Analysis of the LHC experimental orbits using the action and phase method

En este trabajo se mencionan diferentes técnicas para la corrección del órbitas en aceleradores de partículas, y se desarrolla el método de salto de acción y fase, que fue revisado y analizado para su aplicación en el Gran Colisionador de Hadrones (LHC, Large Hadron Collider). Al ser aplicado, se obtuvieron valores representativos para la región de interacción 3. Se estableció el límite para la precisión del método en ±0.01% en condiciones ideales y ±1.56% en condiciones donde los datos tienen ruido hasta un 10% del valor máximo. Con el fin de minimizar el efecto del ruido, diferentes técnicas fueron utilizadas, siendo la selección de rango de fase la más adecuada para los datos obtenidos del CERN durante la etapa de comisionamiento entre Noviembre y Diciembre de 2009. / Abstract. In the present work different orbit correction methods for particle accelerators are mentioned, and the action and phase method is analysed, reviewed and developed to be applied in the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) commissioning. As a result, representative values for the interaction region 3 were obtained. The precision limit of the method was found in ±0.01% in ideal conditions and ±1.56% in conditions where amplitud noise about 10% was included in data. To minimize the noise effect, several techniques were used, being the phase range selection the most appropriate to be used for the LHC data taken between November and December 2009.Maestro en Física (MSc.). Línea de Investigación: Física de aceleradores. Grupo de Investigación: Física de aceleradoresMaestrí

Mechanomyographic Measures of Muscle Contractile Properties are Infuenced by Electrode Size and Stimulation Pulse Duration

The aim was to determine the efects of changing pulse duration and electrode size on muscle contractile properties. Thirty-six healthy young male participated in the study (age 24.8±5.8 years; height 178.2±0.6cm; body mass 71.8±7.3kg; self-reported weekly moderate intensity activity 3.5±1.2h·week−1). Tensiomyography was used to assess rectus femoris (RF) and vastus medialis (VM) muscles neuromuscular properties of the dominant leg according to the electrode size (3.2–5cm) and the stimulus length (0.2, 0.5, and 1ms). Maximal radial displacement (Dm); Contraction time (Tc); Delay time (Td); Sustained time (Ts) and Half relaxation time (Tr) were measured. Relative and absolute reliability was quantifed. To analyze the efects of the electrode and the stimulus length, a repeated-measures analysis of variance was used. Dm and Tc parameters showed for both muscles an excellent relative (0.95–0.99) and absolute reliability (1.6–4.2%). However, Ts and Tr showed low values of absolute reliability (4.4–40.9%). The duration of the stimulus length applied to the RF and VM and electrode size signifcantly infuences muscle’s contractile properties (p<0.05; η2 p=0.09–0.60). The Dm increases substantially as the duration of the stimulus increases and with the use of the larger electrode in both muscles. However, Tc and Td are less afected by both conditions and not entirely clear. Practically, our study suggests that a stimulus pulse duration of 1ms together with a 5 × 5cm electrode is necessary to reach a reliable and reproducible assessment of both RF and VM muscles contractile properties.Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deport

Regulation of RUVBL1-RUVBL2 AAA-ATPases by the nonsense-mediated mRNA decay factor DHX34, as evidenced by Cryo-EM

Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) is a surveillance pathway that degrades aberrant mRNAs and also regulates the expression of a wide range of physiological transcripts. RUVBL1 and RUVBL2 AAA-ATPases form an hetero-hexameric ring that is part of several macromolecular complexes such as INO80, SWR1, and R2TP. Interestingly, RUVBL1-RUVBL2 ATPase activity is required for NMD activation by an unknown mechanism. Here, we show that DHX34, an RNA helicase regulating NMD initiation, directly interacts with RUVBL1-RUVBL2 in vitro and in cells. Cryo-EM reveals that DHX34 induces extensive changes in the N-termini of every RUVBL2 subunit in the complex, stabilizing a conformation that does not bind nucleotide and thereby down-regulates ATP hydrolysis of the complex. Using ATPase-deficient mutants, we find that DHX34 acts exclusively on the RUVBL2 subunits. We propose a model, where DHX34 acts to couple RUVBL1-RUVBL2 ATPase activity to the assembly of factors required to initiate the NMD response.Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation SAF2017-82632-P Andres Lopez-Perrote Carlos F Rodriguez Marina Serna Oscar Llorca. Autonomous Government of Madrid Y2018/BIO4747 Ana Gonzalez-Corpas Oscar Llorca. Autonomous Government of Madrid P2018/NMT4443 Ana Gonzalez-Corpas Oscar Llorca MRC Core funding Javier F Caceres Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation BES-2015-071348 Carlos F Rodriguez The funders had no role in study design, data collection and interpretation, or the decision to submit the work for publication.S

