32 research outputs found

    Fishery in Alborán Sea

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    La costa norte del mar de Alborán comprende desde Punta Europa hasta el cabo de Gata, y tiene una extensión aproximada de 250 km. El constituir zona de tránsito entre el mar Mediterráneo y el océano Atlántico le confiere particularidades en su flora y fauna que permiten definirla como una unidad biogeográfica independiente. En las costas mediterráneas de Andalucía existe una amplia diversidad biológica, lo que a su vez ha favorecido una gran actividad pesquera. Existen 11 puertos de descarga en el área, siendo la pesquería que se desarrolla en cada uno de ellos muy diversificada y con variaciones de una localidad a otra. La flota artesanal es la más representada con un número de unidades cercano a los 800, dedicándose a la explotación de especies muy cercanas a costa, empleando más de 200 tipos de artes diferentes, no obstante la mayoría usan palangres y trasmallos. Las especies capturadas de forma más frecuente son: Sepia officinalis, Octopus vulgaris, Mullus spp, Sarda sarda, Merluccius merluccius, Pagellus erythrinus, Pagellus acarne, Scorpaena spp., Diplodus sargus, Pagrus pagrus, Palinurus spp, Lithognathus mormyrus, Palinurus spp., Dicentrarchus labrax, Conger coger, Dentex dentex, Chamelea gallina, Acanthocardia aculeata, Callista chione. La pesca de arrastre, dirigida a especies demersales, está ampliamente distribuida jugando un importante papel socioeconómico, caracterizándose por ser multiespecífica. El arrastre de fondo constituye la modalidad de pesca más importante, atendiendo al volumen de descargas y al esfuerzo de pesca que concentra en los caladeros. Entre el año 2001 y 2008 el número medio de embarcaciones fue de 141. Aunque solo algunas especies son consideradas objetivo de la flota, las capturas obtenidas están constituidas por una amplia diversidad de especies Las principales especies objetivo son: Merlucius merlucius, Micromesistius poutassou, Pagellus spp., Diplodus spp., Dentex spp., Mullus spp., Aristeus antennatus, Parapenaeus longirostris), Nephrops norvegicus, y Octopus vulgaris. En la pesca de cerco las principales especies capturadas en el mar de Alborán son Sardina pilchardus y Engraulis encrasicolus, sin embargo pescan también otras especies que, aunque de menor interés, representan en ocasiones un porcentaje muy alto del total capturado: Trachurus spp., Scomber spp., Auxis rochei, Scomberesox saurus, y Sardinella aurita. El número de embarcaciones ha decrecido de manera continua, pasando de 230 barcos en 1980 a 108 en el 2003. La sardina se pesca principalmente en verano-otoño y el boquerón en otoño. Los altos valores de biomasa fitoplanctónica y zooplanctónica en el Mar de Alborán, favorece la existencia de áreas de puesta de la sardina y el boquerón, destacando entre ellas la bahía de Málaga. Las principales especies de túnidos explotadas en el mar de Alborán son el atún rojo (Thunnus thynnus), atún blanco (Thunnus alalunga), y especies de pequeños túnidos como la melva (Auxis sp.), el bonito del sur (Sarda sarda), la bacoreta (Thunnus alleteratus) y, ocasionalmente, el listado (Katsuwonus pelamis). Entre las especies afines destaca el pez espada (Xiphias glaudius). Existe una gran heterogeneidad tanto en la flota como en los artes o aparejos empleados. Los principales artes, son el cerco, palangre de superficie, trampas (almadrabas) y sistemas artesanales de pesca como la línea de mano, curricán, cebo vivo y otros artes de superficie

    Investigating the potential of Sentinel-2 configuration to predict the quality of Mediterranean permanent grasslands in open woodlands

