La maestría: una opción de formación docente para Educación Media Superior y Superior en México /Master’s degree: A teaching training option for Upper Secondary and High School in Mexico

Masters in Education have become a teaching training option for Upper Secondary and Higher Education in Mexico. The professional guidelines in postgraduate studies are one of the options recognized by the National Council for Science and Technology in Mexico (conacyt) for quality postgraduate studies, along with those aimed at research. The study presented here provides elements to clarify the meaning of professionalizing guidelines in postgraduate educational studies, from a qualitative approach that describes training practices and meanings that the protagonists give to the teaching professionalization. We analyze practices observed in nine class sessions -in a Master of Education focused on innovation and the use of Information and Communications Technology- together with the sense of gradualness on the way to teachers´ autonomy.Las Maestrías en Educación se han convertido en una opción de formación docente para la Educación Media Superior y Superior en México. La orientación profesionalizante en los estudios de posgrado es una de las opciones reconocidas por el Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología en México (conacyt) para los posgrados de calidad, junto con aquellos que forman para la investigación. El estudio que se presenta aporta elementos de clarificación al significado de la orientación profesionalizante en posgrados del ámbito educativo, desde un acercamiento cualitativo que describe prácticas de formación y los sentidos que le otorgan los protagonistas a la profesionalización docente. Se analizan las prácticas observadas en nueve sesiones de clase en una Maestría en Educación orientada a la innovación y al uso de las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (tic), y el sentido de gradualidad que guardan en el camino hacia la autonomía de los docentes

Expression of the metalloproteases MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-9, MMP-11, TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 in angiocentric midfacial lymphomas

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Extranodal T/NK cell lymphomas possess distinctive clinico-pathological characteristics: they are angiocentric, exhibit extensive necrosis. Prognosis is poor in the short term. The objective is to explore the expression of different MMPs in the cells and stroma which are around of the blood vessels damaged and their correlation with clinico-pathological parameters.</p> <p>Patients and methods</p> <p>Twenty cases of this type of lymphomas were studied and collected patient clinical data. The expressions of MMP-1, 2, 3, 9, 11, 13 and TIMP-1, 2 were studied by immunohistochemistry. Ultrastructural studies were performed in two cases. Statistical analysis was done with Fisher's exact test, Chi²test.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Of the 20 patients, 13 were men with median age of 43 years. In 13 patients the primary tumor was localized in the nasal cavity. Treatment was combined chemotherapy and radiotherapy in 60%. The 55% advanced clinical stages, 70% died from the disease. There were neoplastic cell and peritumoral fibroblasts positivity to MMP-1 and MMP-11 in most of the cases. The MMPs-2, 3 and 9 were expressed in neoplastic cell between 30 to 65%of the cases. TIMP-1 was presented mainly in the epithelium and TIMP-2 was poor expressed of the all cases.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>There were no statistical significance between the different enzymes used and the clinical parameters, besides status and survival of the patients. It is necessary to study more enzymes and focus them to quantify and determine their activity, in order to have a better correlation with histological features in this type of neoplasm.</p

Edad cronológica vs. edad dental en individuos de 5 a 19 años: un estudio comparativo con implicaciones forenses

