The discursive representation of online grooming in children’s accounts within child help line contexts

Este artículo ofrece el primer análisis discursivo del relato del menor sobre su experiencia de ciberacoso sexual en un contexto terapéutico español. Los datos provienen de todas las consultas de menores al teléfono de ayuda de la Fundación ANAR sobre CSM (ciberacoso sexual a menores) en España (2013-2020, 81 conversaciones, 34 102 palabras). El estudio toma como referente el modelo de análisis del discurso del CSM diseñado por Lorenzo-Dus et al. (2020) y Lorenzo-Dus (2023) y se centra en las interpretaciones que hacen los menores de su experiencia. Los resultados muestran que los menores se refieren más al comportamiento comunicativo del ciberacosador (58 %) que al suyo (42 %). Aplicando las categorías del modelo, en la narración discursiva de su caso, las víctimas hacen hincapié en las tácticas del agresor de satisfacción sexual (26 %) y desarrollo de la confianza (32 %) y en sus conductas de desarrollo de la confianza (43 %) y contacto continuado (28 %). Estos resultados muestran que cuando los menores cuentan su experiencia de CSM a un terapeuta sienten que están, o han estado, en una relación, incluso la consideran romántica. Además, nuestra investigación revela el impacto del uso tan complejo de las estrategias de (des)cortesía de los acosadores sobre sus víctimas. El relato de los menores acosados da cuenta de que la extorsión que perciben se articula en torno a las estrategias de descortesía de causar miedo e invasión de su privacidad digital (Culpeper 1996; Mullineux-Morgan y Lorenzo-Dus 2021). Los resultados contribuyen a un mayor conocimiento del funcionamiento de los procesos comunicativos de atrapamiento del menor desde su voz, lo que es novedoso en los estudios sobre el CSM en general y, sobre todo, en el caso del español. Desde una perspectiva aplicada, lo más relevante es que los resultados dan cuenta de la voz del menor acosado por primera vez. Esto puede contribuir a mejorar las acciones contra el CSM realizadas por profesionales que velan por la seguridad de los menores, como la policía, los servicios sociales y los educadores.This article pioneers analysis of children’s experiences of Online Child Sexual Grooming (OCSG) as relayed to counsellors at a child helpline in Spain. The data comprises the transcribed record of all the child-counsellor telephone conversations about OCSG made to Fundación ANAR’s child helpline service between 2013-2019 2019 in Spain (81 conversations, 34,102 words). The analysis uses a discourse-based model of OCSG (Lorenzo-Dus et al. 2020; Lorenzo-Dus 2023), centring on children’s interpretation of offenders’ manipulative tactics of entrapment as well as children’s communicative behaviour during the OCSG process. Our analysis shows that children’s discourse about OCSG generated within the counselling context focuses on the groomers’ tactics of sexual gratification (26%) and deceptive trust development (32%), and the children’s behaviour of trust development (43%) and further contact (28%). These findings suggest that, when relaying their experience of OCSG to a counsellor, many children feel they are/were in a relationship, including a romantic relationship. The findings also reveal some of the complex relational work that groomers perform during OCSG and its impact on the children they prey on. Children’s accounts of perceived sextortion are articulated around groomers’ impoliteness strategies of causing fear and invasion of their digital privacy (Culpeper 1996; Mullineux-Morgan and Lorenzo-Dus 2021). This study contributes to a better understanding of the child’s communicative processes of entrapment through mainstreaming their own voice, which is novel in studies on OCSG in general and, in the case of Spanish data in particular. Importantly, and from an applied research perspective, our findings may be used to inform the ongoing development of targeted interventions against OCSG for professionals in child-safeguarding roles, such as police officers, social workers, and educators.Esta publicación es parte de los proyectos (i) Generalitat Valenciana AICO/2020/166/“Ciberacoso sexual a menores (Grooming): de la detección de patrones lingüísticos de acosadores y víctimas a la elaboración de materiales de prevención” y (ii) I+D+i/PID2020-117964RB-I00, financiado por MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 “Ciberacoso sexual a menores: perfiles lingüísticos para el desarrollo de herramientas digitales forenses para prevención, detección y priorización en España”

La construction de la connaissance sur les caractéristiques de l’apprentissage des mathématiques à travers des analyses de vidéos

