Evaluación del desajuste educativo en la industria hostelera española

For decades, academics have studied the human resources of many different sectors with a wide range of approaches and methodologies. However, there is still room for analysis on educational mismatch, even more so in the hospitality industry after the COVID-19 pandemic standstill as it is a topic that has been somewhat relegated in recent times. Thus, this study seeks to analyze this phenomenon based on a multinomial logistic regression, which is underused in the human capital-related literature, especially on educational mismatch. The results confirm the influence of several factors such as tenure, experience or skills and quantify their effects on the chances of being educationally mismatched. Moreover, special attention is given to the remarkable influence of the required skills for a specific job position on vertical mismatch. Therefore, this paper updates previous research on the issue but also sheds new light on identifying the main aspects in which employees may focus in order to have better career prospects. The main limitation of this study is the availability of the data, which corresponds to 2018.Durante décadas, los académicos han estudiado los recursos humanos de muchos sectores diferentes con una amplia gama de enfoques y metodologías. Sin embargo, todavía hay espacio para el análisis del desajuste educativo, más aún en la industria de la hostelería tras el parón de la pandemia COVID-19, ya que es un tema que ha quedado ligeramente relegado en los últimos tiempos. Así pues, este estudio pretende analizar este fenómeno a través de una regresión logística multinomial, una metodología que se encuentra infrautilizada en la literatura relacionada con el capital humano, especialmente en el desajuste educativo. Los resultados confirman la influencia de varios factores, como la antigüedad en el puesto, la experiencia o las competencias, y cuantifican sus efectos sobre las posibilidades de sufrir desajuste educativo. Además, se presta especial atención a la gran influencia de las competencias requeridas para un puesto de trabajo específico sobre el desajuste vertical. Así pues, este trabajo actualiza las investigaciones anteriores sobre la cuestión, pero también arroja nueva luz sobre la identificación de los principales aspectos en los que los empleados podrían prestar atención para tener mejores perspectivas de carrera. La principal limitación de este trabajo es la disponibilidad de los datos, que corresponden a 2018.Sánchez-Cubo, F. benefits from a predoctoral contract for training researcher staff within the frame of the Formación de Profesorado Universitario (FPU) Fellowship Programme of the Ministry of Universities of Spain

Una aproximación al estudio de la formación de los precios en el mercado de acampamentosturísticos

The camping resort in Spain is a subsector of accommodation that has a growing dynamism. Despite this, and its quantitative importance in the Spanish tourism industry, there are very few scientific papers have paid attention. The aim of this paper is to analyze the mechanisms of price formation in this tourist activity, for which it has used a hedonic price model with semi-logarithmic functional form. The results highlight the importance of the geographical location of the establishment as well as its official classification in the valuation of its price by tourists.El acampamento turístico en España es un subsector de alojamiento que presenta un dinamismo creciente. A pesar de ello, y de su importancia cuantitativa en el turismo español, son muy escasos los trabajos científicos que le han prestado su atención. El objetivo de este trabajo consiste en analizar los mecanismos de formación de los precios dentro de esta actividad turística, para lo cual se ha empleado un modelo hedónico de precios con forma fun- cional semilogarítmica. Los resultados ponen de manifiesto la importancia de la ubicación geográfica del establecimiento así como la calificación oficial del mismo en la valoración de su precio por parte de los turistas

Keep It Simple: A Methodological Discussion of Wage Inequalities in the Spanish Hospitality Industry.

Human capital in hospitality has been widely addressed by applying sophisticated econometric methods. However, for the Spanish case, there was a gap in the analyses as the crucial importance of collective agreements was undervalued. This paper redesigns the conceptualisation of the variables and applies a subsequent new classification to job positions, as it deals with the outliers at different levels of rigorousness. Then, linearised and quantile regressions were run for each case, obtaining an outcome of thirty values for each variable. The analyses and comparisons show the high importance of collective agreements on salaries, the noticeable low values of human capital variables, and provides additional information for the nationality and gender gaps, the latter strikingly high in upper professional categories. Overall, this paper demonstrates the importance of a proper study design to prevent advanced econometric models from falling into bias and it minimises the differences between methods.Partial funding for open access charge: Universidad de Málag