Objectives: This study evaluated six methods used in estimating the age of patients attending the Dental School at Universidad del Valle, evaluating dental development by using panoramic radiographs. Additionally, the study determined the sexual identity of the person and the bilateral symmetry of development, the maturity and the chronological eruption of permanent teeth. Materials and methods: This is a descriptive, quantitative and transversal study that evaluated which of the six methods (Logan & Kronfeld; Schour & Massler; Moorrees, Fanning & Hunt; Demirjian, Goldstein & Tanner; Ubelaker & Smith) for estimating the age of a patient through radiographic evaluation of dental development is the most correlated with the chronological age of the patient, so it can be used for forensic purposes. Results: The Moorrees, Fanning & Hunt and the Smith methods showed high correlation (0.7874 and 0.7808, respectively). The Logan & Kronfeld methods presented low correlation (0.6879). The sample studied did not show sexual dimorphism or bilateral asymmetry. Conclusions: All methods evaluated have a high correlation coefficient between the dental age and the radiographic age. However, the Moorrees, Fanning & Hunt, and Smith methods presented higher correlation coefficients between dental and chronological age. Objetivos: Se evaluaron seis métodos para calcular la edad a partir del desarrollo dental mediante radiografías panorámicas en pacientes de la Escuela de Odontología de la Universidad del Valle respecto a la edad cronológica. Se determinaron también el dimorfismo sexual y la simetría bilateral del desarrollo, maduración y erupción de los dientes permanentes. Materiales y métodos: Estudio descriptivo transversal cuantitativo que evaluó la concordancia entre seis métodos para estimar la edad a partir del desarrollo dental (Logan y Kronfeld; Schour y Massler; Moorrees, Fanning y Hunt; Demirjian, Goldstein y Tanner; Ubelaker y Smith) y la edad cronológica a partir de las radiografías panorámicas, con fines forenses. Resultados: Los métodos de Moorrees, Fanning y Hunt y de Smith presentan una mayor correlación (0.7874 y 0.7808 respectivamente). Asimismo, el método de Logan y Kronfeld es el que presenta la correlación menor (0.6879). La muestra estudiada no presentó ni dimorfismo sexual ni asimetría bilateral. Conclusiones: Todos los métodos tenidos en cuenta en este estudio resultan adecuados para calcular la edad de un individuo, sin embargo los métodos de Moorrees, Fanning y Hunt y de Smith presentaron los mayores coeficientes de correlación entre la edad dental y la edad cronológica

Relationship between prolonged sweetener consumption and chronic stress in the production of carbonylated proteins in blood lymphocytes

Artículo derivado de un proyecto de investigación para la identificación del efecto del consumo de edulcorantes sobre el sistema inmunitario.Introduction: Modern lifestyles have changed eating habits, encouraged physical inactivity, and increased stress in daily life. These living conditions cause elevated concentrations of carbonylated proteins like biomarker of oxidative stress. The expression of this proteins represent irreversible damage to structural intracellular proteins in cells and extracellular matrix. It is not clear whether a rise in the concentration of these proteins is the origin or consequence of diseases. Objective: To determine in a healthy young mice model the possible correlation between prolonged sweetener consumption and the presence of chronic physiological stress, evidenced by the production of carbonylated proteins in peripheral blood lymphocytes. Methods: Sixty-four 21-day-old CD1 male mice were divided into two groups, stressed (with immobilization) and unstressed. Each group was divided into four subgroups: Control or experimental with a 6-week administration of sucrose, sucralose or stevia. Body mass index, food intake, number and concentration of carbonylated proteins, levels of glucose and peripheral lymphocytes in blood were evaluated. Data were analyzed with ANOVA. Results: Compared to the unstressed control, the glucose concentration was elevated in all stressed subgroups (F = 13.41, p < 0.01), with greater weight found in the stressed sucralose supplemented subgroup (F = 77.58, p < 0.001). The blood level of peripheral lymphocytes was above the control in all subgroups (F = 19.97, p < 0.01), except the decrease observed in unstressed sucrose supplemented subgroup. Carbonylated protein concentration in peripheral blood lymphocytes was high in all subgroups (versus the control) except in unstressed animals suppelemented with stevia (F = 51.16, p <0.01). Conclusions: Stress plus sucralose increased number of lymphocytes and carbonylated proteins concentration. The physiological stress with or without sweetener consumption generated increase in carbonylated proteins concentration. Stevia did not modify lymphocytes and carbonylated proteins

Gene expression profiles induced by E6 from non-European HPV18 variants reveals a differential activation on cellular processes driving to carcinogenesis

AbstractCervical cancer in developed countries remains as a major concern on public health policies due to incidence and mortality rates. Persistent infection with high risk human papillomavirus is a necessary etiological agent in the progression to invasive cervical carcinoma. A proposed hypothesis is the association between more aggressive HPV variants and the risk to develop cervical cancer. In order to have a global perspective in terms of cellular transcripts and molecular pathways affected by HPV18 E6 intratype variants; we conducted a genome wide analysis of gene expression. Our results show that E6 derived from non-European variants are able to up-regulate cellular transcripts associated to the hallmarks of cancer; such as cell cycle, migration, Wnt pathway and mTor signaling. Moreover, we were able to show that HPV18 E6 from African variant had a major effect on cellular processes such as cell cycle and migration as confirmed by functional studies

