Multilingual Information Framework for Handling textual data in Digital Media

This document presents MLIF (Multi Lingual Information Framework), a high-level model for describing multilingual data across a wide range of possible applications in the translation/localization process within several multimedia domains (e.g. broadcasting interactive programs within a multilingual community)

The Generalife. First works of management and conservation

[EN] After the restitution of the Generalife to the Spanish State in 1921, Benigno de la Vega Inclán (1858-1942) the Marquis de la Vega-Inclán organized a board of trustees independent from that of the Alhambra to open the Nasrid complex to future visitors. Eladio Laredo and Carranza (1864-1941) became the architect in charge of the first surveys, the study of access, irrigation, and recovery of the deteriorated areas until 1925, when the architect Leopoldo Torres Balbás took over the task.[ES] Tras la restitución del Generalife al Estado español en 1921, Benigno de la Vega Inclán (1858-1942), el marqués de la Vega-Inclán organizó un patronato independiente del de la Alhambra para atender la apertura del conjunto nazarí a los futuros visitantes. Eladio Laredo y Carranza (1864-1941) fue el arquitecto encargado de avanzar los primeros levantamientos, estudio de accesos, riegos y recuperación de las zonas degradadas, hasta 1925, en que se unifican las competencias en la figura del arquitecto Leopoldo Torres Balbás.Ordieres Díez, I.; Lara García, J. (2023). El Generalife. Primeros trabajos de gestión y conservación. Loggia, Arquitectura & Restauración. (36):26-39. https://doi.org/10.4995/loggia.2023.1962326393

YsxC, an essential protein in Staphylococcus aureus crucial for ribosome assembly/stability

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Bacterial growth and division requires a core set of essential proteins, several of which are still of unknown function. They are also attractive targets for the development of new antibiotics. YsxC is a member of a family of GTPases highly conserved across eubacteria with a possible ribosome associated function.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Here, we demonstrate by the creation of a conditional lethal mutant that <it>ysxC </it>is apparently essential for growth in <it>S. aureus</it>. To begin to elucidate YsxC function, a translational fusion of YsxC to the CBP-ProteinA tag in the staphylococcal chromosome was made, enabling Tandem Affinity Purification (TAP) of YsxC-interacting partners. These included the ribosomal proteins S2, S10 and L17, as well as the ^β' subunit of the RNA polymerase. YsxC was then shown to copurify with ribosomes as an accessory protein specifically localizing to the 50 S subunit. YsxC depletion led to a decrease in the presence of mature ribosomes, indicating a role in ribosome assembly and/or stability in <it>S. aureus</it>.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>In this study we demonstrate that YsxC of <it>S. aureus </it>localizes to the ribosomes, is crucial for ribosomal stability and is apparently essential for the life of <it>S. aureus</it>.</p

Development of a soot radiation model for diesel flames

[EN] This paper describes a radiation model for diesel sprays that can predict the heat losses based on spray characteristics to the spray plume due to radiation. The model is based on three sub-models: spray model, soot model and radiation model. The spray model is a one-dimensional model that simulates the axial and radial distribution of a fuel spray for each instant. The soot model is a one-dimensional tool, which is based on formation and oxidation processes calculating the axial and radial soot concentration profile for each instant. The output results of the two sub-models are used as input information for the radiation model, which obtains the radiation heat transfer values for a diesel flame. The experimental measurements used to adjust the different constants and to validate the sub-models were performed in a high-pressure high-temperature vessel using three different optical techniques: Schlieren, to obtain spray penetration, Diffused Back-Illumination technique (DBI) for the soot concentration and the 2-color method for calculating the soot temperature and concentration. The radiant fraction shows values from 0.11% to 0.43% with respect to the total energy of the fuel depending on the operating condition. Taking into account the different assumptions taken for modeling the spray radiation, these results are consistent with those obtained in the literature, in which the radiation was characterized under similar conditions.The authors acknowledge FEDER and Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad for partially supporting this research through TRANCO project (TRA2017-87694-R).López, JJ.; García-Oliver, JM.; García Martínez, A.; Villalta-Lara, D. (2019). Development of a soot radiation model for diesel flames. Applied Thermal Engineering. 157:1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2019.04.120S11015