Nueva técnica de fijación invertida para al LCA: estudio biomecánico in vitro en modelo porcino

Este trabajo analiza las propiedades mecánicas iniciales de una nueva técnica de reconstrucción del ligamento cruzado anterior (LCA) que invierte los elementos de fijación de la técnica estándar entre los sitios anatómicos, propone utilizar cross pin externo en tibia y tornillo de interferencia en fémur. Se ha comprobado en un modelo porcino que la fijación tibial mediante un cross pin transversal anclado a la superficie cortical, ofrece una resistencia media muy superior al tornillo interferencial, mejorando la deformación a carga última y sin diferencias en el desplazamiento total con niveles de carga propios de actividades diarias. Este trabajo presenta los resultados de la evaluación de las propiedades mecánicas de la fijación femoral. Utilizando ambos resultados, cuando se compara el mismo método de fijación en diferentes sitios, no se encuentran diferencias entre tibia y fémur para el tornillo de interferencia, mientras que la utilización de cross pin muestra niveles de resistencia significativamente mayores en la tibia. Cuando se comparan los dos métodos de fijación en un mismo sitio, el cross pin arroja mejores resultados en tibia y fémur, aunque resulta especialmente ventajoso en la inserción tibial. Se establece, por tanto, que desde un punto de vista mecánico la fijación invertida no solo no tiene efectos negativos frente a la técnica de reconstrucción estándar del LCA sino que incluso mejora la resistencia en la inserción tibial.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Influenza A(H5N1) detection in two asymptomatic poultry farm workers in Spain, September to October 2022: suspected environmental contamination

In autumn 2022, the Spanish Influenza National Reference Laboratory (NRL) confirmed the detection of influenza A(H5N1) in samples from two asymptomatic workers linked to an outbreak in a poultry farm in Spain. Nasopharyngeal swabs were taken according to a national screening protocol for exposed workers. Absence of symptoms, low viral load and negative serology in both workers suggested environmental contamination. These findings motivated an update of the early detection strategy specifying timing and sampling conditions in asymptomatic exposed persons.S

Descripción en un programa de empoderamiento para el desarrollo de competencias socioemocionales en Educación Superior

El objetivo del presente trabajo versa sobre la descripción de los objetivos, contenidos, metodología y evaluación de un programa de empoderamiento para el desarrollo de competencias socioemocionales en estudiantes universitarios vehiculado a través de las TICs. Se establecen siete bloques de trabajo impartidos en formación presencial mediatizada transversalmente en una plataforma virtual de enseñanza y aprendizaje paralela. Las temáticas abordadas son las siguientes: la experiencia de fluidez, inteligencias múltiples y talentos, fortalezas personales, creatividad, comprensión y gestión de emociones, búsqueda de la excelencia y, por último, empoderamiento y establecimiento de sinergias positivas en entornos de alto rendimiento. Las competencias trabajadas durante la formación son de carácter socioemocional y, más específicamente, autoconocimiento, habilidades intrapersonales e interpersonales, gestión de emociones, motivación por alcanzar metas, manejo del estrés, búsqueda de la excelencia, la calidad y la mejora, determinación, capacidad de gestión y solución de problemas y capacidad de adaptación al cambio, afrontamiento de la adversidad y resiliencia. La metodología se basa en una combinación de sesiones grupales, tutorías individuales y trabajo e-learning. Por último, la evaluación estriba en la calidad de las tareas y aportaciones compartidas en el espacio moodle, a través de una construcción conjunta y proactiva de los contenidos trabajados

Expansion of Signal Transduction Pathways in Fungi by Extensive Genome Duplication