Seroprevalencia a tripanosoma cruzi en pacientes cardiopatas atendidos en el Hospital Nacional Rosales

La Enfermedad de Chagas, también conocida como tripanosomiasis americana, enfermedad de pobreza y “promotora de pobreza”, es la enfermedad parasitaria más importante de las Américas, que contabiliza 670,000 DALYs (discapacidad ajustada por años de vida por año) para la región (1), y 202 DALYs x 100,000 h para El Salvador (2). Desde su identificación hasta hace unas décadas ha estado confinada a América Latina, pero en la actualidad se está volviendo un problema de salud pública en los Estados Unidos y en Europa debido a la alta tasa de inmigración proveniente de este continente. En este estudio descriptivo, se tamizó con ELISA para Chagas el 100% de los pacientes con cardiopatía indistinto del origen, problemas del ritmo, megacolon, mega esófago, acalasia y vólvulos. Los resultados de este estudio revelan la magnitud del problema de los pacientes con enfermedad Chagásica crónica en el país que necesitan ser controlados, debido a la progresión de la enfermedad, y a la diseminación de la misma y así promover las acciones necesarias

Development of cutaneous toxicities during selective anti-BRAF therapies: preventive role of combination with MEK inhibitors

Activated BRAF mutations affecting the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) pathway are present in 50% of metastatic melanomas. Targeted therapies have been developed to block such mutations (1, 2). There is a risk of other components of the MAPK signalling pathway, such as MEK, being reactivated after the use of BRAF inhibitors (3-5). Given the evidence of drug resistance and side-effects of BRAF inhibitors, combined treatments with BRAF and MEK inhibitors are being tested in clinical trials for metastatic melanoma. Trametinib is one of these MEK inhibitors. Skin toxicities from BRAF inhibitors, such as photosensitivity, palmoplantar keratoderma (PPK) and keratosis pilaris (KP), have been reported (4, 6-11). Also, non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSC) are considered one of the most significant sideeffects (3, 11). We report here the profile of skin toxicities from vemurafenib, dabrafenib alone, or dabrafenib and trametinib combined treatment

Post-splenectomy acute glomerulonephritis due to a chronic infection with Plasmodium falciparum and malariae

A 38-year-old Senegalese man with no previous medical history and living in Spain since 2004 was admitted due to fever, hypotension and edemas. The patient had not traveled to malaria endemic areas for the last 2 years, and 43 days before this episode he underwent an elective splenectomy in order to rule out a hematologic neoplasm due to a 27-cm splenomegaly and pancytopenia

La escritura, lenguaje vivo en el aula: una experiencia de autoformación docente en didáctica

The project Teaching Writing, Language Alive in the Classroom: An Experience of Teacher Self-Training in Didactic, developed by the semillando group, comes from a critical look of our practices and concepts about writing and its teaching and learning processes in the first cycle of education. This reflection led us to initiate an investigation in our schools which would allow us to articulate the theoretical conceptions and achievements in the classroom. One of the first results of this process is the transformation of the reflection on the practices in investigative actions, among which these stand out: reading reality, formulating the research project as a guide of the pedagogical practices, the approach to research in the classroom and the formulation of a didactic proposal for the development of writing in the first season.El proyecto surge de una mirada crítica de las prácticas y concepciones sobre los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje de la escritura en el aula de primer ciclo. Esta reflexión condujo a iniciar un proceso de investigación que permitiera articular las concepciones teóricas y las realizaciones del aula. Uno de los primeros resultados de este proceso es la transformación de la reflexión sobre las prácticas en acciones investigativas entre las cuales se destacan las siguientes: la lectura de la realidad, la formulación del proyecto de investigación como orientador de la práctica pedagógica, el abordaje de la investigación en el aula y la formulación de una propuesta didáctica para el desarrollo de la escritura significativa en el primer ciclo