Guerra, franquismo y transición: los gobernadores civiles en Andalucía (1936-1979) [Informe]

El Centro de Estudios Andaluces acaba de colgar en su página web el informe Guerra, Franquismo y Transición. Los gobernadores civiles en Andalucía (1936-1979). Coordinado por el profesor de la Universidad de Sevilla (Julio Ponce Alberca), el informe, en el que han participado los investigadores Jesús García Bonilla y Diego Ramos Sánchez, está a disposición de todos los interesados que quieran consultarlo libremente, ya que se enmarca dentro del proyecto Factoría de Ideas, una ventana virtual abierta a todas las reflexiones, líneas de investigación y análisis de tendencias que se generen en consonancia con las áreas temáticas que aborda el Centro de Estudios Andaluces. El estudio se constituye en una aportación fundamental al estudio del Franquismo y la Guerra Civil en Andalucía, ya que hasta ahora no se había realizado una investigación en profundidad sobre el papel que jugaron estos importantes representantes del gobierno, tanto en el desarrollo de la contienda, como en la instauración y consolidación del régimen de Franco. Los investigadores recogen en este texto el dispar destino de los gobernadores civiles andaluces en los días que siguieron a la sublevación del 18 de julio de 1936. Asimismo, inciden en la difícil encrucijada que les tocó vivir, por un lado, al tener que enfrentarse a los militares insurrectos, y por otro, a los comités populares que se erigieron en verdaderos los organizadores de la resistencia. Los historiadores desentrañan las acciones de quienes fueron nombrados, bien por el Gobierno de la República bien por los insurrectos, como un arma más para combatir al otro bando en tiempo de lucha. En segundo lugar, la obra detalla el complejo papel desempeñado por estos mandos designados en provincias por la dictadura de Franco para que interrelacionasen con las élites locales, el partido único, y convirtiesen en hechos las políticas del nuevo gobierno franquista. Finalmente, el estudio se detiene en la importante contribución de los gobernadores civiles en la construcción de la reforma política sancionada por el referéndum constitucional de 1976.Centro de Estudios Andaluce

The Seville-Bonanza Canal: A public policy failure

During the sixties, the idea of building a canal to promote the economic development of Seville through the river gained momentum. The initiative –already started in 1953– sought to create an industrial conurbation between the Andalusian capital and Sanlúcar de Barrameda. It was supported by various industrial and commercial sectors of Seville, as well as by local political-administrative institutions. The initiative was also fostered by the Chief of State, general Franco. However, that project actually failed. ¿How such a strong public policy could have been thwarted despite of the support of the dictatorial regime? Some of the veto-players against the project are highlighted in this paper: the lack of support from other Andalusian provinces, the bureaucratic slowness, and the change of ministers in the Spanish government during the sixtiesDurante los años sesenta cobró fuerza la idea de construir un canal para impulsar el desarrollo económico de Sevilla a través del río. La iniciativa – ya iniciada en 1953- perseguía conformar una especie de conurbación industrial entre la capital andaluza y Sanlúcar de Barrameda. Fue apoyada por diversos sectores industriales y comerciales hispalenses, así como por las instituciones político-administrativas locales. También fue apoyada por el J efe del Estado, el general Franco. Sin embargo, aquella iniciativa fracasó. ¿Cómo fue posible que una política pública con tantos respaldos -incluido el apoyo del propio régimen dictatorial- no se materializara? En este trabajo se apuntan varios factores que fueron determinantes en elveto al proyecto: la falta de apoyos de otras provincias andaluzas, la lenta burocracia y los cambios ministeriales que se produjeron en los años sesenta

Study of chemical modifications in acidified ignitable liquids analysed by GC-MS

In this work, mixtures of gasoline with sulphuric acid and diesel fuel with sulphuric acid were analysed by gas chromatography&-mass spectrometry (GC&-MS). The results showed considerable qualitative and semi-quantitative modifications in the chromatographic profiles of the ignitable liquids (ILs). In the case of acidified gasoline, the alteration of the abundances of aromatic compounds and the hydrolysis of an oxygenated compound such as methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), in addition to the immediate and unexpected appearance of tert-butylated compounds were observed. In the case of acidified diesel fuel, the alteration of aromatic compounds occurred. These sequential changes were then studied in detail in order to explain the chemical modifications taking place. These extensive chemical modifications may be considered as a new chromatographic profile distortion effect, the acidification of ILs. As such modifications are not generally taken into account in the criteria followed to assess the classification of an IL, we propose some recommendations helping to the identification of acidified ILs. This information can be especially useful to detect and identify non-burned ILs from seized or failed improvised incendiary devices made with mixtures of sulphuric acid&-IL, or ILs altered intentionally with the aim to modify their composition