Plants and fungi use light and other signals to regulate development, growth, and metabolism. The fruiting bodies of the fungus Phycomyces blakesleeanus are single cells that react to environmental cues, including light, but the mechanisms are largely unknown [1]. The related fungus Mucor circinelloides is an opportunistic human pathogen that changes its mode of growth upon receipt of signals from the environment to facilitate pathogenesis [2]. Understanding how these organisms respond to environmental cues should provide insights into the mechanisms of sensory perception and signal transduction by a single eukaryotic cell, and their role in pathogenesis. We sequenced the genomes of P. blakesleeanus and M. circinelloides and show that they have been shaped by an extensive genome duplication or, most likely, a whole-genome duplication (WGD), which is rarely observed in fungi [3–6]. We show that the genome duplication has expanded gene families, including those involved in signal transduction, and that duplicated genes have specialized, as evidenced by differences in their regulation by light. The transcriptional response to light varies with the developmental stage and is still observed in a photoreceptor mutant of P. blakesleeanus. A phototropic mutant of P. blakesleeanus with a heterozygous mutation in the photoreceptor gene madA demonstrates that photosensor dosage is important for the magnitude of signal transduction. We conclude that the genome duplication provided the means to improve signal transduction for enhanced perception of environmental signals. Our results will help to understand the role of genome dynamics in the evolution of sensory perception in eukaryotes.Office of Science (USA) DE-AC02-05CH11231Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad BIO2005-25029-E , BIO2015-67148-RJunta de Andalucía P06-CVI-0165

Clinical Audits in Outpatient Clinics for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Methodological Considerations and Workflow

Objectives: Previous clinical audits for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have provided valuable information on the clinical care delivered to patients admitted to medical wards because of COPD exacerbations. However, clinical audits of COPD in an outpatient setting are scarce and no methodological guidelines are currently available. Based on our previous experience, herein we describe a clinical audit for COPD patients in specialized outpatient clinics with the overall goal of establishing a potential methodological workflow.Methods: A pilot clinical audit of COPD patients referred to respiratory outpatient clinics in the region of Andalusia, Spain (over 8 million inhabitants), was performed. The audit took place between October 2013 and September 2014, and 10 centers (20% of all public hospitals) were invited to participate. Cases with an established diagnosis of COPD based on risk factors, clinical symptoms, and a post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC ratio of less than 0.70 were deemed eligible. The usefulness of formally scheduled regular follow-up visits was assessed. Two different databases (resources and clinical database) were constructed. Assessments were planned over a year divided by 4 three-month periods, with the goal of determining seasonal-related changes. Exacerbations and survival served as the main endpoints.Conclusions: This paper describes a methodological framework for conducting a clinical audit of COPD patients in an outpatient setting. Results from such audits can guide health information systems development and implementation in real-world settings.This study was financially supported by an unrestricted grant from Laboratorios Menarini, SA (Barcelona, Spain)

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Memoria ID-020 Ayudas de la Universidad de Salamanca para la innovación docente, curso 2020-2021

The evolution of the ventilatory ratio is a prognostic factor in mechanically ventilated COVID-19 ARDS patients

Background: Mortality due to COVID-19 is high, especially in patients requiring mechanical ventilation. The purpose of the study is to investigate associations between mortality and variables measured during the first three days of mechanical ventilation in patients with COVID-19 intubated at ICU admission. Methods: Multicenter, observational, cohort study includes consecutive patients with COVID-19 admitted to 44 Spanish ICUs between February 25 and July 31, 2020, who required intubation at ICU admission and mechanical ventilation for more than three days. We collected demographic and clinical data prior to admission; information about clinical evolution at days 1 and 3 of mechanical ventilation; and outcomes. Results: Of the 2,095 patients with COVID-19 admitted to the ICU, 1,118 (53.3%) were intubated at day 1 and remained under mechanical ventilation at day three. From days 1 to 3, PaO2/FiO2 increased from 115.6 [80.0-171.2] to 180.0 [135.4-227.9] mmHg and the ventilatory ratio from 1.73 [1.33-2.25] to 1.96 [1.61-2.40]. In-hospital mortality was 38.7%. A higher increase between ICU admission and day 3 in the ventilatory ratio (OR 1.04 [CI 1.01-1.07], p = 0.030) and creatinine levels (OR 1.05 [CI 1.01-1.09], p = 0.005) and a lower increase in platelet counts (OR 0.96 [CI 0.93-1.00], p = 0.037) were independently associated with a higher risk of death. No association between mortality and the PaO2/FiO2 variation was observed (OR 0.99 [CI 0.95 to 1.02], p = 0.47). Conclusions: Higher ventilatory ratio and its increase at day 3 is associated with mortality in patients with COVID-19 receiving mechanical ventilation at ICU admission. No association was found in the PaO2/FiO2 variation