Histological characterization of the human masticatory oral mucosa. A histochemical and immunohistochemical study

Background: Histology of human oral mucosa is closely related with its function and anatomical location, and a proper characterization of the human masticatory oral mucosa could be very useful in periodontal pathology. Objective: In the present work, we have carried out a comprehensive study in order to determine the main histological features of parakeratinized (POM) and orthokeratinized (OOM) masticatory human oral mucosa using light and electron microscopy. Methods: To perform this, we have used several histological, histochemical and immunohistochemical methods to detect key markets at the epithelial, basement membrane and connective tissue levels. Results: Our results demonstrated that POM and OOM share many histological similarities, as expected. However, important differences were observed at the epithelial layer of POM, that was significantly thicker than the epithelial layer found in OOM, especially due to a higher number of cells at the stratum spinosum. The expression pattern of CK10 and filaggrin revealed intense signal expression in OOM as compared to POM. Collagen and proteoglycans were more abundant in OOM stroma than in POM. No differences were found for blood vessels and basement membrane. Conclusion: These results may contribute to a better understanding of the pathological conditions affecting the human masticatory oral mucosa. In addition, these findings could be useful for the generation of different types of oral mucosa by tissue engineering techniques. Research highlights: Microscopical features of parakeratinized and orthokeratinized masticatory human oral mucosa showed important differences at both, epithelial and stromal levels. Parakeratinized masticatory human oral mucosa exert thicker epithelial layer, especially, at the stratum spinosum in comparison to orthokeratinized human oral mucosa. Cytokeratin 10 and filaggrin human epithelial markers were intensively expressed in orthokeratinized masticatory human oral mucosa in comparison to parakeratinized masticatory human oral mucosa. At the stromal level, orthokeratinized masticatory human oral mucosa exhibit higher levels of collagen and proteoglycans than parakeratinized masticatory oral mucosa. The deep knowledge of histological features of masticatory oral mucosa could lead to a better understanding of oral mucosa pathology and advanced treatments.Plan Nacional de Investigacion Científica, Desarrollo e Innovación Tecnológica (I + D + I), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (Instituto de Salud Carlos III)Consejería de Salud y Familias, Junta de AndalucíaUniversidad de Granada, CBUAGrupo de Investigación en Ingeniería Tisular (CTS-115

Estimación de la erosión hídrica para el uso actual y erosión potencial del suelo en la finca agrícola experimental UNI, municipio “Las Flores”, departamento de Masaya

En el presente artículo se aborda el estudio Estimación de la erosión hídrica para el uso actual y erosión potencial del suelo en la finca experimental UNI utilizando la Ecuación revisada de la ecuación Universal de Pérdida de Suelo (RUSLE). El objetivo fue estimar la erosión hídrica para el uso actual y erosión potencial del suelo en la Finca Experimental de la UNI. La Finca tiene una extensión de 49.50 manzanas, utilizada para la realización de prácticas y con fines investigativos por parte de los estudiantes de la carrera de ingeniería agrícola. Se estimó la erosión hídrica superficial mediante el uso de la Ecuación Universal de Pérdida de Suelo Revisada (RUSLE). Para utilizar este modelo se obtuvieron los factores de erosividad, erodabilidad, la longitud y el gradiente de la pendiente, cobertura y prácticas de conservación. Para ello se realizaron una serie de actividades entre ellos la recopilación de datos de campos como el uso actual del suelo, topografía de la zona, precipitaciones diarias y mensuales y los respectivos análisis para la determinación de las propiedades físicas y químicas del suelo. El factor de erodabilidad (K) teórico se obtuvo a través de cuatro propiedades del suelo (Textura, estructura, materia orgánica y permeabilidad) dichos valores fueron introducidos en el nomograma de Wischmeier (1971). El estudio sugiere que en la Finca Agrícola Experimental de la Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería (FAE-UNI) se provoca tasas de erosión hídrica superficial menores que 12 Ton/ (ha-año)

