27 research outputs found

    Effect of sputtering on the samples of iter-grade tungsten preliminarilly irradiated by tungsten ions: optical investigations

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    Effect of sputtering on the samples of iter-grade tungsten preliminarilly irradiated by tungsten ions: optical investigations

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    Effect of the grain size on the precipitate distribution of the dispersion-strengthened Π‘uΠ‘rZr alloy

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    Single trace terahertz spectroscopic ellipsometry

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    Β© 2019 Optical Society of America. One print or electronic copy may be made for personal use only. Systematic reproduction and distribution, duplication of any material in this paper for a fee or for commercial purposes, or modifications of the content of this paper are prohibited"[EN] A new technique for terahertz time-domain ellipsometry is presented. Information of reflection coefficients of the sample in two orthogonal polarizations is encoded on the same terahertz trace by using a birefringent medium. This allows for single measurement refractive index extraction without the need for a moving analyzer. A comparison of the complex refractive index measurements of optical grade fused silica and non birefringent sapphire are carried out both in reflection ellipsometry and with a standard terahertz transmission spectrometer showing good agreement. (C) 2019 Optical Society of America under the terms of the OSA Open Access Publishing AgreementMinisterio de Ciencia, InnovaciΓ³n y Universidades (TEC2016-80906-R).BΓ‘ez-Chorro, MÁ.; Vidal Rodriguez, B. (2019). Single trace terahertz spectroscopic ellipsometry. Optics Express. 27(24):35468-35474. https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.27.035468S35468354742724Bockelt, A., Palaci Lopez, J., & Vidal, B. (2015). All-Fiber Centralized Architecture for Parallel Terahertz Sensors. IEEE Transactions on Terahertz Science and Technology, 5(1), 137-144. doi:10.1109/tthz.2014.2373313Khazan, M., Meissner, R., & Wilke, I. (2001). Convertible transmission-reflection time-domain terahertz spectrometer. Review of Scientific Instruments, 72(8), 3427-3430. doi:10.1063/1.1384433Liu, H.-B., Chen, Y., Bastiaans, G. J., & Zhang, X.-C. (2006). Detection and identification of explosive RDX by THz diffuse reflection spectroscopy. Optics Express, 14(1), 415. doi:10.1364/opex.14.000415Sanjuan, F., Bockelt, A., & Vidal, B. (2014). Birefringence measurement in the terahertz range based on double Fourier analysis. Optics Letters, 39(4), 809. doi:10.1364/ol.39.000809Nagashima, T., & Hangyo, M. (2001). Measurement of complex optical constants of a highly doped Si wafer using terahertz ellipsometry. Applied Physics Letters, 79(24), 3917-3919. doi:10.1063/1.1426258Matsumoto, N., Hosokura, T., Nagashima, T., & Hangyo, M. (2011). Measurement of the dielectric constant of thin films by terahertz time-domain spectroscopic ellipsometry. Optics Letters, 36(2), 265. doi:10.1364/ol.36.000265Galuza, A. A., Kiseliov, V. K., Kolenov, I. V., Belyaeva, A. I., & Kuleshov, Y. M. (2016). Developments in THz-Range Ellipsometry: Quasi-Optical Ellipsometer. IEEE Transactions on Terahertz Science and Technology, 6(2), 183-190. doi:10.1109/tthz.2016.2525732Morris, C. M., Aguilar, R. V., Stier, A. V., & Armitage, N. P. (2012). Polarization modulation time-domain terahertz polarimetry. Optics Express, 20(11), 12303. doi:10.1364/oe.20.012303Iwata, T., Uemura, H., Mizutani, Y., & Yasui, T. (2014). Double-modulation reflection-type terahertz ellipsometer for measuring the thickness of a thin paint coating. Optics Express, 22(17), 20595. doi:10.1364/oe.22.020595Byrne, M. B., Shaukat, M. U., Cunningham, J. E., Linfield, E. H., & Davies, A. G. (2011). Simultaneous measurement of orthogonal components of polarization in a free-space propagating terahertz signal using electro-optic detection. Applied Physics Letters, 98(15), 151104. doi:10.1063/1.3579258Guo, Q., Zhang, Y., Lyu, Z., Zhang, D., Huang, Y., Meng, C., … Yuan, J. (2019). THz Time-Domain Spectroscopic Ellipsometry With Simultaneous Measurements of Orthogonal Polarizations. IEEE Transactions on Terahertz Science and Technology, 9(4), 422-429. doi:10.1109/tthz.2019.2921200Pupeza, I., Wilk, R., & Koch, M. (2007). Highly accurate optical material parameter determination with THz time-domain spectroscopy. Optics Express, 15(7), 4335. doi:10.1364/oe.15.004335Grischkowsky, D., Keiding, S., van Exter, M., & Fattinger, C. (1990). Far-infrared time-domain spectroscopy with terahertz beams of dielectrics and semiconductors. Journal of the Optical Society of America B, 7(10), 2006. doi:10.1364/josab.7.002006Kim, Y., Yi, M., Kim, B. G., & Ahn, J. (2011). Investigation of THz birefringence measurement and calculation in Al_2O_3 and LiNbO_3. Applied Optics, 50(18), 2906. doi:10.1364/ao.50.002906Chen, X., Parrott, E. P. J., Huang, Z., Chan, H.-P., & Pickwell-MacPherson, E. (2018). Robust and accurate terahertz time-domain spectroscopic ellipsometry. Photonics Research, 6(8), 768. doi:10.1364/prj.6.000768Neshat, M., & Armitage, N. P. (2012). Terahertz time-domain spectroscopic ellipsometry: instrumentation and calibration. Optics Express, 20(27), 29063. doi:10.1364/oe.20.029063Van Exter, M., Fattinger, C., & Grischkowsky, D. (1989). Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy of water vapor. Optics Letters, 14(20), 1128. doi:10.1364/ol.14.00112