Analysis of pre-ignited Improvised Incendiary Devices using portable Raman

In this work, the use of a portable Raman spectrometer is evaluated for the non-invasive analysis of two types of pre-ignited improvised incendiary devices (IIDs), the classic Molotov cocktails and the chemical ignition Molotov cocktails (CIMCs). The most common ignitable liquids (ILs) used to make classic Molotov cocktails (gasoline, diesel fuel, kerosene and ethanol) were measured in seven different clear and colored glass bottles to evaluate if the container features could hamper the Raman measurements. The results showed that the portable Raman spectrometer can be employed to detect ILs in glass bottles without disturbances. Chemical changes on the ILs are produced when they are mixed with acid; therefore, to evaluate the use of the portable Raman spectrometer for the analysis of CIMCs required an investigation of how time and movement influence the measurements. Thus, two different IL&-sulfuric acid mixtures commonly used to make CIMCs (gasoline&-sulfuric acid and diesel fuel&-sulfuric acid) were measured over time under static and motion conditions. In spite of the intense fluorescence encountered in both CIMCs, it was possible to identify the acid and the gasoline for the first hours of the reaction both in the static and motion experiments. Concerning the diesel fuel present in the CIMC, it underwent instantaneous chemical changes under both measurement conditions, showing high fluorescence that impeded its identification. In view of the results achieved, the portable Raman spectrometer can be a useful instrument for the rapid, non-invasive and safe analysis of pre-ignited IIDs

Study of Spectral Modifications in Acidified Ignitable Liquids by Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy

In this work, the spectral characteristics of two types of acidified gasoline and acidified diesel fuel are discussed. Neat and acidified ignitable liquids (ILs) infrared absorption spectra obtained by attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were compared in order to identify the modifications produced by the reaction of the ILs with sulfuric acid. Several bands crucial for gasoline identification were modified, and new bands appeared over the reaction time. In the case of acidified diesel fuel, no significant modifications were observed. Additionally, the neat and acidified ILs spectra were used to perform a principal components analysis in order to confirm objectively the results. The complete discrimination among samples was successfully achieved, including the complete differentiation among gasoline types. Taking into account the results obtained in this work, it is possible to propose spectral fingerprints for the identification of non-burned acidified ILs in forensic investigations related with arson or the use of improvised incendiary devices (IIDs)

Analytical tools for the analysis of fire debris. A review: 2008-2015

The analysis of fire debris evidence might offer crucial information to a forensic investigation, when for instance, there is suspicion of the intentional use of ignitable liquids to initiate a fire. Although the evidence analysis in the laboratory is mainly conducted by a handful of well-established methodologies, during the last eight years several authors proposed noteworthy improvements on these methodologies, suggesting new interesting approaches. This review critically outlines the most up-to-date and suitable tools for the analysis and interpretation of fire debris evidence. The survey about analytical tools covers works published in the 2008&-2015 period. It includes sources of consensus-classified reference samples, current standard procedures, new proposals for sample extraction and analysis, and the most novel statistical tools. In addition, this review provides relevant knowledge on the distortion effects of the ignitable liquid chemical fingerprints, which have to be considered during interpretation of results

Framework for automatic generation of ontology mappings

Some of the most outstanding problems in Computer Science (e.g. access to heterogeneous information sources, use of different e-commerce standards, ontology translation, etc.) are often approached through the identification of ontology mappings. A manual mapping generation slows down, or even makes unfeasible, the solution of particular cases of the aforementioned problems via ontology mappings. Some algorithms and formal models for partial tasks of automatic generation of mappings have been proposed. However, an integrated framework to solve this problem is still missing. In this paper, we present a framework for automatic ontology mapping generation, and a partial implementation of it. Our proposal is that this integrated vision can guide, not only our future work, but also the future work of other researchers. In the implementation carried out, we have built a mapping ontology with knowledge on ontology mappings

Diseño estructural de una cimentación combinada para un edificio de 4 pisos – Asociación Villa Universitaria – Castilla – Piura – 2019

La presente investigación tiene como finalidad realizar el diseño estructural para un edificio de 4 pisos ubicado en la Asociación villa universitaria. El proyecto tiene un área aproximada de 200 m2 ., en un suelo arenoso con las características comunes del suelo típico de Piura, con una capacidad portante de 0.75 kg/cm2 . Para el diseño estructural del siguiente edificio todo el análisis y cálculos de diseño se realizaron siguiendo el Reglamento Nacional de Edificaciones y a las distintas normas que lo componen, ya que esta investigación incluye criterios de estructuración y predimensionamiento, metrado de cargas, análisis y diseño de los diversos elementos estructurales y diseño de los tipos de cimentación. El sistema estructural a utilizar como se mencionó antes es una cimentación combinada

