Violencia de género y su efecto en menores: el estado de la cuestión, análisis de programas de intervención y propuesta de un modelo de intervención grupal

En la actualidad se dispone de muchos datos acerca de las mujeres víctimas de la violencia de género, sin embargo, esto no es así en relación con la descendencia de estas mujeres que también son personas expuestas a esta clase de violencia. No hay datos oficiales pero se estima que un total de 188.000 niños/as en España son víctimas de la violencia de género en sus casas. Cada vez son más las voces que apuntan a la necesidad de que sean también objeto de intervención, pues sufren multitud de trastornos y efectos adversos a raíz de esta situación. El presente trabajo trata de visibilizar a esta población afectada directamente por la violencia de género mediante un breve recorrido por los diferentes aspectos de esta problemática (consecuencias, síntomas, tratamientos, estado de la cuestión, etc.). También se ofrece un breve resumen de algunos programas de intervención y una propuesta de mejora de los mismos

Guía práctica de diagnóstico y tratamiento de la acromegalia

Consensus document[Abstract] Acromegaly and gigantism are due to excess GH secretion, usually by a pituitary adenoma. It is an uncommon disease. Diagnosis is made by showing elevated GH and IGF-I levels in patients with a clinical picture suggesting the condition. Once excess GH is confirmed by biochemical tests, MRI of the hypothalamic–pituitary area should be performed to ascertain the source of excess GH. Transsphenoidal surgery of the pituitary adenoma is the treatment of choice. However, introduction of new drugs has changed the treatment sequence in recent years. Medical treatment with somatostatin analogs may be indicated as primary treatment in patients in whom surgery is not expected to be curative or is contraindicated. The GH receptor antagonist should be used in patients not controlled after surgery who do not adequately respond to somatostatin analogs. Radiotherapy would be indicated in patients not controlled after surgery and medical treatment or with large tumor remnants after surgery.[Resumen] La acromegalia y el gigantismo se deben a la producción excesiva de GH, generalmente por un adenoma hipofisario. Es una enfermedad poco frecuente. El diagnóstico se realiza ante un paciente con un cuadro clínico sugerente con la demostración de concentraciones de GH e IGF-I elevadas. Tras la confirmación bioquímica del exceso de GH debe realizarse una RM del área hipotálamo-hipofisaria a fin de confirmar el origen del exceso de GH. El tratamiento de elección es el quirúrgico del adenoma hipofisario mediante cirugía transesfenoidal, si bien en los últimos años los avances en cuanto a la aparición de nuevos fármacos han modificado la secuencia terapéutica. El tratamiento médico con análogos de somatostatina puede estar indicado como procedimiento primario en pacientes no subsidiarios de curación tras cirugía, o en aquellos casos en que esta esté contraindicada. El antagonista del receptor de GH debe utilizarse en pacientes no controlados tras cirugía que no responden de forma adecuada a análogos de somatostatina. La radioterapia estaría indicada en aquellos casos no controlados tras tratamiento quirúrgico y médico o en aquellos pacientes con grandes restos tumorales tras el tratamiento quirúrgico

The population of single and binary white dwarfs of the Galactic bulge

Recent Hubble Space Telescope observations have unveiled the white dwarf cooling sequence of the Galactic bulge. Although the degenerate sequence can be well fitted employing the most up-to-date theoretical cooling sequences, observations show a systematic excess of red objects that cannot be explained by the theoretical models of single carbon–oxygen white dwarfs of the appropriate masses. Here, we present a population synthesis study of the white dwarf cooling sequence of the Galactic bulge that takes into account the populations of both single white dwarfs and binary systems containing at least one white dwarf. These calculations incorporate state-of-the-art cooling sequences for white dwarfs with hydrogen-rich and hydrogen-deficient atmospheres, for both white dwarfs with carbon–oxygen and helium cores, and also take into account detailed prescriptions of the evolutionary history of binary systems. Our Monte Carlo simulator also incorporates all the known observational biases. This allows us to model with a high degree of realism the white dwarf population of the Galactic bulge. We find that the observed excess of red stars can be partially attributed to white dwarf plus main sequence binaries, and to cataclysmic variables or dwarf novae. Our best fit is obtained with a higher binary fraction and an initial mass function slope steeper than standard values, as well as with the inclusion of differential reddening and blending. Our results also show that the possible contribution of double degenerate systems or young and thick-discbulge stars is negligible.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

