Research Center: Elementary School articulation: contributions to the scientific and technological literacy

Neste artigo são discutidos aspectos relacionados à seleção e organização dos conteúdos a serem abordados durante e após visitas a laboratórios de pesquisa em física. Utilizando como exemplo o trabalho de divulgação realizado no acelerador de partículas Pelletron (Instituto de Física da Universidade de São Paulo), com alunos do ensino médio, procuramos identificar elementos que podem orientar o desenvolvimento de propostas escolares organizadas a partir de visitas a centros de pesquisa. Nesse sentido, destaca-se o potencial dessas visitas para a realização de discussões sobre as relações entre Ciência-Tecnologia-Sociedade e a importância do estabelecimento de vínculos com o conteúdo escolarIn this article, we discuss the content selection and organization of visits to physics research laboratories. We use the visits organized for high school students at the Pelletron Laboratory, a particle accelerator from the Instituto de Física da Universidade de São Paulo, as an example for this work. We identify elements that can guide the development of high school activities based on visits to research laboratories. We discuss the potential of these visits for discussions on the relations among Science-Technology-Society and the importance of the establishment of constraints with the high school content

Cientistas dialogam com a escola básica: ações e reflexões para a divulgação científica

O presente trabalho traz uma an´alise das a¸c˜oes promovidas pelos cientistas para apresentar `a sociedade os desenvolvimentos cient´Ä±ficos contemporˆaneos. Uma iniciativa que merece destaque ´e a participa¸c˜ao de pesquisadores em ensino de f´Ä±sica em eventos tipo Masterclass, possibilitando a inser¸c˜ao de quest˜oes culturais e sociais nos materiais de divulga¸c˜ao cient´Ä±fica

The CERN Masterclasses Hands on Particle Physics event : considerations about its role in science communication through its participants perceptions

Neste trabalho são investigados dois aspectos relacionados à experiência da Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC) e da Universidade de São Paulo (USP) durante a realização do evento CERN Masterclasses Hands on Particle Physics, que envolveu estudantes tanto de Ensino Médio quanto de cursos de Licenciatura em Física. O primeiro aspecto considerado para este estudo refere-se ao perfil motivacional dos participantes, quais suas expectativas e interesses no evento. O segundo busca identificar, relativamente aos conteúdos conceituais e técnicos tratados no evento, quais os principais ganhos e dificuldades percebidas pelos participantes. A partir destas informações, analisamos o papel do evento como instrumento de comunicação científica. Para isso, tomamos como referencial teórico o modelo contemporâneo de comunicação científica de Burns, O’Connor e Stocklmayer, o qual entende a comunicação científica como um conjunto de etapas visando levar a Literacia Científica. À luz dos resultados encontrados, foi possível constatar que as ações do evento estão produzindo em seus participantes processos conducentes tanto a uma Consciência quanto Compreensão Públicas da Ciência. Estes processos operam de forma estrutural no desenvolvimento de uma cultura científica, a qual constitui-se, ao mesmo tempo, em causa e conseqüência do processo que leva ao ideal de Literacia Científica. Desta perspectiva, eventuais ajustes no desenho e composição das atividades do evento podem ser melhor subsidiadas, assim como questões relativas às contribuições sócio-educativas e culturais proporcionadas por iniciativas dessa natureza.In this work we investigate two aspects of the UFABC and USP experience with the CERN Masterclasses – Hands on Particle Physics event designed to students from high schools and undergraduate teaching courses. At first the motivational aspect to participate in the event was considered. Then, taking into account the content of the activities we search for the main goals and difficulties perceived by the students. From those informations we analysed the role of the event as a scientific communication instrument. For this, we take the contemporary definition of Science Communication proposed by Burns, O’Connor and Stocklmayer. In their view, science communication must be understood as a processes aiming to approach the scientific literacy ideals. Based on our results it is possible to suggest that the event is leading the participants to advance in direction of a Public Awareness and Understanding of Science. These processes allow the development of a scientific culture which, at the same time, works as cause and consequence for the processes engendering the Scientific Literacy ideals. From this perspective, we point out that changes in the event design as well as their contribuitions to socio-educational and cultural issues can be better supported

Book of Abstracts

USPCAPESFAPESPCNPqINCTMatICMC Summer Meeting on Differentail Equations.\ud São Carlos, Brasil. 3-7 february 2014

Longitudinal Spin Transfer to Λ\Lambda and Λˉ\bar{\Lambda} Hyperons in Polarized Proton-Proton Collisions at s\sqrt{s} = 200 GeV

The longitudinal spin transfer, $D_{LL}$, from high energy polarized protons to $\Lambda$ and $\bar{\Lambda}$ hyperons has been measured for the first time in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 200 \mathrm{GeV}$ with the STAR detector at RHIC. The measurements cover pseudorapidity, $\eta$, in the range $|\eta| < 1.2$ and transverse momenta, $p_\mathrm{T}$, up to $4 \mathrm{GeV}/c$. The longitudinal spin transfer is found to be $D_{LL}= -0.03\pm 0.13(\mathrm{stat}) \pm 0.04(\mathrm{syst})$ for inclusive $\Lambda$ and $D_{LL} = -0.12 \pm 0.08(\mathrm{stat}) \pm 0.03(\mathrm{syst})$ for inclusive $\bar{\Lambda}$ hyperons with $= 0.5$ and $= 3.7 \mathrm{GeV}/c$. The dependence on $\eta$ and $p_\mathrm{T}$ is presented.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure

Growth of Long Range Forward-Backward Multiplicity Correlations with Centrality in Au+Au Collisions at sNN\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 200 GeV

Forward-backward multiplicity correlation strengths have been measured with the STAR detector for Au+Au and $\textit{p+p}$ collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV. Strong short and long range correlations (LRC) are seen in central Au+Au collisions. The magnitude of these correlations decrease with decreasing centrality until only short range correlations are observed in peripheral Au+Au collisions. Both the Dual Parton Model (DPM) and the Color Glass Condensate (CGC) predict the existence of the long range correlations. In the DPM the fluctuation in the number of elementary (parton) inelastic collisions produces the LRC. In the CGC longitudinal color flux tubes generate the LRC. The data is in qualitative agreement with the predictions from the DPM and indicates the presence of multiple parton interactions.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures The abstract has been slightly modifie

Strangeness Enhancement in Cu+Cu and Au+Au Collisions at \sqrt{s_{NN}} = 200 GeV

We report new STAR measurements of mid-rapidity yields for the $\Lambda$, $\bar{\Lambda}$, $K^{0}_{S}$, $\Xi^{-}$, $\bar{\Xi}^{+}$, $\Omega^{-}$, $\bar{\Omega}^{+}$ particles in Cu+Cu collisions at \sNN{200}, and mid-rapidity yields for the $\Lambda$, $\bar{\Lambda}$, $K^{0}_{S}$ particles in Au+Au at \sNN{200}. We show that at a given number of participating nucleons, the production of strange hadrons is higher in Cu+Cu collisions than in Au+Au collisions at the same center-of-mass energy. We find that aspects of the enhancement factors for all particles can be described by a parameterization based on the fraction of participants that undergo multiple collisions

Observation of the antimatter helium-4 nucleus

High-energy nuclear collisions create an energy density similar to that of the universe microseconds after the Big Bang, and in both cases, matter and antimatter are formed with comparable abundance. However, the relatively short-lived expansion in nuclear collisions allows antimatter to decouple quickly from matter, and avoid annihilation. Thus, a high energy accelerator of heavy nuclei is an efficient means of producing and studying antimatter. The antimatter helium-4 nucleus ($^4\bar{He}$), also known as the anti-{\alpha} ($\bar{\alpha}$), consists of two antiprotons and two antineutrons (baryon number B=-4). It has not been observed previously, although the {\alpha} particle was identified a century ago by Rutherford and is present in cosmic radiation at the 10% level. Antimatter nuclei with B < -1 have been observed only as rare products of interactions at particle accelerators, where the rate of antinucleus production in high-energy collisions decreases by about 1000 with each additional antinucleon. We present the observation of the antimatter helium-4 nucleus, the heaviest observed antinucleus. In total 18 $^4\bar{He}$ counts were detected at the STAR experiment at RHIC in 10$^9$ recorded Au+Au collisions at center-of-mass energies of 200 GeV and 62 GeV per nucleon-nucleon pair. The yield is consistent with expectations from thermodynamic and coalescent nucleosynthesis models, which has implications beyond nuclear physics.Comment: 19 pages, 4 figures. Submitted to Nature. Under media embarg

Inclusive charged hadron elliptic flow in Au + Au collisions at sNN\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 7.7 - 39 GeV

A systematic study is presented for centrality, transverse momentum ($p_T$) and pseudorapidity ($\eta$) dependence of the inclusive charged hadron elliptic flow ($v_2$) at midrapidity($|\eta| < 1.0$) in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 7.7, 11.5, 19.6, 27 and 39 GeV. The results obtained with different methods, including correlations with the event plane reconstructed in a region separated by a large pseudorapidity gap and 4-particle cumulants ($v_2{4}$), are presented in order to investigate non-flow correlations and $v_2$ fluctuations. We observe that the difference between $v_2{2}$ and $v_2{4}$ is smaller at the lower collision energies. Values of $v_2$, scaled by the initial coordinate space eccentricity, $v_{2}/\varepsilon$, as a function of $p_T$ are larger in more central collisions, suggesting stronger collective flow develops in more central collisions, similar to the results at higher collision energies. These results are compared to measurements at higher energies at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider ($\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 62.4 and 200 GeV) and at the Large Hadron Collider (Pb + Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 2.76 TeV). The $v_2(p_T)$ values for fixed $p_T$ rise with increasing collision energy within the $p_T$ range studied ($< 2 {\rm GeV}/c$). A comparison to viscous hydrodynamic simulations is made to potentially help understand the energy dependence of $v_{2}(p_{T})$. We also compare the $v_2$ results to UrQMD and AMPT transport model calculations, and physics implications on the dominance of partonic versus hadronic phases in the system created at Beam Energy Scan (BES) energies are discussed.Comment: 20 pages, 12 figures. Version accepted by PR

Forward Neutral Pion Transverse Single Spin Asymmetries in p+p Collisions at \sqrt{s}=200 GeV

We report precision measurements of the Feynman-x dependence, and first measurements of the transverse momentum dependence, of transverse single spin asymmetries for the production of \pi^0 mesons from polarized proton collisions at \sqrt{s}=200 GeV. The x_F dependence of the results is in fair agreement with perturbative QCD model calculations that identify orbital motion of quarks and gluons within the proton as the origin of the spin effects. Results for the p_T dependence at fixed x_F are not consistent with pQCD-based calculations.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figure