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    The assessment of pasture quality in permanent grasslands is essential for their conservation and management, as it can contribute to making real-time decisions for livestock management. In this study, we assessed the potential of Sentinel-2 configuration to predict forage quality in high diverse Mediterranean permanent grasslands of open woodlands. We evaluated the performance of Partial Least Squares Regression (PLS) models to predict crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid detergent fibre (ADF) and enzyme digestibility of organic matter (EDOM) by using three different reflectance datasets: (i) laboratory measurements of reflectance of dry and ground pasture samples re-sampled to Sentinel-2 configuration (Spec-lab) (ii) field in-situ measurements of grasslands canopy reflectance resampled to Sentinel-2 configuration (Spec-field); (iii) and Bottom Of Atmosphere Sentinel-2 imagery. For the three reflectance datasets, the models to predict CP content showed moderate performance and predictive ability. Mean R2test = 0.68 were obtained using Spec-lab data, mean R2test decreased by 0.11 with Spec-field and by 0.18 when Sentinel-2 reflectance was used. Statistics for NDF showed worse predictions than those obtained for CP: predictions produced with Spec-lab showed mean R2test = 0.64 and mean RPDtest = 1.73. The mean values of R2test = 0.50 and RPDtest = 1.54 using Sentinel-2 BOA reflectance were marginally better than the values obtained with Spec-field (mean R2test = 0.48, mean RPDtest = 1.43). For ADF and EDOM, only predictions made with Spec-lab produced acceptable results. Bands from the red-edge region, especially band 5, and the SWIR regions showed the highest contribution to estimating CP and NDF. Bands 2, blue and 4, red also seem to be important. The implementation of field spectroscopy in combination with Sentinel-2 imagery proved to be feasible to produce forage quality maps and to develop larger datasets. This study contributes to increasing knowledge of the potential and applicability of Sentinel-2 to predict the quality of Mediterranean permanent grasslands in open woodlands

    Recent Research in Ocular Cystinosis: Drug Delivery Systems, Cysteamine Detection Methods and Future Perspectives

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    Cystinosis is a rare genetic disorder characterized by the accumulation of cystine crystals in different tissues and organs. Although renal damage prevails during initial stages, the deposition of cystine crystals in the cornea causes severe ocular manifestations. At present, cysteamine is the only topical effective treatment for ocular cystinosis. The lack of investment by the pharmaceutical industry, together with the limited stability of cysteamine, make it available only as two marketed presentations (Cystaran® and Cystadrops®) and as compounding formulations prepared in pharmacy departments. Even so, new drug delivery systems (DDSs) need to be developed, allowing more comfortable dosage schedules that favor patient adherence. In the last decades, different research groups have focused on the development of hydrogels, nanowafers and contact lenses, allowing a sustained cysteamine release. In parallel, different determination methods and strategies to increase the stability of the formulations have also been developed. This comprehensive review aims to compile all the challenges and advances related to new cysteamine DDSs, analytical determination methods, and possible future therapeutic alternatives for treating cystinosisThis research was funded by Fundación Española de Farmacia Hospitalaria (FEFH 18-19), Fundación Mutua Madrileña (XVI Convocatoria de Ayudas a la Investigación en Salud) and “Asociación La Lucha de Iker”. C.M.-G. and A.F.-F. have funding research grants from Instituto de Salud Carlos III (C.M.-G.-Río Hortega CM18/00090 and A.F.-F.-Juan Rodés JR18/0004)S

    Spatial distribution of fishing fleets in a future Fishery Protected Area in the Malaga Bay (Northwestern Alboran Sea).

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    Málaga Bay is an important area from the icthyoplankton viewpoint where it is possible to find more than 80 species belonging to 68 genera and 41 families. Furthermore, the bay is an essential spawning and nursery area for many species of commercial interest, such as sardine (Sardina pilchardus), anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus), Atlantic horse-mackerel (Trachurus trachurus), Mediterranean horse-mackerel (T. mediterraneus) or hake (Merluccius merluccius). Local bottom trawl, purse seine and polyvalent artisanal fleets, have traditionally fished in this bay targeting on many species of fishes, crustaceans and molluscs. An ecological and fisheries study was undertaken in 2013 and 2014 with the purpose of assessing the suitability of Málaga Bay as a Fishery Protected Area. One of the important aspects taken into account is the spatial distribution of the fishing effort to evaluate its impact in the area. The findings achieved in this study are essential and valuable information for a proper fisheries management integrating the ecosystem-based approach into fisheries advice. The results show that Málaga Bay supports a heavy fishing pressure in all the fishing grounds which may affect both its commercial resources and sedimentary habitats.Versión del edito

    Aprendizaje-servicio y Trabajo Social

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    Es una propuesta metodológica aplicada a los estudios de Trabajo Social. Su objetivo es incorporar el método aprendizaje-servicio a la docencia presencial para incrementar el interés y la satisfacción de la comunidad científica y la sociedad civil
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