The population of white dwarf-main sequence binaries in the SDSS DR 12

We present a Monte Carlo population synthesis study of white dwarf-main sequence (WD+MS) binaries in the Galactic disc aimed at reproducing the ensemble properties of the entire population observed by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) Data Release 12. Our simulations take into account all known observational biases and use the most up-to-date stellar evolutionary models. This allows us to perform a sound comparison between the simulations and the observational data. We find that the properties of the simulated and observed parameter distributions agree best when assuming low values of the common envelope efficiency (0.2-0.3), a result that is in agreement with previous findings obtained by observational and population synthesis studies of close SDSSWD+MS binaries.We also show that all synthetic populations that result from adopting an initial mass ratio distribution with a positive slope are excluded by observations. Finally, we confirm that the properties of the simulated WD+MS binary populations are nearly independent of the age adopted for the thin disc, on the contribution of WD+MS binaries from the thick disc (0-17 per cent of the total population) and on the assumed fraction of the internal energy that is used to eject the envelope during the common envelope phase (0.1-0.5).Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Myristic acid potentiates palmitic acid-induced lipotoxicity and steatohepatitis associated with lipodystrophy by sustaning de novo ceramide synthesis.

Palmitic acid (PA) induces hepatocyte apoptosis and fuels de novo ceramide synthesis in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Myristic acid (MA), a free fatty acid highly abundant in copra/palmist oils, is a predictor of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and stimulates ceramide synthesis. Here we investigated the synergism between MA and PA in ceramide synthesis, ER stress, lipotoxicity and NASH. Unlike PA, MA is not lipotoxic but potentiated PA-mediated lipoapoptosis, ER stress, caspase-3 activation and cytochrome c release in primary mouse hepatocytes (PMH). Moreover, MA kinetically sustained PA-induced total ceramide content by stimulating dehydroceramide desaturase and switched the ceramide profile from decreased to increased ceramide 14:0/ceramide16:0, without changing medium and long-chain ceramide species. PMH were more sensitive to equimolar ceramide14:0/ceramide16:0 exposure, which mimics the outcome of PA plus MA treatment on ceramide homeostasis, than to either ceramide alone. Treatment with myriocin to inhibit ceramide synthesis and tauroursodeoxycholic acid to prevent ER stress ameliorated PA plus MA induced apoptosis, similar to the protection afforded by the antioxidant BHA, the pan-caspase inhibitor z-VAD-Fmk and JNK inhibition. Moreover, ruthenium red protected PMH against PA and MA-induced cell death. Recapitulating in vitro findings, mice fed a diet enriched in PA plus MA exhibited lipodystrophy, hepatosplenomegaly, increased liver ceramide content and cholesterol levels, ER stress, liver damage, inflammation and fibrosis compared to mice fed diets enriched in PA or MA alone. The deleterious effects of PA plus MA-enriched diet were largely prevented by in vivo myriocin treatment. These findings indicate a causal link between ceramide synthesis and ER stress in lipotoxicity, and imply that the consumption of diets enriched in MA and PA can cause NASH associated with lipodystrophy

Development of a novel epoxy resin based on epoxidized chia oil as matrix and maleinized chia oil as bio-renewable crosslinker

