Changes in volatile compounds of pork loin (fresh and marinated) with different irradiation and packaging during storage

The analysis of volatile compounds by gas chromatography- mass spectrometry after extraction by purge and trap has been used to investigate the volatile compounds of fresh and marinated pork loin after E-beam treatmet as a function of packaging type (air, vacuum and modified atmosphere), radiation dose (1 and 2 kGy) and storage temperature (4 and 8 °C). Major differences were found between fresh and marinated samples but, in general, only minor differences were found in the volatile compounds of both types of loin due to storage temperature, packaging method and doses of irradiation. It is concluded that the application of E-beam is a very useful way to extend the shelflife of fresh and marinated pork loin with no changes in the odor of the products.<br><br>Se ha utilizado la cromatografía de gases/espectrometría de masas, la extracción mediante purga y trampa para estudiar los compuestos volátiles de lomo de cerdo fresco y adobado, tratados con electrones acelerados (1 y 2 kGy) y almacenado en refrigeración (4 y 8 °C) bajo diferentes atmósferas (aire, vacío y atmósfera modificada). Se observaron diferencias importantes entre las muestras de lomo fresco y adobado pero, en general, solo pequeñas diferencias fueron observadas en algunos compuestos volátiles de ambos tipos de lomo debidas al efecto de la temperatura, tiempo de almacenamiento, tipo de atmósfera o dosis de radiación. Se ha concluido que la aplicación de electrones acelerados es una tecnología muy eficaz para ampliar la vida útil del lomo de cerdo fresco y adobado sin que se detecten cambios en el olor de los productos

Cambio en la fracción de fosfolípidos de la grasa intramuscular del lomo de cerdo (fresco y adobado) con diferentes irradiaciones y empaquetados durante el almacenamiento

A study on the effect of E-beam (1 and 2 kGy) on the phospholipid classes of fresh and marinated pork loin stored at 4 °C and 8 °C under different atmospheres (air, vacuum and carbon dioxide enriched atmospheres) has been conducted. This is the first time that a study of this kind has been carried out on these types of samples. The combined statistical treatment of the distinct variables shows that minor changes (cardiolpin and sphingomyelin between both types of loin, cardiolipin vs storage temperatures and phosphatidylethanolamine vs the modified atmospheres) are produced in the individual phospholipids subjected to the different selected conditions. The more relevant result was that no effect of the irradiation doses on the phospholipids classes was found, so the E-beam can be considered a useful tool to extend the shelf-life of fresh meat without changes in the phospholipid fraction.Se ha realizado un estudio sobre el efecto de la radiación de electrones (E-beam) (1 y 2 kGy) en las clases de fosfolípidos del lomo de cerdo almacenado a 4 y 8 °C bajo diferentes atmósferas ( aire, vacío y dióxido de carbono). Este tipo de estudio ha sido llevado a cabo por primera vez en este tipo de muestras. El tratamiento estadístico combinado de distintas variables muestran que se producen cambios menores en los fosfolípidos individuales sujetos a las diferentes condiciones seleccionadas (la cardiolipina y la esfingomielina se ven afectadas por el tipo de lomo, la cardiolipina por la temperatura de almacenamiento y la fosfatidiletanolamina por las atmósferas modificadas). El resultado más relevante fue que no hubo efecto de la dosis de radiación en las diferentes clases de fosfolípidos, por lo que la radiación E-beam se convierte en una herramienta útil para prolongar la vida útil de la carne fresca sin producir cambios en la fracción de fosfolípidos de ésta

Cambios en los compuestos volátiles del lomo de cerdo (fresco y adobado) con diferentes irradiaciones y empaquetados durante el almacenamiento

The analysis of volatile compounds by gas chromatography- mass spectrometry after extraction by purge and trap has been used to investigate the volatile compounds of fresh and marinated pork loin after E-beam treatmet as a function of packaging type (air, vacuum and modified atmosphere), radiation dose (1 and 2 kGy) and storage temperature (4 and 8 °C). Major differences were found between fresh and marinated samples but, in general, only minor differences were found in the volatile compounds of both types of loin due to storage temperature, packaging method and doses of irradiation. It is concluded that the application of E-beam is a very useful way to extend the shelflife of fresh and marinated pork loin with no changes in the odor of the products.Se ha utilizado la cromatografía de gases/espectrometría de masas, la extracción mediante purga y trampa para estudiar los compuestos volátiles de lomo de cerdo fresco y adobado, tratados con electrones acelerados (1 y 2 kGy) y almacenado en refrigeración (4 y 8 °C) bajo diferentes atmósferas (aire, vacío y atmósfera modificada). Se observaron diferencias importantes entre las muestras de lomo fresco y adobado pero, en general, solo pequeñas diferencias fueron observadas en algunos compuestos volátiles de ambos tipos de lomo debidas al efecto de la temperatura, tiempo de almacenamiento, tipo de atmósfera o dosis de radiación. Se ha concluido que la aplicación de electrones acelerados es una tecnología muy eficaz para ampliar la vida útil del lomo de cerdo fresco y adobado sin que se detecten cambios en el olor de los productos

Scaling up... to where? The role of conventional actors within alternative food systems