Interactive Graphic Simulation: An Advanced Methodology to Improve the Teaching-Learning Process in Nuclear Engineering Education and Training

Nowadays, computer simulators are becoming basic tools for education and training in many engineering fields. In the nuclear industry, the role of simulation for training of operators of nuclear power plants is also recognized of the utmost relevance. As an example, the International Atomic Energy Agency sponsors the development of nuclear reactor simulators for education, and arranges the supply of such simulation programs. Aware of this, in 2008 Gas Natural Fenosa, a Spanish gas and electric utility that owns and operate nuclear power plants and promotes university education in the nuclear technology field, provided the Department of Nuclear Engineering of Universidad Politécnica de Madrid with the Interactive Graphic Simulator (IGS) of “José Cabrera” (Zorita) nuclear power plant, an industrial facility whose commercial operation ceased definitively in April 2006. It is a state-of-the-art full-scope real-time simulator that was used for training and qualification of the operators of the plant control room, as well as to understand and analyses the plant dynamics, and to develop, qualify and validate its emergency operating procedures

The Second Oncogenic Hit Determines the Cell Fate of ETV6-RUNX1 Positive Leukemia

ETV6-RUNX1 is almost exclusively associated with childhood B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL), but the consequences of ETV6-RUNX1 expression on cell lineage decisions during B-cell leukemogenesis are completely unknown. Clinically silent ETV6-RUNX1 preleukemic clones are frequently found in neonatal cord blood, but few carriers develop B-ALL as a result of secondary genetic alterations. The understanding of the mechanisms underlying the first transforming steps could greatly advance the development of non-toxic prophylactic interventions. Using genetic lineage tracing, we examined the capacity of ETV6-RUNX1 to instruct a malignant phenotype in the hematopoietic lineage by cell-specific Cre-mediated activation of ETV6-RUNX1 from the endogenous Etv6 gene locus. Here we show that, while ETV6-RUNX1 has the propensity to trigger both T- and B-lymphoid malignancies, it is the second hit that determines tumor cell identity. To instigate leukemia, both oncogenic hits must place early in the development of hematopoietic/precursor cells, not in already committed B-cells. Depending on the nature of the second hit, the resulting B-ALLs presented distinct entities that were clearly separable based on their gene expression profiles. Our findings give a novel mechanistic insight into the early steps of ETV6-RUNX1+ B-ALL development and might have major implications for the potential development of ETV6-RUNX1+ B-ALL prevention strategies

Determination of Diagnostic Reference Levels (DRLs) in General Radiographyin Latin America

The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) through the International Action Plan on Radiation Protection of Patients and the International Commission on Radiological Protection have for some time carried out important efforts to assure that in the medical applications of the ionising radiations, the optimisation of radiological protection of patients is fundamental, to such a point that the IAEA includes it directly as a requirement for these practices (in its International Basic Safety Standards for Protection against Ionising Radiation and for the Safety of Radiation Sources (BSS)-GSR Part 1, 2011). For this reason, among the objectives of Regional Project RLA/9/057 and Regional Project RLA/9/067, the intention was to establish the dose references in conventional radiology for Latin America, for the purposes of determining whether these doses comply with the requirements of the BSS and to tend to improve practices, in order to minimise the dose received by the patients.Fil: Blanco, Susana Alicia Ana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Belgrano. Facultad de Ingenieria; ArgentinaFil: Mora, Patricia. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Atómicas, Nucleares y Moleculares; Costa RicaFil: Almonte, Narkiss. Comisión Nacional de Energía. Dirección Nuclear; República DominicanaFil: Benavente, Tony. Instituto Peruano de Energía Nuclear; PerúFil: Benson, Nadja. Ministerio de Salud. Dirección General de Salud; Reino UnidoFil: Blanco, Daniel. Universidad de la República. Centro de Investigaciones Nucleares; UruguayFil: Cárdenas, Juan. Centro de Protección e Higiene de las Radiaciones; CubaFil: Defaz Gómez, Yolanda. Hospital Oncológico SOLCA Nucleo de Quito; EcuadorFil: Edding, Oscar. Instituto de Salud Pública; ChileFil: Escobar, Carolina. Ministerio de Salud Pública y Acción Social. Unidad Reguladora de Radiaciones Ionizantes; El SalvadorFil: Fonseca, María. Hospital Nacional Roosevelt; GuatemalaFil: Gamarra, Mirta. Ministerio de Salud Pública y Bienestar Social; ParaguayFil: García Aguilar, Juan. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares; MéxicoFil: Khoury, Helen Jamil. Universidade Federal de Pernambuco; BrasilFil: Quintero, Ana Rosa. Hospital Oncológico "Dr Luis Razetti"; VenezuelaFil: Roas Zuniga, Norma. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Nicaragua; NicaraguaFil: Zaire, Edgar. Instituto Boliviano de Ciencia y Tecnología Nuclear; BoliviaFil: Nader, Alejandro. International Atomic Energy Agency; Austri

