Genealogical data of Boer and Nubian goats in Mexico

The pedigree file of the Boer and Nubian goat breeds in Mexico was constructed using the national database provided by the Asociación Mexicana de Criadores de Ganado Caprino de Registro. Field technicians routinely updated the goat national database by recording information from flocks participating in the performance-recording system. Information on animal identification number, parents, birth date, sex, breed, and farm of origin were used to undertake pedigree analyses using the ENDOG program (version 4.8). This paper presents a pedigree data file, tables and figures of characteristics of pedigree data, pedigree analyses, pedigree integrity, effective population size and genetic conservation index. The data can be used to estimate other population parameters, to monitor the genetic diversity of the Boer and Nubian goat breeds in Mexico, and also to design balanced breeding programs, maintaining genetic variation at reasonable levels and maximizing genetic progress in these populations.202

Influence of the LPM effect and dielectric suppression on particle air showers

An analysis of the influence of the Landau-Migdal-Pomeranchuk (LPM) effect on the development of air showers initiated by astroparticles is presented. The theory of Migdal is studied and compared with other theoretical methods, particularly the Blankenbecler and Drell approach. By means of realistic computer simulations and using algorithms that emulate Migdal's theory, including also the so-called dielectric suppression, we study the behavior of the relevant observables in the case of ultra-high energy primaries. We find that the LPM effect can significantly modify the development of high energy electromagnetic showers in certain cases.Comment: 18 pages, 13 figures, 1 table. To appear in Phys. Rev.

Energy and Flux Measurements of Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Rays Observed During the First ANITA Flight

The first flight of the Antarctic Impulsive Transient Antenna (ANITA) experiment recorded 16 radio signals that were emitted by cosmic-ray induced air showers. For 14 of these events, this radiation was reflected from the ice. The dominant contribution to the radiation from the deflection of positrons and electrons in the geomagnetic field, which is beamed in the direction of motion of the air shower. This radiation is reflected from the ice and subsequently detected by the ANITA experiment at a flight altitude of 36km. In this paper, we estimate the energy of the 14 individual events and find that the mean energy of the cosmic-ray sample is 2.9 EeV. By simulating the ANITA flight, we calculate its exposure for ultra-high energy cosmic rays. We estimate for the first time the cosmic-ray flux derived only from radio observations. In addition, we find that the Monte Carlo simulation of the ANITA data set is in agreement with the total number of observed events and with the properties of those events.Comment: Added more explanation of the experimental setup and textual improvement

Ancient DNA evidence for the ecological globalization of cod fishing in medieval and post-medieval Europe

Understanding the historical emergence and growth of long-range fisheries can provide fundamental insights into the timing of ecological impacts and the development of coastal communities during the last millennium. Whole-genome sequencing approaches can improve such understanding by determining the origin of archaeological fish specimens that may have been obtained from historic trade or distant water. Here, we used genome-wide data to individually infer the biological source of 37 ancient Atlantic cod specimens (ca 1050-1950 CE) from England and Spain. Our findings provide novel genetic evidence that eleventh- to twelfth-century specimens from London were predominantly obtained from nearby populations, while thirteenth- to fourteenth-century specimens were derived from distant sources. Our results further suggest that Icelandic cod was indeed exported to London earlier than previously reported. Our observations confirm the chronology and geography of the trans-Atlantic cod trade from Newfoundland to Spain starting by the early sixteenth century. Our findings demonstrate the utility of whole-genome sequencing and ancient DNA approaches to describe the globalization of marine fisheries and increase our understanding regarding the extent of the North Atlantic fish trade and long-range fisheries in medieval and early modern time

Screening of cannabis-related problems among youth: the CPQ-A-S and CAST questionnaires