En este artículo abordamos la construcción de conocimiento sobre las características de aprendizaje matemático. Nos centramos en cómo tres estudiantes para maestro analizan un video en el que una maestra de primaria trabaja contenidos de geometría con sus alumnos. Mostraremos cómo la discusión del video da a estos tres estudiantes para maestro la oportunidad de mirar profesionalmente el aprendizaje de los alumnos que en él aparecen, movilizando lo aprendido en cursos previos y creando la posibilidad de generar nuevo conocimiento a través de sus intentos por comprender a los alumnos.Neste artigo focamo-nos na construção de conhecimento sobre as características de aprendizagem matemática por três futuros professores dos primeiros anos através da análise de um vídeo onde uma professora explora conteúdos geometria. Mostraremos como a discussão do vídeo permite a estes três futuros professores a oportunidade de analisar as aprendizagens dos alunos, mobilizando as discussões ocorridas na sua própria formação inicial e criando a possibilidade de gerar novos conhecimentos através das suas tentativas de compreender os alunos.In this paper, we approach the development of knowledge of features of the learning of mathematics, by three prospective primary teachers through the analysis of a video where a primary teacher teaches geometry to her pupils. We show how the discussion of the video gives to the three prospective primary teachers the opportunity of professionally noticing pupils’ learning, implementing what they learnt in previous courses and creating the possibility to generate new knowledge when they try to understand the pupils.Cet article traite de la construction de la connaissance des caractéristiques de l'apprentissage des mathématiques de trois étudiants de DPPE (Diplôme Professionnel de Professeur des Écoles) à travers l'analyse d'une vidéo dans laquelle un enseignant de l'école primaire utilise concepts géométriques avec leurs élèves. On va montrer comment la discussion de la vidéo donne à ces trois étudiants de DPPE l’occasion d’observer l'apprentissage des élèves d’une manière professionnel, en utilisant ce qu’ils ont appris et en générant la possibilité de créer de nouvelles connaissances par des tentatives pour comprendre les élèves

Una experiencia de innovación a través de la investigación sobre el conocimiento matemático especializado de los futuros maestros

Conscientes de la importancia de nuestra formación para promover un mejor aprendizaje de nuestros alumnos, decidimos acometer un proyecto que aunara nuestra inquietud por la mejora continua de nuestra docencia y el análisis sistemático de la repercusión de esta en el proceso de aprender a enseñar de los futuros maestros. En este trabajo presentamos las características principales de una experiencia de innovación que hemos llevado a cabo en el contexto de un proyecto de investigación educativa. El objetivo fundamental es la comprensión del conocimiento matemático especializado de los futuros maestros de primaria cuando analizan un vídeo en el que una maestra de primaria trabaja contenidos de geometría con sus alumnos. Mostramos algunos resultados sobre cómo la discusión en torno al vídeo da la oportunidad a tres estudiantes para maestro de desarrollar una mirada profesional sobre el aprendizaje de los alumnos.As far as we are aware of the importance of our development to promote better learning of our students, we have decided to launch a project that join our concern for the continuous improvement of our teaching and the systematic analysis of the impact of it in the process of learning how to teach. In this paper, we present the main features of an experience of innovation that we have carried out in the context of an educational research project. Our main objective is approaching the specialized mathematical knowledge of prospective primary teachers when they analyze a video where a primary teacher works geometry with her students. We present some results on how the discussion around the video brings three prospective primary teachers the opportunity to develop a professional noticing on students' learning

Genomic Characterization of Host Factors Related to SARS-CoV-2 Infection in People with Dementia and Control Populations: The GR@ACE/DEGESCO Study

Emerging studies have suggested several chromosomal regions as potential host genetic factors involved in the susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection and disease outcome. We nested a COVID-19 genome-wide association study using the GR@ACE/DEGESCO study, searching for susceptibility factors associated with COVID-19 disease. To this end, we compared 221 COVID-19 confirmed cases with 17,035 individuals in whom the COVID-19 disease status was unknown. Then, we performed a meta-analysis with the publicly available data from the COVID-19 Host Genetics Initiative. Because the APOE locus has been suggested as a potential modifier of COVID-19 disease, we added sensitivity analyses stratifying by dementia status or by disease severity. We confirmed the existence of the 3p21.31 region (LZTFL1, SLC6A20) implicated in the susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection and TYK2 gene might be involved in COVID-19 severity. Nevertheless, no statistically significant association was observed in the COVID-19 fatal outcome or in the stratified analyses (dementia-only and non-dementia strata) for the APOE locus not supporting its involvement in SARS-CoV-2 pathobiology or COVID-19 prognosis

Unraveling the effect of silent, intronic and missense mutations on VWF splicing : contribution of next generation sequencing in the study of mRNA

