Debates—Stochastic subsurface hydrology from theory to practice: why stochastic modeling has not yet permeated into practitioners?

This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: [Sanchez-Vila, X., and D. Fernàndez-Garcia (2016), Debates—Stochastic subsurface hydrology from theory to practice: Why stochastic modeling has not yet permeated into practitioners?, Water Resour. Res., 52, 9246–9258, doi:10.1002/2016WR019302], which has been published in final form at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2016WR019302/abstract. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-ArchivingWe address modern topics of stochastic hydrogeology from their potential relevance to real modeling efforts at the field scale. While the topics of stochastic hydrogeology and numerical modeling have become routine in hydrogeological studies, nondeterministic models have not yet permeated into practitioners. We point out a number of limitations of stochastic modeling when applied to real applications and comment on the reasons why stochastic models fail to become an attractive alternative for practitioners. We specifically separate issues corresponding to flow, conservative transport, and reactive transport. The different topics addressed are emphasis on process modeling, need for upscaling parameters and governing equations, relevance of properly accounting for detailed geological architecture in hydrogeological modeling, and specific challenges of reactive transport. We end up by concluding that the main responsible for nondeterministic models having not yet permeated in industry can be fully attributed to researchers in stochastic hydrogeology.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

Pre-Schauder Bases in Topological Vector Spaces

A Schauder basis in a real or complex Banach space X is a sequence (en)n is an element of N in X such that for every x is an element of X there exists a unique sequence of scalars (lambda n)n is an element of N satisfying that x= n-ary sumation n=1 infinity lambda nen. Schauder bases were first introduced in the setting of real or complex Banach spaces but they have been transported to the scope of real or complex Hausdorff locally convex topological vector spaces. In this manuscript, we extend them to the setting of topological vector spaces over an absolutely valued division ring by redefining them as pre-Schauder bases. We first prove that, if a topological vector space admits a pre-Schauder basis, then the linear span of the basis is Hausdorff and the series linear span of the basis minus the linear span contains the intersection of all neighborhoods of 0. As a consequence, we conclude that the coefficient functionals are continuous if and only if the canonical projections are also continuous (this is a trivial fact in normed spaces but not in topological vector spaces). We also prove that, if a Hausdorff topological vector space admits a pre-Schauder basis and is w*-strongly torsionless, then the biorthogonal system formed by the basis and its coefficient functionals is total. Finally, we focus on Schauder bases on Banach spaces proving that every Banach space with a normalized Schauder basis admits an equivalent norm closer to the original norm than the typical bimonotone renorming and that still makes the basis binormalized and monotone. We also construct an increasing family of left-comparable norms making the normalized Schauder basis binormalized and show that the limit of this family is a right-comparable norm that also makes the normalized Schauder basis binormalized

Detection of Communities within the Multibody System Dynamics Network and Analysis of Their Relations

Multibody system dynamics is already a well developed branch of theoretical, computational and applied mechanics. Thousands of documents can be found in any of the well-known scientific databases. In this work it is demonstrated that multibody system dynamics is built of many thematic communities. Using the Elsevier’s abstract and citation database SCOPUS, a massive amount of data is collected and analyzed with the use of the open source visualization tool Gephi. The information is represented as a large set of nodes with connections to study their graphical distribution and explore geometry and symmetries. A randomized radial symmetry is found in the graphical representation of the collected information. Furthermore, the concept of modularity is used to demonstrate that community structures are present in the field of multibody system dynamics. In particular, twenty-four different thematic communities have been identified. The scientific production of each community is analyzed, which allows to predict its growing rate in the next years. The journals and conference proceedings mainly used by the authors belonging to the community as well as the cooperation between them by country are also analyzed

Minimal formulation of the linear spatial analysis of capillary jets: Validity of the two-mode approach

