La comunicación entre la familia y el centro educativo, desde la percepción de los padres y madres de los alumnos.

The collaborative relationship that must exist between the family and the school where the children are studying is an unquestionable fact nowadays in the scientific community and society. With this research we wanted to know the kind of communication between students’ parents and school teachers, based on variables such as: communication channels between both, talking points, knowledge which families have about the school, family involvement in school life, the contribution of families in the learning development of children, the kind of relationships that they have with the teaching staff and the commitment that students’ familieshave to improve the communication between them and the school.After a stratified random sampling, 2,494 families from Nursery, Primary and Secondary Education took part in this research. These families belong to the Region ofMurcia. The tool we have used for the collection of information has been an extensive questionnaire with 85 questions, which have been grouped into 8 areas. The test results show that, in general, from the perspective of parents, relationships and communication between family and school are very acceptable and that parents are willing to commit themselves to improve the quality of communication.La relación colaborativa que debe existir entre la familia y el centro educativo en el que cursan estudios los hijos es un hecho hoy en día indiscutible en la comunidad científica y en la sociedad. Con la presente investigación hemos querido conocer el tipo de comunicación que se da entre los padres y madres de los alumnos y el profesorado del centro escolar de los hijos en función de algunas variables como: las vías de comunicación entre ambos, los temas de conversación, el conocimiento que poseen las familias sobre el centro, la participación de las mismas en la vida del centro, la contribución de las familias en el desarrollo de los aprendizajes de los hijos, el tipo de relaciones que las familias mantienen con el profesorado y el compromiso que manifiestan tener las familias de los alumnos para mejorar la comunicación entre éstos y la institución escolar.Tras un muestreo aleatorio estratificado, hemos contado con la participación de 2.494 familias de alumnos que cursan estudios en las etapas de Educación Infantil, Educación Primaria y Educación Secundaria, en la Comunidad Autónoma de la Región de Murcia. El instrumento utilizado para la recogida de información ha sido un amplio cuestionario integrado por 85 preguntas, agrupadas en 8 dimensiones.Los resultados de los análisis ponen de manifiesto que, de forma general, desde la perspectiva de los padres y madres, las relaciones y comunicación entre la familia y centro educativo son muy aceptables y que los progenitores se muestran dispuestos a comprometerse para mejorar la calidad de dicha comunicación

Occurrence of melatonin and indolic compounds derived from L-tryptophan yeast metabolism in fermented wort and commercial beers

Melatonin and serotonin are bioactive compounds present in foods and beverages and related to neuroprotection and anti-angiogenesis, among other activities. They have been described in wines and the role of yeast in their formation is clear. Thus, this study evaluates the content of these bioactives and other related indolic compounds in beer. For this purpose, commercial beers were analyzed by a validated UHPLC-HRMS method and sample treatment optimized due to the low concentrations expected. Moreover, a wort was fermented with different commercial beer yeast (Abbaye, Diamond, SafAle, SafLager) in order to monitor the formation of these bioactives during the elaboration process. Results show that indolic compounds such as N-acetylserotonin and 3-indoleacetic acid are produced during the alcoholic fermentation of wort. Moreover, the occurrence of four indolic compounds (5-hydroxytryptophan, N-acetylserotonin, 3-indoleacetic acid, L-tryptophan ethyl ester) in commercial beers is reported for the first time.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad AGL2013-47300-C3-2-R, AGL2016-77505-C3-2-

La autoevaluación y coevaluación en la escuela: un reto para la socioformación

El presente capítulo integra los resultados de un trabajo de investigación desarrollado en las escuelas de educación básica en el Estado de Chihuahua, México. Uno de los aspectos de revisión que se obtienen entre los hallazgos, sobresale lo referente a la coevaluación y autoevaluación de los aprendizajes. Entre los resultados más destacados se tiene que estos recursos (autoevaluación y coevaluación) son muy poco utilizados, y con ello, existe cierta confusión en los procedimientos para llevarse a cabo, lo cual origina que sean tomados con reservas en los procesos evaluativos en las aulas. El reto, por un lado, es plantear una ruta de acercamiento a los docentes con los elementos básicos para la efectividad de estos procedimientos necesarios en la evaluación. Por otro, y tal vez de manera paralela, orientar la autoevaluación y coevaluación hacia el enfoque socioformativo, como una alternativa pertinente hacia la mejora en la evaluación del desempeño de los estudiantes

