Optimización del proceso productivo de una nueva levadura osmotolerante y validación del sistema de limpieza CIP en las instalaciones de la planta industrial

Hoy en díael objetivo principal de cualquier industriaalimentaria es fabricarproductos seguros y de alta calidad al mínimo coste posible. Para ello,es necesario optimizarlos procesos productivosaprovechando al máximo los recursos disponibles,y mejorarlosprocesos de limpiezagarantizando la inocuidad de las instalaciones. Los objetivos delpresente trabajo sonoptimizar el proceso productivo de una levadura osmotolerante de panadería y validar el sistemade limpieza CIP. En primer lugar, se realizarontres pruebas de fermentación de lanueva levadura en distintas condiciones y se estudiarondiferentes parámetros esenciales para suposiblecomercialización. Por otro lado, fue necesario realizarunavalidación del sistema de limpieza CIP, ya que en los protocolos de limpieza se hicieronuna serie de modificaciones con el fin de mejorar la eficacia del proceso y conseguir un ahorro económico. La conductividad de la sosa utilizadaen la limpieza alcalina se bajó a 70 miliSiemens (mS)yse añadióun nuevo aditivo detergente llamado DEPTA+ con propiedades antiespumantes, mojantes y complejantes. Para la validación, se realizaronanálisis fisicoquímicos y microbiológicos con el objetivode demostrar que los parámetros del sistema de limpieza CIP son capaces de lograr el propósito establecido.Departamento de Ingeniería Agrícola y ForestalMáster en Calidad, Desarrollo e Innovación de Alimentos2022202

Comorbidities in patients with Primary Sjögren's Syndrome and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A comparative registries-based study

OBJECTIVE: To compare the prevalence of the main comorbidities in 2 large cohorts of patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome (SS) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), with a focus on cardiovascular (CV) diseases. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional multicenter study where the prevalence of more relevant comorbidities in 2 cohorts was compared. Patients under followup from SJOGRENSER (Spanish Rheumatology Society Registry of Primary SS) and RELESSER (Spanish Rheumatology Society Registry of SLE), and who fulfilled the 2002 American-European Consensus Group and 1997 American College of Rheumatology classification criteria, respectively, were included. A binomial logistic regression analysis was carried out to explore potential differences, making general adjustments for age, sex, and disease duration and specific adjustments for each variable, including CV risk factors and treatments, when appropriate. RESULTS: A total of 437 primary SS patients (95% female) and 2,926 SLE patients (89% female) were included. The mean age was 58.6 years (interquartile range [IQR] 50.0-69.9 years) for primary SS patients and 45.1 years (IQR 36.4-56.3 years) for SLE patients (P?<?0.001), and disease duration was 10.4 years (IQR 6.0-16.7 years) and 13.0 years (IQR 7.45-19.76 years), respectively (P?<?0.001). Smoking, dyslipidemia, and arterial hypertension were associated less frequently with primary SS (odds ratio [OR] 0.36 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.28-0.48], 0.74 [95% CI 0.58-0.94], and 0.50 [95% CI 0.38-0.66], respectively) as were life-threatening CV events (i.e., stroke or myocardial infarction; OR 0.57 [95% CI 0.35-0.92]). Conversely, lymphoma was associated more frequently with primary SS (OR 4.41 [95% CI 1.35-14.43]). The prevalence of severe infection was lower in primary SS than in SLE (10.1% versus 16.9%; OR 0.54 [95% CI 0.39-0.76]; P?<?0.001). CONCLUSION: Primary SS patients have a consistently less serious CV comorbidity burden and a lower prevalence of severe infection than those with SLE. In contrast, their risk of lymphoma is greater

High incidence of clinical fragility fractures in postmenopausal women with rheumatoid arthritis. A case-control study.

