Comparison of classifiers for human activity recognition

The human activity recognition in video sequences is a field where many types of classifiers have been used as well as a wide range of input features that feed these classifiers. This work has a double goal. First of all, we extracted the most relevant features for the activity recognition by only utilizing motion features provided by a simple tracker based on the 2D centroid coordinates and the height and width of each person's blob. Second, we present a performance comparison among seven different classifiers (two Hidden Markov Models (HMM), a J.48 tree, two Bayesian classifiers, a classifier based on rules and a Neuro-Fuzzy system). The video sequences under study present four human activities (inactive, active, walking and running) that have been manual labeled previously. The results show that the classifiers reveal different performance according to the number of features employed and the set of classes to sort. Moreover, the basic motion features are not enough to have a complete description of the problem and obtain a good classification. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2007

Building Ontologies at the Knowledge Level using the Ontology Design Environment

This paper discusses how ontologies can be specified at the knowledge level using the set of intermediate representations (Gómez-Pérez, Fernández & de Vicente 1996) proposed by METHONTOLOGY (Fernández, Gómez-Pérez & Juristo 1997; and Gómez-Pérez 1998). These intermediate representations bridge the gap between how people think about a domain and the languages in which ontologies are formalized. Thus, METHONTOLOGY enables experts and ontology makers unfamiliar with implementation environments to build ontologies from scratch. In this paper, we also present the ODE (Ontology Design Environment) as a software tool to specify ontologies at the knowledge level. ODE allows developers to specify their ontology by filling in tables and drawing graphs. Its multilingual generator module automatically translates the specification of the ontology into target languages

Induced and logarithmic distances with multi-region aggregation operators

Copyright © 2019 The Author(s). Published by VGTU Press. This paper introduces the induced ordered weighted logarithmic averaging IOWLAD and multiregion induced ordered weighted logarithmic averaging MR-IOWLAD operators. The distinctive characteristic of these operators lies in the notion of distance measures combined with the complex reordering mechanism of inducing variables and the properties of the logarithmic averaging operators. The main advantage of MR-IOWLAD operators is their design, which is specifically thought to aid in decision-making when a set of diverse regions with different properties must be considered. Moreover, the induced weighting vector and the distance measure mechanisms of the operator allow for the wider modeling of problems, including heterogeneous information and the complex attitudinal character of experts, when aiming for an ideal scenario. Along with analyzing the main properties of the IOWLAD operators, their families and specific cases, we also introduce some extensions, such as the induced generalized ordered weighted averaging IGOWLAD operator and Choquet integrals. We present the induced Choquet logarithmic distance averaging ICLD operator and the generalized induced Choquet logarithmic distance averaging IGCLD operator. Finally, an illustrative example is proposed, including real-world information retrieved from the United Nations World Statistics for global regions

INTERVENCIONES ENFERMERAS EN TRASTORNOS DUALES: ADICCIONES RELACIONADAS CON TRASTORNOS DE CONDUCTA EN LA INFANCIA

This study aims to analyze the causes and progression of Disruptive Behavior Disorders (DBD), in childhood / adolescence, and its impact on the development of a possible Substance Abuse Disorder (SAD) in order to establish action strategies from nursing, using the taxonomy NANDA-NOC-NIC. The methodology is the systematic search of major databases (Cochrane Library, Tripdatabase, Medline, Lilacs, and CUIDEN), setting narrative and systematic reviews, meta-analysis, Randomized Clinical Trials (RCTs) and non-randomized and observational or descriptive studies indexed in the last ten years, as the selection criteria. Under these criteria finally we selected a total of 20 articles for their special relevance and relationship to the subject of this study. Based on this review, and taking particular account of the nursing study of Miotto Wright, which proposes the Critical-Holistic Model, the protocol outlines a plan of nursing care. The analysis reveals the existence of a cause-effect relationship between the DBD, increasingly common among children and adolescents, and the development of SAD and the great influence the family and community have on this progression. That is why, we believe that the nursing role can be crucial, in the levels of early diagnosis, secondary prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation.El presente estudio trata de analizar las causas y la evolución de los trastornos del comportamiento perturbador (TCP), en la infancia/adolescencia, y su repercusión en el desarrollo de un posible trastorno por abuso de sustancias (TAS), con el fin de establecer estrategias de actuación desde Enfermería, empleando para ello la taxonomía NANDA-NOC-NIC.La metodología utilizada es la búsqueda sistemática en las principales bases de datos (Biblioteca Cochrane, Tripdatabase, Medline, Lilacs, y CUIDEN), estableciendo como criterios de selección las revisiones sistemáticas y narrativas, metaanálisis, ensayos clínicos aleatorizados (ECA´S) y no aleatorizados y estudios descriptivos u observacionales de calidad indexados en los últimos diez años. Bajo estos criterios seleccionamos finalmente un total de 20 artículos, por su especial relevancia y relación con el tema objeto del presente estudio.En base a esta revisión, y teniendo en cuenta especialmente estudios enfermeros como el de Miotto Wright, que propone el Modelo Crítico-Holístico, esbozamos el protocolo de un Plan de Cuidados.Del análisis realizado se desprende la existencia de una relación de causa-efecto entre los TCP, cada vez más frecuentes entre niños y adolescentes y el desarrollo de un TAS, así como la gran influencia que en esta evolución tiene el entorno familiar y comunitario. Es por ello que consideramos que el papel de Enfermería puede ser fundamental, en los niveles de diagnóstico precoz, prevención secundaria, tratamiento y rehabilitación

Phylogeny, biogeography and diversification patterns of side-necked turtles (Testudines: Pleurodira)