Implementation of two color method to investigate late cycle soot oxidation process in a CI engine under low load conditions

[EN] Soot emissions from diesel engines are an important concern in meeting emissions regulations. Soot emissions are the result of two competing processes: soot formation and soot oxidation. Mechanisms of soot formation are discussed extensively in the literature. Equivalence ratio at lift-off length along with residence time and gas temperature play an important role for soot formation in a diffusion flame. Mixing capability and bulk gas temperature are the most important parameters that influence the in-cylinder soot oxidation process. Normally, research studies of soot formation-oxidation processes have been developed under controlled and not completely representative conditions of engine operation in the field. Therefore, the main objective of this work was to develop a simplified methodology to evaluate in cylinder soot oxidation under 'real' engine conditions. In particular the impact of mixing process and bulk gas temperature on late cycle soot oxidation was evaluated. The experimental measurements were made in a production light-duty diesel engine varying those parameters that have been demonstrated in the literature as the most relevant in soot formation - oxidation processes; injection pressure, ambient density and intake air temperature. To measure soot, two color method was applied by means of an optoelectronic pyrometer. To evaluate the mixing capability a specific "tracer" Apparent Combustion Time (ACT(-1)) based on the experimental heat release and injection parameters was defined. The relationship between both parameters was used to explain the soot oxidation process. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.The authors acknowledge General Motors Global Research & Development for supporting this research.López, JJ.; Martín, J.; García Martínez, A.; Villalta-Lara, D.; Warey, A. (2017). Implementation of two color method to investigate late cycle soot oxidation process in a CI engine under low load conditions. Applied Thermal Engineering. 113:878-890. doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2016.11.095S87889011

Luxación radiocarpiana con fractura asociada de la apófisis estiloides radial

Presentamos un caso de luxación dorso lateral del carpo con fractura asociada de la estiloides radial en una mujer de 28 años tras accidente de tráfico. No existieron complicaciones neurovasculares. El tratamiento consistió en reducción y fijación de la estiloides radial con agujas de Kirschner. Después de seis meses de evolución la paciente estaba libre de secuelas

Conservadurismo del resultado bajo las normas internacionales de contabilidad: un estudio comparado

El presente trabajo muestra que la adopción de la normativa del IASB en los países europeos ha contribuido a aumentar el conservadurismo del resultado de las empresas que las implantaron antes de ser obligatorias en 2005, acercando las medidas de conservadurismo a los niveles estadounidenses. Este no es el caso de las empresas de países menos desarrollados que han adoptado la normativa internacional. Para estas empresas, pese a la adopción de las NIC, el conservadurismo no ha aumentado. De hecho, no hay indicios de asimetría en el reconocimiento de noticias en el resultado. Además, parte del aumento en el conservadurismo observado en las empresas europeas desaparece si se controla de manera adecuada por sus características específicas

Conservadurismo del resultado contable bajo las Normas Internacionales de Contabilidad: Un estudio comparativo.

In this study we analyse whether the use of IASB standards affects the conservatism of earnings of the firms that adopt them. We compare the conservatism of firms by groups of firms/countries using or not IAS. Our results show that 1) Earnings conservatism is, as pointed out in prior research, more pronounced in common-law-based developed economies; 2) The voluntary use of IASB standards in Europe (prior to 2005) has significantly increased the measures of earnings conservatism in adopting firms, and 3) The use of IAS fails to improve the relevance and reliability of accounting information in emerging/developing countries, where enforcement and investor protection is lowEn este trabajo se analiza si el uso de las normas del IASB afecta al conservadurismo del resultado de las empresas que las adoptan. Para ello comparamos el conservadurismo por grupos de empresas/países que usan o no las normas internacionales (NIC). Nuestros resultados muestran que: 1) El conservadurismo del resultado es, tal y como pone de manifiesto la literatura previa, más pronunciado en los países desarrollados basados en el derecho común, 2) La adopción voluntaria de las normas del IASB en Europa (antes de 2005) aumentó significativamente las medidas de conservadurismo del resultado de las empresas que las adoptaron, y 3) El uso de las NIC no logró mejorar la relevancia/fiabilidad de la información contable en los países emergentes o en vías de desarrollo, donde la protección de los intereses de los inversores es escasa

