The discursive representation of online grooming in children’s accounts within child help line contexts

Este artículo ofrece el primer análisis discursivo del relato del menor sobre su experiencia de ciberacoso sexual en un contexto terapéutico español. Los datos provienen de todas las consultas de menores al teléfono de ayuda de la Fundación ANAR sobre CSM (ciberacoso sexual a menores) en España (2013-2020, 81 conversaciones, 34 102 palabras). El estudio toma como referente el modelo de análisis del discurso del CSM diseñado por Lorenzo-Dus et al. (2020) y Lorenzo-Dus (2023) y se centra en las interpretaciones que hacen los menores de su experiencia. Los resultados muestran que los menores se refieren más al comportamiento comunicativo del ciberacosador (58 %) que al suyo (42 %). Aplicando las categorías del modelo, en la narración discursiva de su caso, las víctimas hacen hincapié en las tácticas del agresor de satisfacción sexual (26 %) y desarrollo de la confianza (32 %) y en sus conductas de desarrollo de la confianza (43 %) y contacto continuado (28 %). Estos resultados muestran que cuando los menores cuentan su experiencia de CSM a un terapeuta sienten que están, o han estado, en una relación, incluso la consideran romántica. Además, nuestra investigación revela el impacto del uso tan complejo de las estrategias de (des)cortesía de los acosadores sobre sus víctimas. El relato de los menores acosados da cuenta de que la extorsión que perciben se articula en torno a las estrategias de descortesía de causar miedo e invasión de su privacidad digital (Culpeper 1996; Mullineux-Morgan y Lorenzo-Dus 2021). Los resultados contribuyen a un mayor conocimiento del funcionamiento de los procesos comunicativos de atrapamiento del menor desde su voz, lo que es novedoso en los estudios sobre el CSM en general y, sobre todo, en el caso del español. Desde una perspectiva aplicada, lo más relevante es que los resultados dan cuenta de la voz del menor acosado por primera vez. Esto puede contribuir a mejorar las acciones contra el CSM realizadas por profesionales que velan por la seguridad de los menores, como la policía, los servicios sociales y los educadores.This article pioneers analysis of children’s experiences of Online Child Sexual Grooming (OCSG) as relayed to counsellors at a child helpline in Spain. The data comprises the transcribed record of all the child-counsellor telephone conversations about OCSG made to Fundación ANAR’s child helpline service between 2013-2019 2019 in Spain (81 conversations, 34,102 words). The analysis uses a discourse-based model of OCSG (Lorenzo-Dus et al. 2020; Lorenzo-Dus 2023), centring on children’s interpretation of offenders’ manipulative tactics of entrapment as well as children’s communicative behaviour during the OCSG process. Our analysis shows that children’s discourse about OCSG generated within the counselling context focuses on the groomers’ tactics of sexual gratification (26%) and deceptive trust development (32%), and the children’s behaviour of trust development (43%) and further contact (28%). These findings suggest that, when relaying their experience of OCSG to a counsellor, many children feel they are/were in a relationship, including a romantic relationship. The findings also reveal some of the complex relational work that groomers perform during OCSG and its impact on the children they prey on. Children’s accounts of perceived sextortion are articulated around groomers’ impoliteness strategies of causing fear and invasion of their digital privacy (Culpeper 1996; Mullineux-Morgan and Lorenzo-Dus 2021). This study contributes to a better understanding of the child’s communicative processes of entrapment through mainstreaming their own voice, which is novel in studies on OCSG in general and, in the case of Spanish data in particular. Importantly, and from an applied research perspective, our findings may be used to inform the ongoing development of targeted interventions against OCSG for professionals in child-safeguarding roles, such as police officers, social workers, and educators.Esta publicación es parte de los proyectos (i) Generalitat Valenciana AICO/2020/166/“Ciberacoso sexual a menores (Grooming): de la detección de patrones lingüísticos de acosadores y víctimas a la elaboración de materiales de prevención” y (ii) I+D+i/PID2020-117964RB-I00, financiado por MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 “Ciberacoso sexual a menores: perfiles lingüísticos para el desarrollo de herramientas digitales forenses para prevención, detección y priorización en España”