    ΠšΠ°Ρ‚Π°Π»ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΏΠΎΡ€ΠΎΡˆΠΊΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… сплавов Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ΅Π»ΡŒβ€“ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΡŒ Π² процСссах элСктрохимичСского выдСлСния Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ΄Π° Π² растворС Ρ‰Π΅Π»ΠΎΡ‡ΠΈ ΠΈ Ρ‰Π΅Π»ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠΌ растворС этанола

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    Ni93Cu and Ni82Cu (at%) alloys were synthesized by the method of combined chemical reduction of Ni(II) and Cu(II) with hydrazine hydrate. These alloys consist of crystalline phases of nickel, solid solution of copper in nickel. Determination by the β€œcapacitive method” of the electrochemically active surface area of working graphite electrodes with β€œcatalytic inks” containing Ni93Cu and Ni82Cu powders showed that it is 4 and 20 % larger than for nickel powder, respectively. It was found that powder alloys Ni93Cu and Ni82Cu are applicable as catalysts for the electrochemical process of hydrogen evolution in alkaline solutions and alkaline ethanol solution. It was determined that the catalytic activity of Ni82Cu powder alloy in the process of hydrogen evolution in the alkaline ethanol solution is higher than for nickel and Ni93Cu powders. The catalytic ability of the Ni82Cu powder alloy during cycling for 25 cycles practically does not change, in contrast to Ni and Ni93Cu. Β ΠœΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ совмСстного химичСского восстановлСния Ni(II) ΠΈ Cu(II) Π³ΠΈΠ΄Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ Π³ΠΈΠ΄Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΈΠ½Π° синтСзированы сплавы Ni93Cu ΠΈ Ni82Cu (Π°Ρ‚.%), состоящиС ΠΈΠ· кристалличСских Ρ„Π°Π· никСля, Ρ‚Π²Π΅Ρ€Π΄ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ раствора ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈ Π² Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ΅Π»Π΅. ΠžΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Смкостным ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ элСктрохимичСски Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡ‰Π°Π΄ΠΈ повСрхности Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‡ΠΈΡ… Π³Ρ€Π°Ρ„ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… элСктродов с «каталитичСскими Ρ‡Π΅Ρ€Π½ΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΌΠΈΒ», содСрТащими ΠΏΠΎΡ€ΠΎΡˆΠΊΠΈ Ni93Cu ΠΈ Ni82Cu, ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΎ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΎΠ½Π° Π½Π° 4 ΠΈ 20 % большС, Ρ‡Π΅ΠΌ для ΠΏΠΎΡ€ΠΎΡˆΠΊΠ° никСля. УстановлСно, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡ€ΠΎΡˆΠΊΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Π΅ сплавы Ni93Cu ΠΈ Ni82Cu ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΌΡ‹ Π² качСствС ΠΊΠ°Ρ‚Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ² элСктрохимичСского процСсса выдСлСния Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ΄Π° Π² растворах Ρ‰Π΅Π»ΠΎΡ‡Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈ Ρ‰Π΅Π»ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠΌ растворС этанола. ΠžΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ каталитичСская Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΏΠΎΡ€ΠΎΡˆΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ сплава Ni82Cu Π² процСссС выдСлСния Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ΄Π° Π² Ρ‰Π΅Π»ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠΌ растворС этанола Π²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ΅, Ρ‡Π΅ΠΌ для ΠΏΠΎΡ€ΠΎΡˆΠΊΠΎΠ² никСля ΠΈ Ni93Cu. ΠšΠ°Ρ‚Π°Π»ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΏΠΎΡ€ΠΎΡˆΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ сплава Ni82Cu ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Ρ†ΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π² Ρ‚Π΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ 25 Ρ†ΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ² практичСски Π½Π΅ мСняСтся Π² ΠΎΡ‚Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡ‚ Ni ΠΈ Ni93Cu.

    ΠŸΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡ€ΠΎΡˆΠΊΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… сплавов со структурой частиц ядро-ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡ‡ΠΊΠ° бСзэлСктролизным осаТдСниСм ΠΈΠ· растворов

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    Methods of binary and ternary powdery alloys (Cu-Sn, Cu-Zn, Ni-Cu-Zn, Ni-Sn-Zn, Cu-Fe, Ni-Cu-Fe, Ni-Cu, Ni-Cu-Al) preparation with core-shell particles structure have been developed using the processes either of copper, nickel, tin ions cementation from solutions with tin, zinc, iron powders or nickel chemical deposition from hypophosphite solutions on the mixtures of copper and aluminum powders. Metals quota in the powdery products can be controlled by varying the duration of cementation or chemical deposition, the ratio of reagents quantities, pH and concentration of solutions. The possibility of simultaneous reduction of nickel(II) and tin(II) ions with zinc powder or copper(II) and nickel(II) ions with iron powder with the formation of ternary alloys has been revealed. Low-temperature formation of intermetallic phases in Cu-Sn, Ni-Sn-Zn systems and solid solutions in Ni-Cu-Zn, Cu-Fe, Ni-Cu-Fe systems has been shown to occur during the cementation. The particles of the initial powders (Al, Cu) are coated with loose and more or less sealed shells during nickel chemical reduction from solutions. Spherical particles, flower-type compact aggregates or dendrites, depending on the nature of metals and processes duration, are formed during the cementation. The powders obtained by cementation andchemical deposition from solutions can be used in the manufacture of products for structural and instrumental (Cu-Sn, Cu-Zn, Ni-Cu-Zn, Ni-Sn-Zn, Cu-Fe, Ni-Cu, Ni-Cu-Al), antifriction (Ni-Cu-Fe, Ni-Cu) and electrical (Ni-Cu, Ni-Cu-Zn) applications, as well as solders (Cu-Zn, Ni-Sn-Zn).Π Π°Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π°Π½Ρ‹ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ получСния ΠΏΠΎΡ€ΠΎΡˆΠΊΠΎΠ² Π΄Π²ΠΎΠΉΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΈ Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠΉΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… сплавов ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Π°Π»Π»ΠΎΠ² (Cu-Sn, Cu-Zn, Ni-Cu-Zn, Ni-Sn-Zn, Cu-Fe, Ni-Cu-Fe, Ni-Cu, Ni-Cu-Al) со структурой частиц ядро-ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡ‡ΠΊΠ° с использованиСм процСссов Π»ΠΈΠ±ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ вытСснСния (ΠšΠ’) ΠΈΠ· растворов ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈ, никСля, ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π° ΠΏΠΎΡ€ΠΎΡˆΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π°, Ρ†ΠΈΠ½ΠΊΠ°, ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Π°, Π»ΠΈΠ±ΠΎ химичСского осаТдСния (Π₯О) никСля ΠΈΠ· гипофосфитных растворов Π½Π° смСси ΠΏΠΎΡ€ΠΎΡˆΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈ ΠΈ алюминия. Для ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ· ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… систСм выявлСны Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ ΡΠΎΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Π°Π»Π»ΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΏΠΎΡ€ΠΎΡˆΠΊΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΡƒΠΊΡ‚Π°Ρ…. ΠžΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ долю ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Π°Π»Π»ΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΏΠΎΡ€ΠΎΡˆΠΊΠ°Ρ… ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Ρ€Π΅Π³ΡƒΠ»ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ, Π²Π°Ρ€ΡŒΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡ Π΄Π»ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠšΠ’ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π₯О, ΡΠΎΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ количСств Ρ€Π΅Π°Π³Π΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ², рН ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΡŽ растворов. ВыявлСна Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ совмСстного восстановлСния ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² Π½ΠΈ-кСля(Π© ΠΈ ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π°(Π© ΠΏΠΎΡ€ΠΎΡˆΠΊΠΎΠΌ Ρ†ΠΈΠ½ΠΊΠ° ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈ(11) ΠΈ никСля(11) ΠΏΠΎΡ€ΠΎΡˆΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Π° с ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠΉΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… сплавов. Показано, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‚Π΅ΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠšΠ’ происходит Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΎΡ‚Π΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ интСрмСталличСских Ρ„Π°Π· (систСмы Cu-Sn, Ni-Sn-Zn) ΠΈ Ρ‚Π²Π΅Ρ€Π΄Ρ‹Ρ… растворов (систСмы Ni-Cu-Zn, Cu-Fe, Ni-Cu-Fe). Π’ процСссС Π₯О никСля ΠΈΠ· растворов частицы исходных ΠΏΠΎΡ€ΠΎΡˆΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡ€Ρ‹Π²Π°ΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ Ρ€Ρ‹Ρ…Π»Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅-ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΅ Π³Π΅Ρ€ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡ‡ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ. ΠŸΡ€ΠΈ ΠšΠ’ Π² зависимости ΠΎΡ‚ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Π°Π»Π»ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Π΄Π»ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ процСсса ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ сфСричСскиС частицы, ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°ΠΊΡ‚Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Π°Π³Ρ€Π΅Π³Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ Π² Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ΅ Ρ€ΠΎΠ·Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠΊ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π΄Π΅Π½Π΄Ρ€ΠΈΡ‚Ρ‹. ΠŸΠΎΡ€ΠΎΡˆΠΊΠΈ, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π°Π΅ΠΌΡ‹Π΅ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠšΠ’ ΠΈ Π₯О, ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡƒΡ‚ Π±Ρ‹Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ‹ для изготовлСния ΠΈΠ·Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΠΉ конструкционного ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡ‚Ρ€ΡƒΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ (Cu-Sn, Cu-Zn, Ni-Cu-Zn, Ni-Sn-Zn, Cu-Fe, Ni-Cu, Ni-Cu-Al), Π°Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΡ„Ρ€ΠΈΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ (Ni-Cu-Fe, Ni-Cu) ΠΈ элСктротСхничСского (Ni-Cu, Ni-Cu-Zn) назначСния, Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π² качСствС Ρ‚Π²Π΅Ρ€Π΄Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ΅Π² (Cu-Zn, Ni-Sn-Zn)

    Synthesis of optimal multilayer periodic systems: multicriterial approach and realization of synthesized system

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    A novel effective approach to formulation and solving of a multilayer system synthesis problem has been developed. The main characteristics of the system spectrum are used as quality criteria to formulate the multicriteria optimization problem. The preliminary analysis of a specific system has been shown to simplify the optimization procedure essentially and to obtain a unique solution of the problem. A set of examples illustates the efficiency of the developed approach. Physical reasons for deviations of experimentally realized system from the synthesized one have been formulated
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