Swirl ratio and post injection strategies to improve late cycle diffusion combustion in a light-duty diesel engine

[EN] Nitrogen oxides (NOx) and soot emissions are the most important pollutants from direct-injection diesel engines. In particular, soot formation and oxidation determine the net engine-out soot emissions. These phenomena are complex and competing processes during diesel combustion. Despite many researches implicate the mechanisms of soot formation with soot emissions, the enhancement of the late cycle soot oxidation is the dominant mechanism for a reduction of engine-out soot emissions. The mixing process and the in-cylinder bulk temperature are two important parameters in the development of soot oxidation process. The current research compares different engine strategies to enhance the late cycle mixing controlled combustion process and therefore enhance soot oxidation while maintaining similar gross indicated efficiency in a light-duty engine. For this purpose, a simplified methodology has been used, which analyzes the effect of mixing process and in-cylinder bulk gas temperature on soot oxidation during the late cycle combustion. For carrying out this research, theoretical and experimental tools were used. In particular, the experimental measurements were made in a single-cylinder direct-injection light-duty diesel engine varying the swirl ratio and the injection pattern as injection pressure, Start of Energizing (SoE), Energizing Time (ET) and number of injections events. To analyze soot emissions, the combustion luminosity was measured by an optoelectronic probe and the optical thickness parameter (KL) was evaluated by the two-color pyrometry method. The apparent combustion time (ACT-1) was used as mixing time tracer. Results show that an increase in swirl ratio implies an improvement on the mixing process and higher values of average bulk temperature during the late-cycle diffusion combustion. Both phenomena produce an enhancement in the soot oxidation process. In the lowest swirl ratio case, a suitable injection strategy based on multiple injections, provides similar results of soot oxidation process (and therefore, the emissions) as high swirl ratio case. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Benajes, J.; Martín, J.; García Martínez, A.; Villalta-Lara, D.; Warey, A. (2017). Swirl ratio and post injection strategies to improve late cycle diffusion combustion in a light-duty diesel engine. Applied Thermal Engineering. 123:365-376. doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.05.101S36537612

OTELO survey: optimal emission-line flux determination with OSIRIS/GTC

Emission-line galaxies are important targets for understanding the chemical evolution of galaxies in the universe. Deep, narrow-band imaging surveys allow to detect and study the flux and the equivalent widths (EW) of the emission line studied. The present work has been developed within the context of the OTELO project, an emission line survey using the Tunable Filters (TF) of OSIRIS, the first generation instrument on the GTC 10.4m telescope located in La Palma, Spain, that will observe through selected atmospheric windows relatively free of sky emission lines. With a total survey area of 0.1 square degrees distributed in different fields, reaching a 5 \sigma depth of 10^-18 erg/cm^2/s and detecting objects of EW < 0.3 A, OTELO will be the deepest emission line survey to date. As part of the OTELO preparatory activities, the objective of this study is to determine the best combination of sampling and full width at half maximum (FWHM) for the OSIRIS tunable filters for deblending H\alpha from [NII] lines by analyzing the flux errors obtained. We simulated the OTELO data by convolving a complete set of synthetic HII galaxies in EW with different widths of the OSIRIS TFs. We estimated relative flux errors of the recovered H\alpha and [NII]6583 lines. We found that, for the red TF, a FWHM of 12 A and a sampling of 5 A is an optimal combination that allow deblending H\alpha from the [NII]6583 line with a flux error lower than 20%. This combination will allow estimating SFRs and metallicities using the H\alpha flux and the N2 method, respectively.Comment: 16 pages, 9 figures. Some authors added. Accepted for publication in PAS