Immunophenotypic characterization of plasma cells from monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance patients. Implications for the differential diagnosis between MGUS and multiple myeloma

Es el artículo seminal para distinguir entre célula plasmática normal y patológica en las gamm-patías monoclonales.[EN]Although the immunophenotype of plasma cells (PCs) from multiple myeloma (MM) patients has been extensively explored, information on the phenotypic characteristics of PCs in monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) patients is scanty and frequently controversial. Thus, the question of whether or not PCs are phenotypically different in the two disorders and whether this criteria could be useful for the differential diagnosis between MGUS and MM remains to be explored. In the present study, the immunophenotypic profile of bone marrow PCs (BMPCs) from a group of 76 MGUS patients has been analyzed by flow cytometry and compared with that of BMPCs present in both MM patients (n = 65) and control subjects (n = 10). For that purpose, a large panel of monoclonal antibodies against PC-related antigens was used together with a sensitive methodology in which a minimum of 10(3) PCs were studied. In all MGUS cases studied, two clearly defined and distinct PC subpopulations could be identified. One PC subpopulation, population A (33 +/- 31% of total PCs), constantly displayed a high CD38 expression with low forward light scatter (FSC)/side light scatter (SSC) and was positive for CD19 and negative for CD56 (only a small proportion of these PCs were weakly positive for CD56). The other PC subpopulation, population B (67 +/- 31% of total PCs), showed the opposite pattern; the antigen CD56 was strongly positive and CD19 was constantly negative, and it showed a lower CD38 expression and higher FSC/SSC values than population A. Clonality studies (cytoplasmic light chain restriction, DNA content studies, and polymerase chain reaction assessment) confirmed the clonal nature of PCs from population B and the polyclonal origin of PCs from population A. Moreover, the polyclonal PCs from MGUS displayed a phenotypic profile identical to that found in PCs from healthy individuals. By contrast, clonal PCs from all MGUS patients displayed a similar antigenic profile to myelomatous PCs, with clear phenotypic differences with respect to normal PCs: lower intensity of CD38 expression and a variable reactivity for markers that were not expressed in normal PCs, such as CD28, CD117, and sIg. Although the presence of residual polyclonal PCs was a constant finding in MGUS patients, it was a rare event in MM and, when present (only 22% of MM cases), its frequency was significantly lower than that observed in MGUS (0.25% versus 32.9%, respectively; P < 0.0001). Only 1.5% of patients with MM had more than 3% of normal PCs, whereas 98% of patients with MGUS had more than 3%. Moreover, as shown by multivariate analysis, the number of residual polyclonal PCs was the most powerful single parameter for the discrimination between MGUS and MM patients at diagnosis, even when only stage I MM cases were considered.Hospital Universitario de Salamanca Universidad de SalamancaHospital Universitario de Salamanc

Enfoque creativo-vivencial de las funciones de los docentes en la aplicación del método de aprendizaje basado en la solución de problemas en Ghana

A descriptive, observational study is done on the functions of Teachers, especially as tutors in teaching biomedical content at the School of Medicine and Health Sciences Tamale (Ghana), from 2008-2011, based on the solution of problems. Among the main difficulties are included: encourage student participation in class, listen to the concerns of students and ask and investigate the reasoning process of students, without, interest in the application of this method continues increase in new medical colleges in the world with development needs. It provides an approach to livelihoods creative-experiential approach from the novel method.Se realiza un estudio descriptivo y observacional sobre las funciones del personal docente, sobre todo en calidad de tutores en la enseñanza de contenidos biomédicos en la Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud de Tamale (Ghana), desde 2008 hasta 2011, a partir del aprendizaje basado en la solución de problemas. Entre las principales dificultades identificadas se encuentran: motivar la participación de los estudiantes en la clase, escuchar las inquietudes de los alumnos, así como preguntar e investigar acerca del proceso de razonamiento de los educandos; sin embargo, el interés por la aplicación de este método continúa aumentando en las nuevas universidades médicas del mundo con necesidades de desarrollo. Se brinda un acercamiento a los sustentos del enfoque creativo-vivencial del novedoso método.

