several metabolites including glutamate and glutamine were found to correlate with the severity of hydrocephalus. The whole metabolite profile may be explained based in differential astrocyte reactions, neurodegenerative and ischemic conditions. The glutamate transporter EAAT2 and the metabolite taurine were found as key histopathological markers for the damaged parenchyma. Conclusions: Spectroscopy allowed the detection of a metabolite profile related to intracranial pressure and hydrocephalus severity, and therefore can be useful to monitor the efficacy of experimental therapies. Supported by Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech, and PI15/0619 (ISCIII/FEDER).Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech. Supported by Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech, and PI15/0619 (ISCIII/FEDER)

El mercado del libro en España 1989-2006. Un análisis económico

Mientras la literatura económica ofrece diversos estudios sobre las características del mercado del libro en otros países europeos, no existen estudios recientes sobre el mercado del libro en España desde un punto de vista económico. El presente artículo, ofrece una breve perspectiva de la industria de la edición de libros en España, a continuación exponemos aspectos teóricos sobre las características del mercado del libro, para finalizar con un modelo explicativo de la demanda de libros en los últimos 18 años. Para ello, utilizamos los datos proporcionados por el Ministerio de Cultura, la Federación de Gremios de Editores de España y el Instituto Nacional de Estadística.Whereas, economic literature provides some studies of the Book Publishing Industry in some European countries, there are no recent studies of the Spanish Book Market from an economic point of view. In this article we offer, firstly, a brief overview about Spanish Book Publishing Industry, secondly, we study some theoretical approaches to book market and finally we analyze the main factors that have determined book demand in the last 18 years. In this paper, we use data sources from the Ministry of Culture, Spanish Publishers Association, and the National Statistic Institute

¿Supone un cambio significativo en el préstamo interbibliotecario el aumento de las colecciones online?

Data interlibrary loan (ILL), after having access to a number of packages of electronic journals (through a purchase made by our consortium of health libraries), we wanted to analyze the change in the number of ILL requests. So, we make a comparative analysis of the requests we made and we receive from other Spanish regions. We compared data of the previous year before having the electronic subscriptions (2006) and data of the last available year (2008)

Deciphering the Parameters to Produce Highly Reproducible and Scalable Iron Oxide Nanoparticles

Nanomedicine has been long hailed as a game changer for treating several ailments, but its translation from bench to bedside is facing some hurdles. Over the past few decades, there have been a plethora of reports regarding the synthesis of nanomaterials and, in particular, of iron oxide nanoparticles. However, very few reports discuss the role of stirring speed, reproducibility, and scalability. This work attempts to comprehensively revisit the most widely used existing protocols and discuss how the particle size or shape varies when certain parameters are altered and different precursors and solvents are used. It also discusses the probability of reproducing and scaling up the reactions while deciphering the effect of the ramp rate on size and shape. Lastly, it upgrades the existing methods and suggests a modification to produce highly reproducible and scalable nanoparticles of ∼4 nm, which can be further tuned to ∼2 nm by merely modifying the stirring speed.Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación ID2020-118448RBC21, PID2020-118448RBC22Ministerio de Economia, Industria y Competitividad P18-RT-1663/PAIDI20Junta de Andalucía RH-0040-2021, P20_00727/PAIDI202

Potential protective role of reactive astrocytes in the periventricular parenchyma in congenital hydrocephalus

Background Cerebrospinal fluid accumulation in hydrocephalus produces an elevation of intraventricular pressure with pathological consequences on the periventricular brain parenchyma including ischemia, oedema, oxidative stress, and accumulation of metabolic waste products. Here we studied in the hyh mouse, an animal model of congenital hydrocephalus, the role of reactive astrocytes in this clinical degenerative condition. Materials and Methods Wild type and hydrocephalic hyh mice at 30 days of postnatal age were used. Three metabolites related to the oxidative and neurotoxic conditions were analysed in ex vivo samples (glutathione, glutamine and taurine) using High Resolution Magic Angle Spinning (HR-MAS). Glutathione synthetase and peroxidase, glutamine synthetase, kidney-type glutaminase (KGA), and taurine/taurine transporter were immunolocated in brain sections. Results Levels of the metabolites were remarkably higher in hydrocephalic conditions. Glutathione peroxidase and synthetase were both detected in the periventricular reactive astrocytes and neurons. Taurine was mostly found free in the periventricular parenchyma and in the reactive astrocytes, and the taurine transporter was mainly present in the neurons located in such regions. Glutamine synthetase was found in reactive astrocytes. Glutaminase was also detected in the reactive astrocytes and in periventricular neurons. These results suggest a possible protective response of reactive astrocytes against oxidative stress and neurotoxic conditions. Conclusions Astrocyte reaction seems to trigger an anti-oxidative and anti-neurotoxic response in order to ameliorate pathological damage in periventricular areas of the hydrocephalic mice.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech. PI15-00619 to AJJ