Objectives: To estimate the incidence of clinical fragility fractures in postmenopausal women with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and analyze risk factors for fracture. Methods: Incidence of clinical fragility fractures in 330 postmenopausal women with RA was compared to that of a control population of 660 age-matched postmenopausal Spanish women. Clinical fractures during the previous five years were recorded. We analyzed associations with risk factors for fracture in both populations and with disease-related variables in RA patients. Results: Median age of RA patients was 64 years; median RA duration was eight years. Sixty-nine percent were in remission or on low activity. Eighty-five percent had received glucocorticoids (GCs); 85 %, methotrexate; and 40 %, ≥1 biologic DMARD. Fifty-four patients and 47 controls had ≥1 major osteoporotic fracture (MOF). Incidence of MOFs was 3.55 per 100 patient-year in patients and 0.72 in controls (HR: 2.6). Risk factors for MOFs in RA patients were age, previous fracture, parental hip fracture, years since menopause, BMD, erosions, disease activity and disability, and cumulative dose of GCs. Previous fracture in RA patients was a strong risk for MOFs (HR: 10.37). Conclusion: Of every 100 postmenopausal Spanish women with RA, 3-4 have a MOF per year. This is more than double that of the general population. A previous fracture poses a high risk for a new fracture. Other classic risk factors for fracture, RA disease activity and disability, and the cumulative dose of GCs are associated with fracture development

Influence of early leaf removal on the yield and composition of the grape of three varieties in the D.O.Ca. Rioja (Spain)

Resumen del trabajo presentado en la 8th International Macrowine Conference on Macromolecules and Secondary Metabolites of Grapevine and Wine (Macrowine), celebrada de forma virtual en la Universidad de Verona (Italia), del 23 al 30 de junio de 2021AIM: Defoliation is one of the green operations more used in viticulture, whose results can be very different depending on the variety and the moment of realization. Early leaf removal consists of the elimination of basal leaves on the shoots around pre-bloom stage, which limits fruit set and initial growth of the berry, leading to less compact clusters and less weight [1]. This practice allows to control the yield, improve the sanitary state and consequently the quality of the grape [2]. The objective of this research was to evaluate the influence of early leaf removal on the yield and composition in the grape of three white varieties: Tempranillo Blanco, Maturana Blanca and Garnacha Blanca. METHODS: This study was conducted during the 2019 season, in a vineyard located in the D.O.Ca. Rioja (Spain). At the moment of harvest, the influence of early leaf removal on different yield components (unit production, number of bunches per vine, bunch weight, weight of 100 berries and number of berries per bunch) was determined. Prior to the harvest, 500 berries were sampled for each repetition and the must was extracted. Musts were physicochemically characterized by determining probable alcohol, pH, total acidity, tartaric acid, malic acid, potassium and total polyphenols. RESULTS: The results obtained showed notable varietal differences. The early leaf removal gave rise to a decrease in the yield components, which only were significant in Tempranillo Blanco for the unit production, bunch weight and number of berries per bunch. Also, the effects of leaf removal on the composition of the grape were higher in Tempranillo Blanco. The total polyphenol content increased significantly in the three varieties. Maturana Blanca presented a significant rise in total acidity. On the contrary, Tempranillo Blanco showed a significant decrease, significantly increasing the pH and potassium. The probable alcohol showed a significant increase in Tempranillo Blanco and Garnacha Blanca. CONCLUSIONS: To conclude, the influence of early leaf removal on the yield and composition of the grape is variable depending on the variety.Peer reviewe

Evaluation of glutathione content in four white varieties in the D.O. Ca. Rioja (Spain)