El presente artículo presenta una investigación comparada en cuatro comarcas andalu-zas, de cara a identificar estrategias de supervivencia de pequeños operadores alimentarios en el contextolocal. Para ello cruza distintas características territoriales y diferentes cadenas de distribución, en relacióncon tres alimentos distintos (hortaliza, vino y carne fresca de ovino). El análisis mixto (cualitativo-cuantita-tivo) realizado ofrece una tipología de operadores, así como los principales discursos que articulan sus estra-tegias frente a los mercados globales. La discusión aporta reflexiones relevantes respecto a las formas dearticular la investigación, las políticas y organismos públicos, y los operadores locales de cara a incrementarla sostenibilidad de los sistemas agroalimentarios locales, así como límites y nuevos retos identificados parala transición hacia la sostenibilidad del sistema agroalimentario a escala regionalPeripheral stakeholders, such as small food retailers that are not completely integratedin alternative food networks, show high potential for upscaling local food systems. We have been donefieldwork-based research in four different counties in Andalusia (Spain), using a mixed, qualitative/quan-titative analysis. We have produced a typology of local stakeholders, regarding to their different strategiesaimed at surviving amongst global and large-scale stakeholders. We also analyze the discourses that shapethese strategies. The paper offers relevant insights on food governance and joint governance constructionbetween academy, local stakeholders and policy-makers, in order to include conventional stakeholders intotransitions to local sustainable food system

Encapsulated high temperature PCM as active filler material in a thermocline-based thermal storage system

A great concern in Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) is to boost energy harvesting systems, by finding materials with enhanced thermal performance. Phase Change Materials (PCM) have emerged as a promising option, due to their high thermal storage density compared to sensible storage materials currently used in CSP. A thermal storage system for solar power plants is proposed, a thermocline tank with PCM capsules together with filler materials, based on multi-layered solid-PCM (MLSPCM) thermocline-like storage tank concept [1,2]. A detailed selection of the most suitable high temperature PCM, their containment materials and encapsulation methods are shown

Intracoronary administration of allogeneic adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells improves myocardial perfusion but not left ventricle function, in a translational model of acute myocardial infarction

Background-¿Autologous adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ATMSCs) therapy is a promising strategy to improve post-myocardial infarction outcomes. In a porcine model of acute myocardial infarction, we studied the long-term effects and the mechanisms involved in allogeneic ATMSCs administration on myocardial performance. Methods and Results-¿Thirty-eight pigs underwent 50 minutes of coronary occlusion; the study was completed in 33 pigs. After reperfusion, allogeneic ATMSCs or culture medium (vehicle) were intracoronarily administered. Follow-ups were performed at short (2 days after acute myocardial infarction vehicle-treated, n=10; ATMSCs-treated, n=9) or long term (60 days after acute myocardial infarction vehicle-treated, n=7; ATMSCs-treated, n=7). At short term, infarcted myocardium analysis showed reduced apoptosis in the ATMSCs-treated animals (48.6 6% versus 55.9 5.7% in vehicle; P=0.017); enhancement of the reparative process with up-regulated vascular endothelial growth factor, granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and stromal-derived factor-1a gene expression; and increased M2 macrophages (67.2 10% versus 54.7 10.2% in vehicle; P=0.016). In long-term groups, increase in myocardial perfusion at the anterior infarct border was observed both on day-7 and day-60 cardiac magnetic resonance studies in ATMSCs-treated animals, compared to vehicle (87.9 28.7 versus 57.4 17.7 mL/min per gram at 7 days; P=0.034 and 99 22.6 versus 43.3 14.7 22.6 mL/min per gram at 60 days; P=0.0001, respectively). At day 60, higher vascular density was detected at the border zone in the ATMSCs-treated animals (118 18 versus 92.4 24.3 vessels/mm2 in vehicle; P=0.045). Cardiac magnetic resonance-measured left ventricular ejection fraction of left ventricular volumes was not different between groups at any time point. Conclusions-¿In this porcine acute myocardial infarction model, allogeneic ATMSCs-based therapy was associated with increased cardioprotective and reparative mechanisms and with better cardiac magnetic resonance-measured perfusion. No effect on left ventricular volumes or ejection fraction was observed

Subjective response to antipsychotic treatment and compliance in schizophrenia. A naturalistic study comparing olanzapine, risperidone and haloperidol (EFESO Study)

BACKGROUND: In order to compare the effectiveness of different antipsychotic drugs in the treatment of schizophrenia it is very important to evaluate subjective response and compliance in patient cohorts treated according to routine clinical practice. METHOD: Outpatients with schizophrenia entered this prospective, naturalistic study when they received a new prescription for an antipsychotic drug. Treatment assignment was based on purely clinical criteria, as the study did not include any experimental intervention. Patients treated with olanzapine, risperidone or haloperidol were included in the analysis. Subjective response was measured using the 10-item version of the Drug Attitude Inventory (DAI-10), and treatment compliance was measured using a physician-rated 4 point categorical scale. RESULTS: A total of 2128 patients initiated treatment (as monotherapy) with olanzapine, 417 with risperidone, and 112 with haloperidol. Olanzapine-treated patients had significantly higher DAI-10 scores and significantly better treatment compliance compared to both risperidone- and haloperidol-treated patients. Risperidone-treated patients had a significantly higher DAI-10 score compared to haloperidol-treated patients. CONCLUSION: Subjective response and compliance were superior in olanzapine-treated patients, compared to patients treated with risperidone and haloperidol, in routine clinical practice. Differences in subjective response were explained largely, but not completely, by differences in incidence of EPS

Acyloxylation of Cyclic Enones: Synthesis of Densely Oxygenated Guaianolides

The α′-acyloxylation of cyclic enones with linear carboxylic acids is described. The reaction is promoted by KMnO4 in the presence of a carboxylic acid and its corresponding carboxylic anhydride. The optimization of the reaction has been carried out using the statistical methodology known as design of experiments. The optimized reaction conditions have been evaluated in terms of substrate scope and compatibility with different functional groups. The methodology has been applied to the synthesis of densely oxygenated guaianes and guaianolides