Foundations of a smart toy development for the early detection of motoric impairments at childhood

Introduction: Monitoring of neurodevelopment from birth until the age of six aims to enhance children's abilities and autonomy. Early detection of motoric impairments at childhood can facilitate necessary diagnosis and/or treatment. Ambient Intelligence (AmI) technologies could support future application domains like motoric impairments' detection at the home environment. Objective: The creation of adequate smart monitoring solutions at home can provide professionals with reliable information about the health status of a child. Furthermore, toys and playing are crucial for the overall development of a human being. Hence, the aim of this research is to improve the exactitude of traditional evaluation methods by embedding sensors into daily life toys that provide professionals with added value supplementary evidence enhanced by Decision Support Systems (DSS). It will be possible to detect potential motoric disorders in a standard child's development that might keep undetected by traditional ways. Materials and methods: A smart toy was designed by a trans-disciplinary team of professionals under a research consortium of Madrid universities supported by EDUCERE project. The main target of this nationally funded project is to create and evaluate innovative solutions to early detect neurodevelopment disorders and trigger requested actions of early intervention. This paper focuses on the "Smart Cube", an evolution of the traditional building blocks toy. Results: The research led to validate a scalable methodology to push the creation of innovative smart toys for early prevention of disabilities. The implementation of a web based Decision Support System (DSS) allows to support the reasoning procedures required by the smart toy solution. Ongoing validation data paves the way for long scale field trials to be performed at 3 nursery schools. Conclusion: The methodology allows the interaction between a trans-disciplinary team of professionals in order to undertaken the smart toys design and construction. Furthermore, toys verification stage needs to be measured in order to adjust diagnostic and therapeutic actions to pediatric patients

Excess of Yra1 RNA-Binding Factor Causes Transcription-Dependent Genome Instability, Replication Impairment and Telomere Shortening

Yra1 is an essential nuclear factor of the evolutionarily conserved family of hnRNP-like export factors that when overexpressed impairs mRNA export and cell growth. To investigate further the relevance of proper Yra1 stoichiometry in the cell, we overexpressed Yra1 by transforming yeast cells with YRA1 intron-less constructs and analyzed its effect on gene expression and genome integrity. We found that YRA1 overexpression induces DNA damage and leads to a transcription-associated hyperrecombination phenotype that is mediated by RNA:DNA hybrids. In addition, it confers a genome-wide replication retardation as seen by reduced BrdU incorporation and accumulation of the Rrm3 helicase. In addition, YRA1 overexpression causes a cell senescence-like phenotype and telomere shortening. ChIP-chip analysis shows that overexpressed Yra1 is loaded to transcribed chromatin along the genome and to Y’ telomeric regions, where Rrm3 is also accumulated, suggesting an impairment of telomere replication. Our work not only demonstrates that a proper stoichiometry of the Yra1 mRNA binding and export factor is required to maintain genome integrity and telomere homeostasis, but suggests that the cellular imbalance between transcribed RNA and specific RNA-binding factors may become a major cause of genome instability mediated by co-transcriptional replication impairment.España Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación BFU2010-16372, BFU2013-42918Andalucía, Junta de Andalucía BIO102, CVI4567 and BIO123

Passive targeting of high-grade gliomas via the EPR effect: a closed path for metallic nanoparticles?

Passive tumor targeting via the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect has long been considered the most effective mechanism for the accumulation of nanoparticles inside solid tumors. However, several studies have demonstrated that the EPR effect is largely dependent on the tumor type and location. Particularly complex is the situation in brain tumors, where the presence of the blood–brain tumor barrier (BBTB) adds an extra limiting factor in reaching the tumor interstitium. However, it remains unclear whether these restraints imposed by the BBTB prevent the EPR effect from acting as an efficient tumor targeting mechanism for metallic nanoparticles. In this work, we have studied the EPR effect of metallic magnetic nanoparticles (MMNPs) in a glioblastoma (GBM) model by parametric MRI. Our results showed that only MMNPs ≤50 nm could reach the tumor interstitium, whereas larger MMNPs were unable to cross the BBTB. Furthermore, even for MMNPs around 30–50 nm, the amount of them found within the tumor was scarce and restricted to the vicinity of large tumor vessels, indicating that the BBTB strongly limits the passive accumulation of metallic nanoparticles in brain tumors. Therefore, active targeting becomes the most reasonable strategy to target metallic nanoparticles to GBMs.Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad de España - CTQ2017-86655-RMinisterio de Ciencia e Innovación de España - PID2020- 118448RB-C21 y PID2020-118448RB-C22Consejería de Salud de la Junta de Andalucía - OH-0026-201