Education and Training of Future Nuclear Engineers Through The use of An Interactive Plant Simulator.

The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) sponsors the development of nuclear reactor simulators for education, or arranges the supply of such simulation programs [1]. Aware of this, the Department of Nuclear Engineering of the Universidad Politécnica de Madrid was provided in 2008 with the Interactive Graphical Simulator of the Spanish nuclear power plant José Cabrera, whose operation ceased definitively in 2006. According with the IAEA-TECDOC-1411 [2] , the simulator is a Graphical Simulator, used for training of main control room personnel, technical support engineers, and operations management. This paper presents all the work performed at the Department to turn the simulator into a teaching/learning tool, to be use in the nuclear engineering studies following guidance found in [3]

Resource recovery from sulphate-rich sewage through an innovative anaerobic-based water resource recovery facility (WRRF)

[EN] This research work proposes an innovative water resource recovery facility (WRRF) for the recovery of energy, nutrients and reclaimed water from sewage, which represents a promising approach towards enhanced circular economy scenarios. To this aim, anaerobic technology, microalgae cultivation, and membrane technology were combined in a dedicated platform. The proposed platform produces a high-quality solid- and coliform-free effluent that can be directly discharged to receiving water bodies identified as sensitive areas. Specifically, the content of organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorus in the effluent was 45 mg COD.L-1 , 14.9 mg N.L-1 and 0.5 mg P.L-1 , respectively. Harvested solar energy and carbon dioxide biofixation in the form of microalgae biomass allowed remarkable methane yields (399 STP L CH 4.kg(-1) CODinf ) to be achieved, equivalent to theoretical electricity productions of around 0.52 kWh per m 3 of wastewater entering the WRRF. Furthermore, 26.6% of total nitrogen influent load was recovered as ammonium sulphate, while nitrogen and phosphorus were recovered in the biosolids produced (650 +/- 77 mg N.L-1 and 121.0 +/- 7.2 mg P.L-1).This research was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO, Projects CTM2014-54980-C2-1-R and CTM2014-54980-C2-2-R) jointly with the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), which are gratefully acknowledged. This research was also supported by the Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture and Sport via two pre-doctoral FPU fellowships (FPU14/05082 and FPU15/02595) and by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness via two pre-doctoral FPI fellowships (BES-2015-071884, BES-2015-073403) and one Juan de la Cierva contract (FJCI-2014-21616). The authors would also like to acknowledge the support received from Generalitat Valenciana via two VALithornd post-doctoral grants (APOSTD/2014/049 and APOSTD/2016/104) and via the fellowships APOTI/2016/059 and CPI-16-155, as well as the financial aid received from the European Climate KIC association for the 'MAB 2.0' Project (APIN0057_ 2015-3.6-230_ P066-05) and Universitat Politecnica de Valencia via a pre-doctoral FPI fellowship to the seventh author.Seco Torrecillas, A.; Aparicio Antón, SE.; Gonzalez-Camejo, J.; Jiménez Benítez, AL.; Mateo-Llosa, O.; Mora-Sánchez, JF.; Noriega-Hevia, G.... (2018). Resource recovery from sulphate-rich sewage through an innovative anaerobic-based water resource recovery facility (WRRF). Water Science & Technology. 78(9):1925-1936. https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2018.492S19251936789Bair, R. A., Ozcan, O. O., Calabria, J. L., Dick, G. H., & Yeh, D. H. (2015). 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