Pleurodires or side-necked turtles are today restricted to freshwater environments of South America, Africa– Madagascar and Australia, but in the past they were distributed much more broadly, being found also on Eurasia, India and North America, and marine environments. Two hypotheses were proposed to explain this distribution; in the first, vicariance would have shaped the current geographical distribution and, in the second, extinctions constrained a previously widespread distribution. Here, we aim to reconstruct pleurodiran biogeographic history and diversification patterns based on a new phylogenetic hypothesis recovered from the analysis of the largest morphological dataset yet compiled for the lineage, testing which biogeographical process prevailed during its evolutionary history. The resulting topology generally agrees with previous hypotheses of the group and shows that most diversification shifts were related to the exploration of new niches, e.g. littoral or marine radiations. In addition, as other turtles, pleurodires do not seem to have been much affected by either the Cretaceous– Palaeogene or the Eocene–Oligocene mass extinctions. The biogeographic analyses highlight the predominance of both anagenetic and cladogenetic dispersal events and support the importance of transoceanic dispersals as a more common driver of area changes than previously thought, agreeing with previous studies with other non-turtle lineages.Fil: Ferreira, Gabriel S.. Universidade de Sao Paulo; Brasil. Senckenberg Centre For Human Evolution And Palaeoenvironment; Alemania. Universität Tübingen; AlemaniaFil: Bronzati Filho, Mario. Bayerische Staatssammlung für Paläontologie und Geologie; AlemaniaFil: Langer, Max C.. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Sterli, Juliana. Museo Paleontológico Egidio Feruglio; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Transient Changes in the Plasma of Astrocytic and Neuronal Injury Biomarkers in COVID-19 Patients without Neurological Syndromes

The levels of several glial and neuronal plasma biomarkers have been found to increase during the acute phase in COVID-19 patients with neurological symptoms. However, replications in patients with minor or non-neurological symptoms are needed to understand their potential as indicators of CNS injury or vulnerability. Plasma levels of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), neurofilament light chain protein (NfL), and total Tau (T-tau) were determined by Single molecule array (Simoa) immunoassays in 45 samples from COVID-19 patients in the acute phase of infection [moderate (n = 35), or severe (n = 10)] with minor or non-neurological symptoms; in 26 samples from fully recovered patients after ~2 months of clinical follow-up [moderate (n = 23), or severe (n = 3)]; and in 14 non-infected controls. Plasma levels of the SARS-CoV-2 receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), were also determined by Western blot. Patients with COVID-19 without substantial neurological symptoms had significantly higher plasma concentrations of GFAP, a marker of astrocytic activation/injury, and of NfL and T-tau, markers of axonal damage and neuronal degeneration, compared with controls. All these biomarkers were correlated in COVID-19 patients at the acute phase. Plasma GFAP, NfL and T-tau levels were all normalized after recovery. Recovery was also observed in the return to normal values of the quotient between the ACE2 fragment and circulating full-length species, following the change noticed in the acute phase of infection. None of these biomarkers displayed differences in plasma samples at the acute phase or recovery when the COVID-19 subjects were sub-grouped according to occurrence of minor symptoms at re-evaluation 3 months after the acute episode (so called post-COVID or "long COVID"), such as asthenia, myalgia/arthralgia, anosmia/ageusia, vision impairment, headache or memory loss. Our study demonstrated altered plasma GFAP, NfL and T-tau levels in COVID-19 patients without substantial neurological manifestation at the acute phase of the disease, providing a suitable indication of CNS vulnerability; but these biomarkers fail to predict the occurrence of delayed minor neurological symptoms

Morbilidad psiquiátrica percibida por los médicos generales y prescripción de psicofármacos en la zona sur de Madrid.

Se revisan los resultados de un estudio realizado a través de cuestionarios pasados a unos de cada siete de los 19.961 pacientes que acudieron a las consultas de medicina general del lNSAL UD en dos ambulatorios y cinco consultorios de la zona sur de Madrid durante cinco días para estudiar la prevalencia de diagnósticos psiquiátricos (se utiliza la clasificación ICHPPC-2), la prescripción de psicofármacos y las derivaciones al escalón especializado en salud mental. Se obtienen resultados congruentes con los de otros estudios realizados en nuestro país, en cuanto a porcentaje de pacientes con diagnóstico de trastorno mental (5,34 %), el porcentaje es menor que el hallado en otros países. Se discute la sensibilidad y especificidad de los diagnósticos de los trastornos "menores" por los médicos generales, no se confirma la mayor predisposición de este grupo de pacientes a padecer otro tipo de trastornos, se encuentra bien representado el grupo de pacientes con patología "pesada" y se discuten las pautas de prescripción de psicofármacos

Morbilidad psiquiátrica percibida por los médicos generales y prescripción de psicofármacos en la zona sur de Madrid.

Se revisan los resultados de un estudio realizado a través de cuestionarios pasados a unos de cada siete de los 19.961 pacientes que acudieron a las consultas de medicina general del lNSAL UD en dos ambulatorios y cinco consultorios de la zona sur de Madrid durante cinco días para estudiar la prevalencia de diagnósticos psiquiátricos (se utiliza la clasificación ICHPPC-2), la prescripción de psicofármacos y las derivaciones al escalón especializado en salud mental. Se obtienen resultados congruentes con los de otros estudios realizados en nuestro país, en cuanto a porcentaje de pacientes con diagnóstico de trastorno mental (5,34 %), el porcentaje es menor que el hallado en otros países. Se discute la sensibilidad y especificidad de los diagnósticos de los trastornos "menores" por los médicos generales, no se confirma la mayor predisposición de este grupo de pacientes a padecer otro tipo de trastornos, se encuentra bien representado el grupo de pacientes con patología "pesada" y se discuten las pautas de prescripción de psicofármacos