[EN] In this work novel thermosetting resins with high bio-based content have been developed derived from chia seed oil (CO). Epoxidized chia seed oil (ECO) was used as bio-based epoxy matrix with different mixtures of crosslinker agents, that is, methyl nadic anhydride (MNA) as petroleum-derived and maleinized chia seed oil (MCO) as bio-based crosslinker. The chemically modified oils from CO, that is, ECO and MCO, and MNA were analyzed by titration and FT-IR. Additional 1H NMR analysis was performed to characterize MCO structure. Two different behaviors were observed using the mixtures of crosslinkers. On one hand, MNA increases the rigidity with bio-based content of 54.2%. On the other hand, the addition of MCO provides higher ductility with bio-based content up to 98%. The same trend was observed by DMTA analysis. The novel cured resins were successfully crosslinked as demonstrated by the mechanical properties, FT-IR analyses, and gel content. Based on the results, it is concluded that MCO presents higher reactivity than MNA, decreasing curing time with possible energy saving at industrial level. In general, the results showed that adding the appropriate amount of MCO, green thermosetting resins with the desired thermal and mechanical properties can be manufactured with high bio-based content.Ministry of Science and Innovation,Grant/Award Number: PID2020-119142RA-I00; Universitat Politecnica de Valencia, Grant/Award Number: PAID-2019-SP20190013; Generalitat Valenciana,Grant/Award Number: ACIF/2020/233. This research work was funded by the Ministry of Science and Innovation-¿Retos de la Sociedad¿. Project references: PID2020-119142RA-I00. I. Dominguez-Candela wants to thank Universitat Politècnica de València for his FPI grant (PAID-2019-SP20190013) and Generalitat Valenciana-GVA (ACIF/2020/233). Funding for open access charge: CRUE-Universitat Politècnica de València.Domínguez-Candela, I.; Perez-Nakai, A.; Torres-Roca, E.; Lora-García, J.; Fombuena, V. (2023). Development of a novel epoxy resin based on epoxidized chia oil as matrix and maleinized chia oil as bio-renewable crosslinker. Journal of Applied Polymer Science. 140(10):1-14. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.535741141401

Axions and the luminosity function of white dwarfs : the thin and thick discs, and the halo

The evolution of white dwarfs is a simple gravothermal process of cooling. Since the shape of their luminosity function is sensitive to the characteristic cooling time, it is possible to use its slope to test the existence of additional sources or sinks of energy, such as those predicted by alternative physical theories. The aim of this paper is to study if the changes in the slope of the white dwarf luminosity function around bolometric magnitudes ranging from 8 to 10 and previously attributed to axion emission are, effectively, a consequence of the existence of axions and not an artefact introduced by the star formation rate. We compute theoretical luminosity functions of the thin and thick disc, and of the stellar halo including axion emission and we compare them with the existing observed luminosity functions. Since these stellar populations have different star formation histories, the slope change should be present in all of them at the same place if it is due to axions or any other intrinsic cooling mechanism. The signature of an unexpected cooling seems to be present in the luminosity functions of the thin and thick discs, as well as in the halo luminosity function. This additional cooling is compatible with axion emission, thus supporting to the idea that DFSZ axions, with a mass in the range of 4–10 meV, could exist. If this were the case, these axions could be detected by the future solar axioscope IAXO.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

Serie de 12 escrituras públicas que vincula a los vecinos de Puerto Viejo con los de Lima y Cuzco (1535-1601) en los registros del Archivo General de la Nación del Perú

Los siguientes 12 documentos transcritos letra a letra, forman parte de un compendio de manuscritos registrados en el Archivo General de la Nación del Perú, que el Paleógrafo Javier García Alcívar consultó y encontró, durante su breve estancia en Lima en el año 2009, una vez que pretendía cursar una Licenciatura en Humanidades o en Historia en la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (UNMSM) para entonces. Su contenido corresponde al periodo colonial (1535-1820) que abarcó el territorio y jurisdicción de la Tenencia de Puerto Viejo, como equivalente jurídico de la hoy Provincia de Manabí, ubicada en el litoral del Ecuador continental

Serie de 12 escrituras públicas que vincula a los vecinos de Puerto Viejo con los de Lima y Cuzco (1535-1601) en los registros del Archivo General de la Nación del Perú

Los siguientes 12 documentos transcritos letra a letra, forman parte de un compendio de manuscritos registrados en el Archivo General de la Nación del Perú, que el Paleógrafo Javier García Alcívar consultó y encontró, durante su breve estancia en Lima en el año 2009, una vez que pretendía cursar una Licenciatura en Humanidades o en Historia en la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (UNMSM) para entonces. Su contenido corresponde al periodo colonial (1535-1820) que abarcó el territorio y jurisdicción de la Tenencia de Puerto Viejo, como equivalente jurídico de la hoy Provincia de Manabí, ubicada en el litoral del Ecuador continental