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Cannabis use among young people is a significant problem, making particularly necessary validated screening instruments that permit secondary prevention. The purpose of this study was to analyze and compare the psychometric properties of the CAST and CPQ-A-S questionnaires, two screening instruments specifically addressing the youth population.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Information was obtained on sociodemographics, frequency of substance use, psychopathological symptoms and cannabis-use problems, and the CPQ-A-S and CAST were applied, as well as an infrequency scale for discarding responses made randomly. The sample was made up of 144 young people aged 16 to 20 that had used cannabis in the last month, of which 71.5% were boys. Mean age of the sample was 17.38 years (SD = 1.16).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The results show that from the psychometric point of view both the CAST and the CPQ-A-S are good screening instruments.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The CAST is shorter and presents slightly better internal consistency than the CPQ-A-S. Both instruments show high sensitivity and specificity in the detection of young people dependent on cannabis according to the DSM IV-TR criteria. The CPQ-A-S appears to show greater capacity for detecting psychopathological distress associated with use. Both questionnaires yield significant odds ratios as predictors of frequent cannabis use and of the DSM IV-TR abuse and dependence criteria. In general, the CPQ-A-S emerges as a better predictor than the CAST.</p

Detection and outcome of occult leptomeningeal disease in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and Burkitt lymphoma

The benefit of intrathecal therapy and systemic rituximab on the outcome of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma at risk of central nervous system disease is controversial. Furthermore, the effect of intrathecal treatment and rituximab in diffuse large B-cell and Burkitt lymphoma with occult leptomeningeal disease detected by flow cytometry at diagnosis is unknown. Untreated diffuse large B-cell (n=246) and Burkitt (n=80) lymphoma at clinical risk of central nervous system disease and having had pre-treatment cerebrospinal fluid were analyzed by flow cytometry and cytology. Spinal fluid involvement was detected by flow cytometry alone (occult) in 33 (13%) diffuse large B-cell and 9 (11%) Burkitt lymphoma patients, and detected by cytology in 11 (4.5%) and 5 (6%) patients, respectively. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma with occult spinal fluid involvement had poorer survival (P=0.0001) and freedom from central nervous system relapse (P<0.0001) compared to negative cases. Burkitt lymphoma with occult spinal fluid involvement had an inferior freedom from central nervous system relapse (P=0.026) but not survival. The amount of intrathecal chemotherapy was quantitatively associated with survival in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma with (P=0.02) and without (P=0.001) occult spinal fluid involvement. However, progression of systemic disease and not control of central nervous system disease was the principal cause of treatment failure. In diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, systemic rituximab was associated with improved freedom from central nervous system relapse (P=0.003) but not with survival. Our results suggest that patients at risk of central nervous system disease should be evaluated by flow cytometry and that intrathecal prophylaxis/therapy is beneficial

Depredación por Podisus maculiventris (Say) sobre larvas de Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris)

Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris) es una plaga del manzano Malus domestica Borkh. de reciente aparición en México. Su control depende básicamente del uso de insecticidas químicos; sin embargo, existen registros de enemigos naturales de esta plaga que ejercen un control considerable. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar la capacidad de depredación de Podisus maculiventris (Say) sobre C. rosaceana. Para lo anterior, en agosto y septiembre de 2014, se recolectaron 1200 larvas de C. rosaceana en huertos de manzano. Asimismo, se recolectaron 87 especímenes del depredador P. maculiventris, de diferentes estadios ninfales, de los cuales 75 se recolectaron en huertos de manzano y 17 en parcelas de maíz, además se recolectaron 22 grupos de huevos (17 en maíz y cinco en manzano). Se realizaron ensayos de consumo de P. maculiventris sobre larvas de C. rosaceana, donde el promedio fue de 0.72 larvas consumidas por día, siendo el primer estadio ninfal el que mostró un mayor promedio de consumo (1.9 larvas/día), en las primeras 24 h y el segundo estadio mostró el mayor promedio a los 7 días (1.2 larvas consumidas/día).Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris) es una plaga del manzano Malus domestica Borkh. de reciente aparición en México. Su control depende básicamente del uso de insecticidas químicos; sin embargo, existen registros de enemigos naturales de esta plaga que ejercen un control considerable. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar la capacidad de depredación de Podisus maculiventris (Say) sobre C. rosaceana. Para lo anterior, en agosto y septiembre de 2014, se recolectaron 1200 larvas de C. rosaceana en huertos de manzano. Asimismo, se recolectaron 87 especímenes del depredador P. maculiventris, de diferentes estadios ninfales, de los cuales 75 se recolectaron en huertos de manzano y 17 en parcelas de maíz, además se recolectaron 22 grupos de huevos (17 en maíz y cinco en manzano). Se realizaron ensayos de consumo de P. maculiventris sobre larvas de C. rosaceana, donde el promedio fue de 0.72 larvas consumidas por día, siendo el primer estadio ninfal el que mostró un mayor promedio de consumo (1.9 larvas/día), en las primeras 24 h y el segundo estadio mostró el mayor promedio a los 7 días (1.2 larvas consumidas/día)