Large studies in von Willebrand disease patients, including Spanish and Portuguese registries, led to the identification of >250 different mutations. It is a challenge to determine the pathogenic effect of potential splice site mutations on VWF mRNA. This study aimed to elucidate the true effects of 18 mutations on VWF mRNA processing, investigate the contribution of next-generation sequencing to in vivo mRNA study in von Willebrand disease, and compare the findings with in silico prediction. RNA extracted from patient platelets and leukocytes was amplified by RT-PCR and sequenced using Sanger and next generation sequencing techniques. Eight mutations affected VWF splicing: c.1533+1G>A, c.5664+2T>C and c.546G>A (p.=) prompted exon skipping; c.3223-7_3236dup and c.7082-2A>G resulted in activation of cryptic sites; c.3379+1G>A and c.7437G>A) demonstrated both molecular pathogenic mechanisms simultaneously; and the p.Cys370Tyr missense mutation generated two aberrant transcripts. Of note, the complete effect of three mutations was provided by next generation sequencing alone because of low expression of the aberrant transcripts. In the remaining 10 mutations, no effect was elucidated in the experiments. However, the differential findings obtained in platelets and leukocytes provided substantial evidence that four of these would have an effect on VWF levels. In this first report using next generation sequencing technology to unravel the effects of VWF mutations on splicing, the technique yielded valuable information. Our data bring to light the importance of studying the effect of synonymous and missense mutations on VWF splicing to improve the current knowledge of the molecular mechanisms behind von Willebrand disease. identifier:02869074

Occurrence of SARS-CoV-2 viremia is associated with genetic variants of genes related to COVID-19 pathogenesis

IntroductionSARS-CoV-2 viral load has been related to COVID-19 severity. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between SARS-CoV-2 viremia and SNPs in genes previously studied by our group as predictors of COVID-19 severity.Materials and methodsRetrospective observational study including 340 patients hospitalized for COVID-19 in the University Hospital La Princesa between March 2020 and December 2021, with at least one viremia determination. Positive viremia was considered when viral load was above the quantifiable threshold (20 copies/ml). A total of 38 SNPs were genotyped. To study their association with viremia a multivariate logistic regression was performed.ResultsThe mean age of the studied population was 64.5 years (SD 16.6), 60.9% patients were male and 79.4% white non-Hispanic. Only 126 patients (37.1%) had at least one positive viremia. After adjustment by confounders, the presence of the minor alleles of rs2071746 (HMOX1; T/T genotype OR 9.9 p < 0.0001), rs78958998 (probably associated with SERPING1 expression; A/T genotype OR 2.3, p = 0.04 and T/T genotype OR 12.9, p < 0.0001), and rs713400 (eQTL for TMPRSS2; C/T + T/T genotype OR 1.86, p = 0.10) were associated with higher risk of viremia, whereas the minor alleles of rs11052877 (CD69; A/G genotype OR 0.5, p = 0.04 and G/G genotype OR 0.3, p = 0.01), rs2660 (OAS1; A/G genotype OR 0.6, p = 0.08), rs896 (VIPR1; T/T genotype OR 0.4, p = 0.02) and rs33980500 (TRAF3IP2; C/T + T/T genotype OR 0.3, p = 0.01) were associated with lower risk of viremia.ConclusionGenetic variants in HMOX1 (rs2071746), SERPING1 (rs78958998), TMPRSS2 (rs713400), CD69 (rs11052877), TRAF3IP2 (rs33980500), OAS1 (rs2660) and VIPR1 (rs896) could explain heterogeneity in SARS-CoV-2 viremia in our population

Effectiveness of Fosfomycin for the Treatment of Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli Bacteremic Urinary Tract Infections