La construction de la connaissance sur les caractéristiques de l’apprentissage des mathématiques à travers des analyses de vidéos

En este artículo abordamos la construcción de conocimiento sobre las características de aprendizaje matemático. Nos centramos en cómo tres estudiantes para maestro analizan un video en el que una maestra de primaria trabaja contenidos de geometría con sus alumnos. Mostraremos cómo la discusión del video da a estos tres estudiantes para maestro la oportunidad de mirar profesionalmente el aprendizaje de los alumnos que en él aparecen, movilizando lo aprendido en cursos previos y creando la posibilidad de generar nuevo conocimiento a través de sus intentos por comprender a los alumnos.Neste artigo focamo-nos na construção de conhecimento sobre as características de aprendizagem matemática por três futuros professores dos primeiros anos através da análise de um vídeo onde uma professora explora conteúdos geometria. Mostraremos como a discussão do vídeo permite a estes três futuros professores a oportunidade de analisar as aprendizagens dos alunos, mobilizando as discussões ocorridas na sua própria formação inicial e criando a possibilidade de gerar novos conhecimentos através das suas tentativas de compreender os alunos.In this paper, we approach the development of knowledge of features of the learning of mathematics, by three prospective primary teachers through the analysis of a video where a primary teacher teaches geometry to her pupils. We show how the discussion of the video gives to the three prospective primary teachers the opportunity of professionally noticing pupils’ learning, implementing what they learnt in previous courses and creating the possibility to generate new knowledge when they try to understand the pupils.Cet article traite de la construction de la connaissance des caractéristiques de l'apprentissage des mathématiques de trois étudiants de DPPE (Diplôme Professionnel de Professeur des Écoles) à travers l'analyse d'une vidéo dans laquelle un enseignant de l'école primaire utilise concepts géométriques avec leurs élèves. On va montrer comment la discussion de la vidéo donne à ces trois étudiants de DPPE l’occasion d’observer l'apprentissage des élèves d’une manière professionnel, en utilisant ce qu’ils ont appris et en générant la possibilité de créer de nouvelles connaissances par des tentatives pour comprendre les élèves

Diagnostic reliability of plain radiography in Osteonecrosis of the femoral head: general radiological features revised

Background and Objectives: Osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) is an incapacitating disease that frequently results in the collapse of the femoral head and secondary osteoarthritis. The diagnosis and staging of this pathology, which usually rely on imaging studies, are challenging. Currently, conventional radiography is the basis of the initial diagnostic assessment. In recent decades, however, radiographs have been considered insensitive to early changes in ONFH and thus, a suboptimal diagnostic tool. Paradoxically, the imaging features of radiographs are often profuse, substantial, and characteristic. This study aimed to elucidate the real limitations of this radiologic tool by assessing the diagnostic reliability of the key radiologic features and staging. Methods: This was a retrospective study in which radiographs from 28 idiopathic ONFH confirmed cases who underwent hip arthroplasty were analyzed by eight observers who were asked to identify the presence or absence of ONFH universally reported imaging features in AP hip radiographs. Results: Concordance analysis revealed a poor agreement between observers for most of the assessed imaging features. Only the identification of femoral head flattening and osteoarthritis signs exhibited moderate agreement with statistical significance. In contrast, the detection of radiological osteoporosis and the loss of trabeculation showed the lowest reliability, with negative kappa coefficients. Conclusion: There is a lack of agreement between qualified observers, even for the identification of the most characteristic ONFH radiographic features. The reliability of plain radiography for the detection of basic radiological elements is even weaker in the early stages of the disease.Funding: This research was funded by a grant from the Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla-IDIVAL (PREVAL19/02). Acknowledgments: Declared none