A rigorous and complete formulation of the linear evolution of harmonically stimulated capillary jets should include infinitely many spatial modes to account for arbitrary exit conditions [J. Guerrero et al., J. Fluid Mech. 702, 354 (2012)]. However, it is not rare to find works in which only the downstream capillary dominant mode, the sole unstable one, is retained, with amplitude determined by the jet deformation at the exit. This procedure constitutes an oversimplification, unable to handle a flow rate perturbation without jet deformation at the exit (the most usual conditions). In spite of its decaying behavior, the other capillary mode (subdominant) must be included in what can be called a “minimal linear formulation.” Deformation and mean axial velocity amplitudes at the jet exit are the two relevant parameters to simultaneously find the amplitudes of both capillary modes. Only once these amplitudes are found, the calculation of the breakup length may be eventually simplified by disregarding the subdominant mode. Simple recipes are provided for predicting the breakup length, which are checked against our own numerical simulations. The agreement is better than in previous attempts in the literature. Besides, the limits of validity of the linear formulation are explored in terms of the exit velocity amplitude, the wave number, the Weber number, and the Ohnesorge number. Including the subdominant mode extends the range of amplitudes for which the linear model gives accurate predictions, the criterion for keeping this mode being that the breakup time must be shorter than a given formula. It has been generally assumed that the shortest intact length happens for the stimulation frequency with the highest growth rate. However, we show that this correlation is not strict because the amplitude of the dominant mode has a role in the breakup process and it depends on the stimulation frequency.Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad, Spain, under Contract No. FIS2014-25161Junta de Andalucía under Contract No. P11-FQM-791

El patrimonio industrial catalán : una representación gráfica a gran escala

Durante los primeros años del siglo XX, con las nuevas tecnologías surgidas durante la Revolución Industrial ya instauradas, y con una red de comunicación por ferrocarril ya desarrollada, la geografía catalana se llenó de numerosas construcciones industriales, con predominio de las destinadas a la industria textil. Con el paso de los años, la mayoría de estas grandes construcciones han quedado abandonadas y en desuso, existiendo en muchos casos escasa información acerca de las mismas, de su historia, de su evolución, y sobre todo, de su riqueza tanto constructiva como gráfica. Como ejemplo a este gran patrimonio olvidado podemos encontrar dos edificios: la “Bòbila Almirall” de Terrassa o la Fábrica “Can Soler” de Sant Vicenç del Castellet. Estos edificios industriales han sido objeto de Proyectos Finales de Grado, y nos han permitido apreciar en su verdadera magnitud estas joyas del patrimonio industrial. Un exhaustivo estudio histórico ha permitido analizar el porqué de su construcción y de su evolución. Un completo estudio gráfico nos ha permitido disponer de información completa de su estado actual. Y una propuesta de cambio de uso nos permite valorar la posible recuperación de dichos espacios para los municipios en los que se encuentran, y poder volver a disfrutarlos. La presente comunicación presentará el trabajo realizado en uno de estos edificios, la Fábrica Can Soler, como inicio de lo que podría ser una nueva línea de investigación acerca de este Patrimonio Industrial.Postprint (published version

The Alonso de Vandelvira´sevillian stage (1588-1609): new contributions

En las siguientes líneas establecemos una serie de consideraciones sobre la estancia en Sevilla entre 1588 y 1609 del cantero y arquitecto Alonso de Vandelvira, en relación con su contribución a las obras de la lonja de mercaderes y con la construcción de la portada del convento de Sta. Isabel. Además, se aportan una serie de datos de interés biográfico y profesional.In the following text we analyze the sevillian stage of Alonso de Vandelvira,stonecutter and architect, between 1588 and 1609, regarding to his works in the “lonja de mercaderes” and the construction of the “Santa Isabel” convent´s main door. In addition we show an interesting set of data for his life and professional practice

La Sociedad de Condueños y la Universidad de Alcalá

La Sociedad de Condueños "es un propósito de largo alcance y generoso contenido", consistente en comprar en pública subasta en el año 1850, los edificios expropiados a la Universidad de Alcalá de Henares, preservarlos de la destrucción y devolverlos, casi siglo y medio después, a sus funciones originarias de Universidad. Y en ello no pusieron jamás interés económico alguno. El arco social de la entidad fue y es tan amplio como la propia sociedad complutense.The "Sociedad de Condueños (Co-owners association) is far reaching in its aim and generous in its content" and in a public auction in 1850, it purchased the buildings expropriated to the University of Alcala de Henares, it preserved them from destruction and, nearly a century and half after, it returned them to their original purpose as university. Everything was done disinterestedly. The social range of this body was and actually is a broad as the own "complutense" society