Neutrino Detection with Inclined Air Showers

The possibilities of detecting high energy neutrinos through inclined showers produced in the atmosphere are addressed with an emphasis on the detection of air showers by arrays of particle detectors. Rates of inclined showers produced by both down-going neutrino interactions and by up-coming $\tau$ decays from earth-skimming neutrinos as a function of shower energy are calculated with analytical methods using two sample neutrino fluxes with different spectral indices. The relative contributions from different flavors and charged, neutral current and resonant interactions are compared for down-going neutrinos interacting in the atmosphere. No detailed description of detectors is attempted but rough energy thresholds are implemented to establish the ranges of energies which are more suitable for neutrino detection through inclined showers. Down-going and up-coming rates are compared.Comment: Submitted to New Journal of Physic

Depredación por Podisus maculiventris (Say) sobre larvas de Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris)

Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris) es una plaga del manzano Malus domestica Borkh. de reciente aparición en México. Su control depende básicamente del uso de insecticidas químicos; sin embargo, existen registros de enemigos naturales de esta plaga que ejercen un control considerable. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar la capacidad de depredación de Podisus maculiventris (Say) sobre C. rosaceana. Para lo anterior, en agosto y septiembre de 2014, se recolectaron 1200 larvas de C. rosaceana en huertos de manzano. Asimismo, se recolectaron 87 especímenes del depredador P. maculiventris, de diferentes estadios ninfales, de los cuales 75 se recolectaron en huertos de manzano y 17 en parcelas de maíz, además se recolectaron 22 grupos de huevos (17 en maíz y cinco en manzano). Se realizaron ensayos de consumo de P. maculiventris sobre larvas de C. rosaceana, donde el promedio fue de 0.72 larvas consumidas por día, siendo el primer estadio ninfal el que mostró un mayor promedio de consumo (1.9 larvas/día), en las primeras 24 h y el segundo estadio mostró el mayor promedio a los 7 días (1.2 larvas consumidas/día).Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris) es una plaga del manzano Malus domestica Borkh. de reciente aparición en México. Su control depende básicamente del uso de insecticidas químicos; sin embargo, existen registros de enemigos naturales de esta plaga que ejercen un control considerable. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar la capacidad de depredación de Podisus maculiventris (Say) sobre C. rosaceana. Para lo anterior, en agosto y septiembre de 2014, se recolectaron 1200 larvas de C. rosaceana en huertos de manzano. Asimismo, se recolectaron 87 especímenes del depredador P. maculiventris, de diferentes estadios ninfales, de los cuales 75 se recolectaron en huertos de manzano y 17 en parcelas de maíz, además se recolectaron 22 grupos de huevos (17 en maíz y cinco en manzano). Se realizaron ensayos de consumo de P. maculiventris sobre larvas de C. rosaceana, donde el promedio fue de 0.72 larvas consumidas por día, siendo el primer estadio ninfal el que mostró un mayor promedio de consumo (1.9 larvas/día), en las primeras 24 h y el segundo estadio mostró el mayor promedio a los 7 días (1.2 larvas consumidas/día)

The Pierre Auger Observatory III: Other Astrophysical Observations

Astrophysical observations of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays with the Pierre Auger ObservatoryComment: Contributions to the 32nd International Cosmic Ray Conference, Beijing, China, August 201