Una experiencia de innovación a través de la investigación sobre el conocimiento matemático especializado de los futuros maestros

Conscientes de la importancia de nuestra formación para promover un mejor aprendizaje de nuestros alumnos, decidimos acometer un proyecto que aunara nuestra inquietud por la mejora continua de nuestra docencia y el análisis sistemático de la repercusión de esta en el proceso de aprender a enseñar de los futuros maestros. En este trabajo presentamos las características principales de una experiencia de innovación que hemos llevado a cabo en el contexto de un proyecto de investigación educativa. El objetivo fundamental es la comprensión del conocimiento matemático especializado de los futuros maestros de primaria cuando analizan un vídeo en el que una maestra de primaria trabaja contenidos de geometría con sus alumnos. Mostramos algunos resultados sobre cómo la discusión en torno al vídeo da la oportunidad a tres estudiantes para maestro de desarrollar una mirada profesional sobre el aprendizaje de los alumnos.As far as we are aware of the importance of our development to promote better learning of our students, we have decided to launch a project that join our concern for the continuous improvement of our teaching and the systematic analysis of the impact of it in the process of learning how to teach. In this paper, we present the main features of an experience of innovation that we have carried out in the context of an educational research project. Our main objective is approaching the specialized mathematical knowledge of prospective primary teachers when they analyze a video where a primary teacher works geometry with her students. We present some results on how the discussion around the video brings three prospective primary teachers the opportunity to develop a professional noticing on students' learning

Prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in a multicentre cohort of people living with HIV in Spain

[Background] Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most important liver comorbidities in people living with HIV (PLWH). Factors that could lead to a higher prevalence of NAFLD or ease the onset of fibrosis are unclear.[Methods] Cohort study of the Spanish HIV Research Network, which comprehends 46 hospitals and more than 15,000 PLWH. Primary objectives were to assess NAFLD prevalence and liver fibrosis according to hepatic steatosis index (HSI) and NAFLD fibrosis score, respectively. Factors associated with both were analysed.[Results] A total of 4798 PLWH were included of whom 1461 (30.5%) showed an HSI>36; these patients had higher risk for significant fibrosis (OR 1.91; 95%CI 1.11–3.28). Factors associated with NAFLD were body mass index (OR 2.05; 95%CI 1.94–2.16) and diabetes (OR 4.68; 95%CI 2.17–10.08), while exposure to integrase strand transfer inhibitors showed a lower risk (OR 0.78; 95%CI 0.62–0.97). In patients with HSI>36, being female (OR 7.33; 95%CI 1.34–40), age (OR 1.22; 95%CI 1.11–1.34), body mass index (OR 1.35; 95%CI 1.18–1.54) and exposure to thymidine analogues (OR 75.4, 95%CI 6.9–823.5) were associated with a higher risk of significant fibrosis. However, exposure to non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (OR 0.12, 95%CI 0.02–0.89) and time of exposure to protease inhibitors (OR 0.97, 95%CI 0.95–1) showed a lower risk.[Conclusion] NAFLD prevalence was high in our cohort. Patients exposed to INSTI showed a lower risk of NAFLD. In patients with hepatic steatosis, exposure to thymidine analogues had 75-fold more risk of significant fibrosis while exposure to NNRTIs reduced this risk.The RIS cohort (CoRIS) is supported by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III through the “Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Sida (RD06/006, RD12/0017/0018 and RD16/0002/0006)” as part of the “Plan Nacional I+D+I” and cofinanced by “ISCIII-Subdirección General de Evaluación” and the “Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER)”.Peer reviewe

Rat hepatitis E virus (Rocahepevirus ratti) in people living with HIV [Dataset]