IMPORTANCE The consumption of broad-spectrum drugs has increased as a consequence of the spread of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli. Finding alternatives for these infections is critical, for which some neglected drugs may be an option. OBJECTIVE To determine whether fosfomycin is noninferior to ceftriaxone or meropenem in the targeted treatment of bacteremic urinary tract infections (bUTIs) due to MDR E coli. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This multicenter, randomized, pragmatic, open clinical trial was conducted at 22 Spanish hospitals from June 2014 to December 2018. Eligible participants were adult patients with bacteremic urinary tract infections due to MDR E coli; 161 of 1578 screened patients were randomized and followed up for 60 days. Data were analyzed in May 2021. INTERVENTIONS Patients were randomized 1 to 1 to receive intravenous fosfomycin disodium at 4 g every 6 hours (70 participants) or a comparator (ceftriaxone or meropenem if resistant; 73 participants) with the option to switch to oral fosfomycin trometamol for the fosfomycin group or an active oral drug or pa renteral ertapenem for the comparator group after 4 days. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcome was clinical and microbiological cure (CMC) 5 to 7 days after finalization of treatment; a noninferiority margin of 7% was considered. RESULTS Among 143 patients in the modified intention-to-treat population (median [IQR] age, 72 [62-81] years; 73 [51.0%] women), 48 of 70 patients (68.6%) treated with fosfomycin and 57 of 73 patients (78.1%) treated with comparators reached CMC (risk difference, -9.4 percentage points; 1-sided 95% CI, -21.5 to infinity percentage points; P = .10). While clinical or microbiological failure occurred among 10 patients (14.3%) treated with fosfomycin and 14 patients (19.7%) treated with comparators (risk difference, -5.4 percentage points; 1-sided 95% CI. -infinity to 4.9; percentage points; P = .19), an increased rate of adverse event-related discontinuations occurred with fosfomycin vs comparators (6 discontinuations [8.5%] vs 0 discontinuations; P = .006). In an exploratory analysis among a subset of 38 patients who underwent rectal colonization studies, patients treated with fosfomycin acquired a new ceftriaxone-resistant or meropenem-resistant gram-negative bacteria at a decreased rate compared with patients treated with comparators (0 of 21 patients vs 4 of 17 patients [23.5%]; 1-sided P = .01). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This study found that fosfomycin did not demonstrate noninferiority to comparators as targeted treatment of bUTI from MDR E coli; this was due to an increased rate of adverse event-related discontinuations. This finding suggests that fosfomycin may be considered for selected patients with these infections

Heritage and the Sea: Maritime History and Archaeology of the Global Iberian World (15th -18th centuries)

This two-volume set highlights the importance of Iberian shipbuilding in the centuries of the so-called first globalization (15th to 18th), in confluence with an unprecedented extension of ocean navigation and seafaring and a greater demand for natural resources (especially timber), mostly oak (Quercus spp.) and Pine (Pinus spp.). The chapters are framed in a multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary line of research that integrates history, Geographic Information Sciences, underwater archaeology, dendrochronology and wood provenance techniques. This line of research was developed during the ForSEAdiscovery project, which had a great impact in the academic and scientific world and brought together experts from Europe and America. The volumes deliver a state-of-the-art review of the latest lines of research related to Iberian maritime history and archaeology and their developing interdisciplinary interaction with dendroarchaeology. This synthesis combines an analysis of historical sources, the systematic study of wreck-remains and material culture related to Iberian seafaring from the 15th to the 18th centuries, and the application of earth sciences, including dendrochronology. The set can be used as a manual or work guide for experts and students, and will also be an interesting read for non-experts interested in the subject.Volume 1 focuses on the history and archaeology of seafaring and shipbuilding in the Iberian early modern world, complemented by case studies on timber trade and supply for shipbuilding, analysis of shipbuilding treatises, and the application of Geographic Information Systems and Databases (GIS) to the study of shipwrecks.Volume 2 focuses on approaches to the study of shipwrecks including a synthesis of dendro-archaeological results, current interdisciplinary case studies and the specialist study of artillery and anchors.Peer reviewe

Molecular and clinical profile of von Willebrand disease in Spain (PCM-EVW-ES) : comprehensive genetic analysis by next-generation sequencing of 480 patients

Molecular diagnosis of patients with von Willebrand disease is pending in most populations due to the complexity and high cost of conventional molecular analyses. The need for molecular and clinical characterization of von Willebrand disease in Spain prompted the creation of a multicenter project (PCM-EVW-ES) that resulted in the largest prospective cohort study of patients with all types of von Willebrand disease. Molecular analysis of relevant regions of the VWF, including intronic and promoter regions, was achieved in the 556 individuals recruited via the development of a simple, innovative, relatively low-cost protocol based on microfluidic technology and next-generation sequencing. A total of 704 variants (237 different) were identified along VWF, 155 of which had not been previously recorded in the international mutation database. The potential pathogenic effect of these variants was assessed by in silico analysis. Furthermore, four short tandem repeats were analyzed in order to evaluate the ancestral origin of recurrent mutations. The outcome of genetic analysis allowed for the reclassification of 110 patients, identification of 37 asymptomatic carriers (important for genetic counseling) and re-inclusion of 43 patients previously excluded by phenotyping results. In total, 480 patients were definitively diagnosed. Candidate mutations were identified in all patients except 13 type 1 von Willebrand disease, yielding a high genotype-phenotype correlation. Our data reinforce the capital importance and usefulness of genetics in von Willebrand disease diagnostics. The progressive implementation of molecular study as the first-line test for routine diagnosis of this condition will lead to increasingly more personalized and effective care for this patient population