Relationship of Organizational Commitment to Teamwork in a Municipality From Peru

Purpose: The general objective was to determine the relationship between organizational commitment and teamwork in a municipality from Peru.   Theoretical framework: The current literature has reported good findings on both organizational commitment and teamwork. However, there is still much to research and understand about OC and TE because it is an ever-evolving development.   Design/methodology/approach: A quantitative, applied, non-experimental, descriptive and correlational study was used, applying the questionnaires to 94 workers of the municipality.   Findings: The results revealed that organizational commitment is deficient 73% and teamwork is deficient 78%, also, the p=0.000<0.05, indicating that the variables retain a highly significant correlation, also, it is evident that they reached a Rho=82.9%.   Research, Practical & Social implications: We suggest a future research agenda and highlight the contributions made to organizational commitment and teamwork.   Originality/value: the organizational commitment maintains a very strong positive correlation with teamwork, evidencing that by generating in the workers a sense of belonging with the institution, as long as the best collaborators are offered job growth options and very strong affective bonds are created, then an assertive communication is achieved through permanent dialogue, the communication flow is improved and with it the needs of the employees are recognized, impacting positively in the decision making process, since the planned goals have been realistic to the resources and abilities of the employees.Resumen Propósito:   Se desearía como objetivo general determinar la relación del compromiso organizacional con el trabajo en equipo en una municipalidad, Perú. Marco teórico: La literatura actual ha reportado Buenos hallazgos tanto en el compromiso organizacional como en el trabajo en equipo. Sin embargo, aún hay mucho que investigar y aprender sobre el CO y el TE porque es un Desarrollo en evolución permanente. Diseño/metodología/enfoque:  Se utilizó un estudio cuantitativo, aplicado, no experimental, descriptivo y correlacional, aplicando los cuestionarios a 94 trabajadores del municipio. Resultados:  Los resultados revelaron que el compromiso organizacional es deficiente un 73% y que el trabajo en equipo es deficiente un 78%, asimismo, el p=0.000<0.05, señalando que las variables conservan una correlación altamente significativa, también, se evidencia que alcanzaron un Rho=82.9%. Investigación, implicaciones prácticas y sociales: Sugerimos una agenda de investigación futura y destacamos las contribuciones realizadas al compromiso organizacional y al trabajo en equipo. Originalidad/valor:  el compromiso organizacional mantiene una correlación positiva muy fuerte con el trabajo en equipo poniendo en evidencia que al generar en los trabajadores pertenencia con la institución, mientras se brinde opciones laborales de crecimiento a los mejores colaboradores y se creen lazos afectivos muy fuertes, entonces se logra una comunicación asertiva a través del diálogo permanente, se mejora el flujo comunicacional y con ello se logra reconocer las necesidades que mantienen los empleados impactando positivamente en la toma de decisiones trayendo ya que las metas planificadas han sido realistas a los recursos y habilidades de los empleados.Resumo Finalidade: O objectivo geral era determinar a relação entre o compromisso organizacional e o trabalho de equipa num município, Peru. Quadro teórico: A literatura actual tem relatado boas conclusões tanto sobre empenho organizacional como sobre trabalho de equipa. Contudo, ainda há muito a investigar e compreender sobre OC e TE porque se trata de um desenvolvimento em constante evolução. Concepção/método/abordagem: Foi utilizado um estudo quantitativo, aplicado, não experimental, descritivo e correlacional, aplicando os questionários a 94 trabalhadores do município. Resultados: Os resultados revelaram que o compromisso organizacional é deficiente em 73% e o trabalho de equipa é deficiente em 78%, também, os p=0,000<0,05, indicando que as variáveis mantêm uma correlação altamente significativa, também, é evidente que atingiram um Rho=82,9%. Investigação, implicações práticas e sociais: Sugerimos uma agenda de investigação futura e destacamos as contribuições feitas para o compromisso organizacional e o trabalho de equipa. Originalidade/valor: O compromiso organizacional mantém uma correlação positiva muito forte com o trabalho em equipa, demostrando que ao gerar nos funcionários um sentimento de pertença à instituição, desde que sejam dadas aos melhores colaboradores opções de trabalho para o crescimento e criados laços emocionais muito fortes, una comunicación asertiva é conseguida a través del diálogo permanente, o fluxo de comunicação é melhorado e assim as necessidades dos funcionários são reconhecidas, tendo um impacto positivo na tomado de decisões, uma vez que os objectivos planeados têm sido realistas em relação aos recursos e capacidades dos funcionários