Appendix of Emerging Microbes & Infections 13: 2295389 (2024)Rat hepatitis E virus (ratHEV; species Rocahepevirus ratti) is considered a newly emerging cause of acute hepatitis of zoonotic origin. ratHEV infection of people living with HIV (PLWH) might portend a worse, as with hepatitis E virus (HEV; species Paslahepevirus balayani), and consequently this group may constitute a high-risk population. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence of ratHEV by measuring viral RNA and specific IgG antibodies in a large Spanish cohort of PLWH. Multicentre study conducted in Spain evaluating PLWHIV included in the Spanish AIDS Research Network (CoRIS). Patients were evaluated for ratHEV infection using PCR at baseline and anti-ratHEV IgG by dot blot analysis to evaluate exposure to ratHEV strains. Patients with detectable ratHEV RNA were followed-up to evaluate persistence of viremia and IgG seroconversion. Eight-hundred and forty-two individuals were tested. A total of 9 individuals showed specific IgG antibodies against ratHEV, supposing a prevalence of 1.1 (95% CI; 0.5%−2.1%). Of these, only one was reactive to HEV IgG antibodies by ELISA. One sample was positive for ratHEV RNA (prevalence of infection: 0.1%; 95% CI: 0.08%−0.7%). The case was a man who had sex with men exhibiting a slightly increased alanine transaminase level (49 IU/L) as only biochemical alteration. In the follow-up, the patients showed undetectable ratHEV RNA and seroconversion to specific ratHEV IgG antibodies. Our study shows that ratHEV is geographical broadly distributed in Spain, representing a potential zoonotic threat.This work was supported by the Andalusian General Secretariat for Research, Development, and Innovation in Health (PI-0287-2019), the Spanish Ministry of Health (RD12/0017/0012), co-financed by European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), and the Carlos III Health Institute (Research Project grant numbers: PI21/00793 and PI22/01098). Projects “PI21/00793” and “PI22/01098” were funded by Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII) and co-funded by the European Union. ARJ is the recipient of a “Miguel Servet” Research Contract by the Spanish Ministry of Sciences (CP18/00111). JCG is supported by the CIBERINFEC (CB21/13/00083), Carlos III Health Institute, Spanish Ministry os Science and NextGenerationEU. MCJ is the recipient of a PFIS predoctoral grant (FI22/00180) from the Carlos III Health Institute and co-funded by the European Union. DCM is the recipient of a “Rio-Hortega” (CM22/00176) grant from the Carlos III Health Institute and co-funded by the European Union. PLL is the recipient of a “Margarita Salas” contract funded by NextGeneration EU. TGG is recipient of a “Ramon y Cajal” contract funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and NextGeneration EU/PRTR. The laboratory of R.G.U. is supported by DZIF Thematic Translational Unit (TTU) “Emerging Infections” (grant number 01.808; awarded to R.G.U.). The HIV BioBank is supported by Carlos III Health Institute (PT20/00138) and Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, CIBER-BBN (CB22/01/00041). CoRIS cohort is supported by CIBER (CB21/13/00091), Carlos III Health Institute, Spanish Ministry of Sciences NextGenerationEU.Peer reviewe

Effectiveness of fosfomycin trometamol as oral step-down therapy for bacteraemic urinary tract infections due to MDR Escherichia coli: a post hoc analysis of the FOREST randomized tria