Fatty acid oxidation organizes mitochondrial supercomplexes to sustain astrocytic ROS and cognition

[EN]Having direct access to brain vasculature, astrocytes can take up available blood nutrients and metabolize them to fulfil their own energy needs and deliver metabolic intermediates to local synapses1,2. These glial cells should be, therefore, metabolically adaptable to swap different substrates. However, in vitro and in vivo studies consistently show that astrocytes are primarily glycolytic3-7, suggesting glucose is their main metabolic precursor. Notably, transcriptomic data8,9 and in vitro10 studies reveal that mouse astrocytes are capable of mitochondrially oxidizing fatty acids and that they can detoxify excess neuronal-derived fatty acids in disease models11,12. Still, the factual metabolic advantage of fatty acid use by astrocytes and its physiological impact on higher-order cerebral functions remain unknown. Here, we show that knockout of carnitine-palmitoyl transferase-1A (CPT1A)-a key enzyme of mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation-in adult mouse astrocytes causes cognitive impairment. Mechanistically, decreased fatty acid oxidation rewired astrocytic pyruvate metabolism to facilitate electron flux through a super-assembled mitochondrial respiratory chain, resulting in attenuation of reactive oxygen species formation. Thus, astrocytes naturally metabolize fatty acids to preserve the mitochondrial respiratory chain in an energetically inefficient disassembled conformation that secures signalling reactive oxygen species and sustains cognitive performance

Enfoque creativo-vivencial de las funciones de los docentes en la aplicación del método de aprendizaje basado en la solución de problemas en Ghana

A descriptive, observational study is done on the functions of Teachers, especially as tutors in teaching biomedical content at the School of Medicine and Health Sciences Tamale (Ghana), from 2008-2011, based on the solution of problems. Among the main difficulties are included: encourage student participation in class, listen to the concerns of students and ask and investigate the reasoning process of students, without, interest in the application of this method continues increase in new medical colleges in the world with development needs. It provides an approach to livelihoods creative-experiential approach from the novel method.Se realiza un estudio descriptivo y observacional sobre las funciones del personal docente, sobre todo en calidad de tutores en la enseñanza de contenidos biomédicos en la Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud de Tamale (Ghana), desde 2008 hasta 2011, a partir del aprendizaje basado en la solución de problemas. Entre las principales dificultades identificadas se encuentran: motivar la participación de los estudiantes en la clase, escuchar las inquietudes de los alumnos, así como preguntar e investigar acerca del proceso de razonamiento de los educandos; sin embargo, el interés por la aplicación de este método continúa aumentando en las nuevas universidades médicas del mundo con necesidades de desarrollo. Se brinda un acercamiento a los sustentos del enfoque creativo-vivencial del novedoso método.

Unraveling the effect of silent, intronic and missense mutations on VWF splicing : contribution of next generation sequencing in the study of mRNA

Large studies in von Willebrand disease patients, including Spanish and Portuguese registries, led to the identification of >250 different mutations. It is a challenge to determine the pathogenic effect of potential splice site mutations on VWF mRNA. This study aimed to elucidate the true effects of 18 mutations on VWF mRNA processing, investigate the contribution of next-generation sequencing to in vivo mRNA study in von Willebrand disease, and compare the findings with in silico prediction. RNA extracted from patient platelets and leukocytes was amplified by RT-PCR and sequenced using Sanger and next generation sequencing techniques. Eight mutations affected VWF splicing: c.1533+1G>A, c.5664+2T>C and c.546G>A (p.=) prompted exon skipping; c.3223-7_3236dup and c.7082-2A>G resulted in activation of cryptic sites; c.3379+1G>A and c.7437G>A) demonstrated both molecular pathogenic mechanisms simultaneously; and the p.Cys370Tyr missense mutation generated two aberrant transcripts. Of note, the complete effect of three mutations was provided by next generation sequencing alone because of low expression of the aberrant transcripts. In the remaining 10 mutations, no effect was elucidated in the experiments. However, the differential findings obtained in platelets and leukocytes provided substantial evidence that four of these would have an effect on VWF levels. In this first report using next generation sequencing technology to unravel the effects of VWF mutations on splicing, the technique yielded valuable information. Our data bring to light the importance of studying the effect of synonymous and missense mutations on VWF splicing to improve the current knowledge of the molecular mechanisms behind von Willebrand disease. identifier:02869074