Trabajo presentado en la 8th International Macrowine Conference on Macromolecules and Secondary Metabolites of Grapevine and Wine (Macrowine), celebrada de forma virtual en la Universidad de Verona (Italia), del 23 al 30 de junio de 2021AIM Glutathione is a tripeptide that is mainly found in reduced form in grapes. It generates during the maturation of the grape, increasing significantly after veraison [1]. It plays a relevant role in the prevention of oxidative processes due to its high antioxidant activity. Its content in the grape is influenced by many factors (variety, vintage, cultural practices, nitrogen nutrition ...) [2]. In musts and wines, it undergoes modifications due to oxygen exposure, tyrosinase activity, maceration time, pressing, yeast strain…[3]. The aim of this work was to evaluate the content of glutathione in the grape of four white varieties: Tempranillo Blanco, Maturana Blanca, Garnacha Blanca and Viura. METHODS The study was carried out during three seasons (2017, 2018 and 2019) in a vineyard located in the D.O.Ca. Rioja (Spain). On the other hand, the influence of different vineyard locations on the content of this compound in the indicated varieties was also analyzed. Glutathione determination was carried out by HPLC by automatic derivatization in precolumn with OPA. The previous extraction in the grape was carried out with HCl/EDTA [4]. RESULTS The results obtained showed important varietal differences in the glutathione content of the grape in the white varieties studied. The highest concentration was obtained in the Tempranillo Blanco variety, although without significant differences in comparison to Viura, while the lowest levels corresponded to Maturana Blanca and Garnacha Blanca. Also, the characteristics of the vintage also influenced its concentration, although the varietal differences were maintained. The location of the vineyard showed a variable effect depending on the vinifera, and the characteristics of the vintage in the case of Tempranillo Blanco. CONCLUSIONS These results confirm that the variety is one of the most influential factors in the glutathione content in grapes. Tempranillo Blanco has high levels of this compound, which can help preserve the quality of your wines.Peer reviewe

Usefulness of Tissue Doppler Imaging for the Evaluation of Pulmonary Hypertension in Canine Heartworm Disease

J.I.M., J.A.M.-A. and E.C. designed the study. J.I.M., A.C.-V. and E.C. wrote the manuscript. J.I.M., S.N.G.-R. and N.C.-R. performed the fieldwork, collected the data and performed the experiments. All authors participated in the discussion of the results, corrected, read and approved the final manuscript. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.Background: Dirofilaria immitis is a nematode that produces proliferative pulmonary endarteritis in dogs due to direct contact of the adult parasites with the intima layer of the pulmonary arteries, leading to irreversible severe structural damage and sustained pulmonary hypertension (PH), which can produce severe cardiorespiratory disorders. The purpose of this study was to assess the diagnostic value of the echocardiography tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) in determining the presence of PH in dogs with heartworm disease. Methods: There were 116 heartworm-infected dogs with PH and 33 healthy dogs included in the study. Based on the right pulmonary artery distensibility index (RPADi) < 29.5%, PH was present in 47.4% of infected dogs. Additionally, the animals were evaluated using other standard alternative echocardiographic measures to estimate PH. Moreover, a total of eight echocardiographic measurements were analysed using the TDI to determine its usefulness in diagnosing PH (E′, A′, S, E′:A′, global TDI, HRI-IVCT, HRI-IVRT, R-TEI). Results: The TDI measurements showed significant differences between dogs with and without PH, demonstrating a positive correlation with respect to the RPADi. In addition, cut-off values for the detection of PH with excellent sensitivity and specificity were found for E′:A′, global TDI, HRI-IVCT, HRI-IVRT and R-TEI. Conclusions: The TDI mode may be useful as an adjunct diagnostic method for the determination of PH in dogs with Dirofilaria immitis.Simple Summary: Tissue Doppler imaging is a useful echocardiographic technique to evaluate the systolic and diastolic function of the right ventricle and has been used as an estimator of pulmonary hypertension. The objective of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of tissue Doppler echocardiography to determine the presence of pulmonary hypertension in dogs with heartworm disease. A total of 116 heartworm-infected dogs and 33 healthy dogs were included in the study. Echocardiographic determinations were performed following established protocols to determine the presence of pulmonary hypertension in 47.4% of dogs infected with heartworm. Subsequently, a total of eight echocardiographic measurements were performed using tissue Doppler imaging to determine their usefulness in the diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension. Overall, the results showed significant differences with respect to the presence or absence of pulmonary hypertension. Furthermore, acceptable cut-off values were reported to estimate the presence of pulmonary hypertension in most echocardiographic measurements determined using tissue Doppler imaging. The measures analysed have demonstrated their usefulness as a complementary tool to determine pulmonary hypertension in dogs with Dirofilaria immitis.Comunidad Autónoma de CanariasDepto. de Medicina y Cirugía AnimalFac. de VeterinariaTRUEpu