©2023 The Author(s). This manuscript version is made available under the CC-BY 4.0 license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. This document is the Published, version of a Published Work that appeared in final form in Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. To access the final edited and published work see https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkad147Background: Fosfomycin is a potentially attractive option as step-down therapy for bacteraemic urinary tract infections (BUTI), but available data are scarce. Our objective was to compare the effectiveness and safety of fosfomycin trometamol and other oral drugs as step-down therapy in patients with BUTI due to MDR Escherichia coli (MDR-Ec). Methods: Participants in the FOREST trial (comparing IV fosfomycin with ceftriaxone or meropenem for BUTI caused by MDR-Ec in 22 Spanish hospitals from June 2014 to December 2018) who were stepped-down to oral fosfomycin (3 g q48h) or other drugs were included. The primary endpoint was clinical and microbiological cure (CMC) 5–7 days after finalization of treatment. A multivariate analysis was performed using logistic regression to estimate the association of oral step-down with fosfomycin with CMC adjusted for confounders. Results: Overall, 61 patients switched to oral fosfomycin trometamol and 47 to other drugs (cefuroxime axetil, 28; amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, 7 each; ciprofloxacin, 5) were included. CMC was reached by 48/61 patients (78.7%) treated with fosfomycin trometamol and 38/47 (80.9%) with other drugs (difference, −2.2; 95% CI: −17.5 to 13.1; P = 0.38). Subgroup analyses provided similar results. Relapses occurred in 9/61 (15.0%) and 2/47 (4.3%) of patients, respectively (P = 0.03). The adjusted OR for CMC was 1.11 (95% CI: 0.42–3.29, P = 0.75). No relevant differences in adverse events were seen. Conclusions: Fosfomycin trometamol might be a reasonable option as step-down therapy in patients with BUTI due to MDR-Ec but the higher rate of relapses would need further assessment

Genomic Characterization of Host Factors Related to SARS-CoV-2 Infection in People with Dementia and Control Populations: The GR@ACE/DEGESCO Study

Emerging studies have suggested several chromosomal regions as potential host genetic factors involved in the susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection and disease outcome. We nested a COVID-19 genome-wide association study using the GR@ACE/DEGESCO study, searching for susceptibility factors associated with COVID-19 disease. To this end, we compared 221 COVID-19 confirmed cases with 17,035 individuals in whom the COVID-19 disease status was unknown. Then, we performed a meta-analysis with the publicly available data from the COVID-19 Host Genetics Initiative. Because the APOE locus has been suggested as a potential modifier of COVID-19 disease, we added sensitivity analyses stratifying by dementia status or by disease severity. We confirmed the existence of the 3p21.31 region (LZTFL1, SLC6A20) implicated in the susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection and TYK2 gene might be involved in COVID-19 severity. Nevertheless, no statistically significant association was observed in the COVID-19 fatal outcome or in the stratified analyses (dementia-only and non-dementia strata) for the APOE locus not supporting its involvement in SARS-CoV-2 pathobiology or COVID-19 prognosis

Unraveling the effect of silent, intronic and missense mutations on VWF splicing : contribution of next generation sequencing in the study of mRNA

Large studies in von Willebrand disease patients, including Spanish and Portuguese registries, led to the identification of >250 different mutations. It is a challenge to determine the pathogenic effect of potential splice site mutations on VWF mRNA. This study aimed to elucidate the true effects of 18 mutations on VWF mRNA processing, investigate the contribution of next-generation sequencing to in vivo mRNA study in von Willebrand disease, and compare the findings with in silico prediction. RNA extracted from patient platelets and leukocytes was amplified by RT-PCR and sequenced using Sanger and next generation sequencing techniques. Eight mutations affected VWF splicing: c.1533+1G>A, c.5664+2T>C and c.546G>A (p.=) prompted exon skipping; c.3223-7_3236dup and c.7082-2A>G resulted in activation of cryptic sites; c.3379+1G>A and c.7437G>A) demonstrated both molecular pathogenic mechanisms simultaneously; and the p.Cys370Tyr missense mutation generated two aberrant transcripts. Of note, the complete effect of three mutations was provided by next generation sequencing alone because of low expression of the aberrant transcripts. In the remaining 10 mutations, no effect was elucidated in the experiments. However, the differential findings obtained in platelets and leukocytes provided substantial evidence that four of these would have an effect on VWF levels. In this first report using next generation sequencing technology to unravel the effects of VWF mutations on splicing, the technique yielded valuable information. Our data bring to light the importance of studying the effect of synonymous and missense mutations on VWF splicing to improve the current knowledge of the molecular mechanisms behind von Willebrand disease. identifier:02869074