60 research outputs found
Effect of Ultrasonic-Assisted Blanching on Size Variation, Heat Transfer, and Quality Parameters of Mushrooms
The main aim of this work was to assess the influence
of the application of power ultrasound during blanching
of mushrooms (60 90 °C) on the shrinkage, heat transfer, and
quality parameters. Kinetics of mushroom shrinkage was
modeled and coupled to a heat transfer model for conventional
(CB) and ultrasonic-assisted blanching (UB). Cooking value
and the integrated residual enzymatic activity were obtained
through predicted temperatures and related to the hardness and
color variations of mushrooms, respectively. The application
of ultrasound led to an increase of shrinkage and heat transfer
rates, being this increase more intense at low process temperatures.
Consequently, processing time was decreased (30.7
46.0 %) and a reduction in hardness (25.2 40.8 %) and
lightness (13.8 16.8 %) losses were obtained. The best retention
of hardness was obtained by the UB at 60 °C, while to
maintain the lightness it was the CB and UB at 90 °C. For
enhancing both quality parameters simultaneously, a combined
treatment (CT), which consisted of a CB 0.5 min at
90 °C and then an UB 19.9min at 60 °C, was designed. In this
manner, compared with the conventional treatment at 60 °C,
reductions of 39.1, 27.2, and 65.5 % for the process time,
hardness and lightness losses were achieved, respectively.
These results suggest that the CT could be considered as an
interesting alternative to CB in order to reduce the processing
time and improve the overall quality of blanched mushrooms.The authors acknowledge the financial support of Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas and Universidad Nacional de La Plata from Argentina, Erasmus Mundus Action 2-Strand 1 and EuroTango II Researcher Training Program and Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (SPAIN) and the FEDER (project DPI2012-37466-CO3-03).Lespinard, A.; Bon CorbĂn, J.; CĂĄrcel CarriĂłn, JA.; Benedito Fort, JJ.; Mascheroni, RH. (2015). Effect of Ultrasonic-Assisted Blanching on Size Variation, Heat Transfer, and Quality Parameters of Mushrooms. Food and Bioprocess Technology. 8(1):41-53. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11947-014-1373-zS415381Aguirre, L., Frias, J. M., Barry-Ryan, C., & Grogan, H. (2009). Modelling browning and brown spotting of mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus) stored in controlled environmental conditions using image analysis. Journal of Food Engineering, 91, 280â286.Anantheswaran, R. C., Sastry, S. K., Beelman, R. 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Mitigation of backgrounds from cosmogenic 137Xe in xenon gas experiments using 3He neutron capture
136Xe is used as the target medium for many experiments searching for 0ÂżĂĂ. Despite underground operation, cosmic muons that reach the laboratory can produce spallation neutrons causing activation of detector materials. A potential background that is difficult to veto using muon tagging comes in the form of 137Xe created by the capture of neutrons on 136Xe. This isotope decays via beta decay with a half-life of 3.8 min and a Q Ă of ~4.16 MeV. This work proposes and explores the concept of adding a small percentage of 3He to xenon as a means to capture thermal neutrons and reduce the number of activations in the detector volume. When using this technique we find the contamination from 137Xe activation can be reduced to negligible levels in tonne and multi-tonne scale high pressure gas xenon neutrinoless double beta decay experiments running at any depth in an underground laboratory
Sensitivity of the NEXT experiment to Xe-124 double electron capture
Double electron capture by proton-rich nuclei is a second-order nuclear process analogous to double beta decay. Despite their similarities, the decay signature is quite different, potentially providing a new channel to measure the hypothesized neutrinoless mode of these decays. The Standard-Model-allowed two-neutrino double electron capture (2ÂżEC EC) has been predicted for a number of isotopes, but only observed in 78Kr, 130Ba and, recently, 124Xe. The sensitivity to this decay establishes a benchmark for the ultimate experimental goal, namely the potential to discover also the lepton-number-violating neutrinoless version of this process, 0ÂżEC EC. Here we report on the current sensitivity of the NEXT-White detector to 124Xe 2ÂżEC EC and on the extrapolation to NEXT-100. Using simulated data for the 2ÂżEC EC signal and real data from NEXT-White operated with 124Xe-depleted gas as background, we define an optimal event selection that maximizes the NEXT-White sensitivity. We estimate that, for NEXT-100 operated with xenon gas isotopically enriched with 1 kg of 124Xe and for a 5-year run, a sensitivity to the 2ÂżEC EC half-life of 6 Ă 1022 y (at 90% confidence level) or better can be reached. [Figure not available: see fulltext.
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