Right Ventricle Strain Assessed by 2-Dimensional Speckle Tracking Echocardiography (2D-STE) to Evaluate Pulmonary Hypertension in Dogs with Dirofilaria immitis

Author Contributions: J.I.M., J.A.M.-A. and E.C. designed the study. J.I.M., A.C.-V. and E.C. wrote the manuscript. J.I.M., S.N.G.-R. and N.C.-R. performed the fieldwork, collected the data, and performed the experiments. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.Echocardiographic assessment of the right ventricle is helpful for analysing the pathophysiology of heartworm disease and detecting pulmonary hypertension (PH) in dogs. In veterinary cardiology, the study of myocardial deformation using two-dimensional speckle tracking (2D-STE) echocardiography has become increasingly acknowledged as useful for quantifying right ventricular function. The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of myocardial deformation strain of the right ventricular free wall (FWS), global deformation strain of the right ventricle, including the interventricular septum (GS), and tissue motion annular displacement of the tricuspid valve (TMAD) in a cohort of dogs with heartworm (Dirofilaria immitis) disease and to determine cut-off values for detecting the presence of PH. Out of the 93 dogs tested, 71% were diagnosed with heartworm infection. PH was identified in 41% of the infected dogs following the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine (ACVIM) guidelines, based on the peak tricuspid regurgitation velocity to calculate the tricuspid regurgitation pressure gradient (TRPG), while other routine measurements were used, including the right pulmonary artery distensibility index (RPADi). The 2D-STE mode measurements were determined using Right Ventricular Automated Function Imaging (RV AFI®) software. The statistical analysis showed significant differences in the studied parameters among dogs with and without PH. Additionally, sensitivity (sen) and specificity (sp) cut-off values were obtained (GS ≥ −21.25%, sen 96%, sp 86.4%; FWS ≥ −21.95%, sen 92.56%, sp 95.5%; TMAD ≤ 0.85 cm, sen 70.4%, sp 83.3%). These results demonstrated that GS, FWS, and TMAD could be used as supplementary and alternative variables to conventional echocardiographic measurements when detecting PH in dogs with heartworm disease.Simple Summary: The development of new echocardiographic techniques, such as two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography and assessment of longitudinal myocardial deformation, may be new alternative tools to analyse the presence and severity of pulmonary hypertension in heartworm disease. A total of 93 dogs were used, of which 71% were diagnosed with heartworm infection and 41% were found to have PH. The measurements evaluated were obtained using Right Ventricular Automated Function Imaging (RV AFI®) software. The results showed significant differences between animals with and without pulmonary hypertension. Cut-off values with high sensitivity and specificity were also obtained for the detection of pulmonary hypertension in the animals analysed. Echocardiographic measurements for functional assessment of the right ventricle using myocardial longitudinal strain have demonstrated their usefulness in heartworm-infected dogs.Depto. de Medicina y Cirugía AnimalFac. de VeterinariaTRUEpu

Echocardiographic Assessment of the Pulmonary Vein to Pulmonary Artery Ratio in Canine Heartworm Disease

Background:Dirofilaria immitis produces proliferative pulmonary endarteritis and pulmonary thromboembolism in infected dogs. The pulmonary vascular lesions lead to irreversible and persistent structural damage and, as a consequence, sustained precapillary pulmonary hypertension (PH). The purpose of this study was to assess the diagnostic value of the pulmonary vein to pulmonary artery ratio (PV:PA ratio) to determine moderate or severe PH (>50 mmHg) in dogs with heartworm disease. Methods: A total of 151 naturally heartworm-infected and 66 healthy dogs were included in the study. The presence/absence of PH was based on the right pulmonary artery distensibility index (RPAD index 2 0.628, p 2 0.606, p < 0.0001) with a good diagnostic accuracy (AUC = 0.98). Both of the 2D and M modes’ PV:PA ratios decreased significantly with the presence of PH. A cut-off value of ≤0.845 showed high sensitivity and specificity for the M mode (97% and 94%, respectively) and the 2D mode (96% and 93%, respectively). Conclusions: The PV:PA ratio may be useful as a complementary diagnostic method for the estimation of moderate or severe PH in dogs with heartworm