СУЧАСНІ ПІДХОДИ ДО ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ СУТНОСТІ ТА КЛАСИФІКАЦІЇ ІНСТРУМЕНТІВ МОНЕТАРНОГО ВПЛИВУ НА ЕКОНОМІКУ

Modern practice of regulation of social and economic development both in developed, and in developing countries stresses, that powerful and sufficiently effective mechanism of influence on economic development is the monetary policy of the central banks.  Importance of scientific substantiation effective monetary policy and structurally balanced system of monetary instruments is significantly growing in the reformation and the formation of the national economy, in the definition of regulatory significance in overcoming the crisis and facilitating the development.Effective stimulatory monetary policy can provide the impetus for the growth of the economy, to create conditions for high and stable rate of expanded reproduction. Therefore, search the optimal limits of state intervention in the monetary sphere, effective combinations of monetary instruments, management mechanism of monetary regulation allows purposefully and effectively influence on economic processes and ensure stable economic growth, which is extremely important for the national economy.There is analysis of the concepts, approaches and areas of economic thought to determine the monetary methods of economic regulation, based on a synthesis, which formed the author's definition of the "monetary instruments" and improved classification in the article.В статье рассмотрена трактовка экономической сущности инструментария монетарного регулирования, приведено авторское определение категории "монетарный инструментарий". Предложена усовершенствованная автором классификация инструментов монетарного регулирования экономического роста.В статті розглянуто трактування економічної сутності інструментарію монетарного регулювання, наведене авторське визначення категорії «монетарний інструментарій». Запропонована вдосконалена автором класифікація інструментів монетарного регулювання економічного зростання

ВПЛИВ ЗОВНІШНІХ ТА ВНУТРІШНІХ ФАКТОРІВ НА ФІНАНСОВУ БЕЗПЕКУ ПІДПРИЄМСТВА

Macroeconomic indicators of economic development undoubtedly affect the development of the industry. For a quantitative analysis of the impact of external macroeconomic factors on the development of agriculture built regression equation. Independent variables chosen main macroeconomic indicators of economic development, dependent variables selected volume of industrial products.For the evaluation and forecasting system of financial security used econometric methods, due to the stochastic nature of the factors of the enterprise and its threats to financial security. Application of methods of correlation–regression analysis makes it possible to evaluate the impact of changing market conditions on the level of financial security, to analyze causal relationships between indicators of financial security, to assess the strength and direction of these relationships, consider several possible futures of the economic system.Research interdependence of external and internal factors of financial security company showed that on financial security of  the enterprise impact indicators such as the consumer price index; index growth of public debt;  index of growth the original value of fixed assets in Ukraine.  Three–dimensional surface of the regression allows to analyze the causal relationships between the studied indicators, to assess the strength and direction of these relationships, consider possible options for the future of financial security. Исследована взаимосвязь внешних и внутренних факторов на финансовую безопасность предприятия. Доказано, что на финансовую безопасность предприятий влияют индекс потребительских цен; индекс роста государственного долга; индекс роста первоначальной стоимости основных средств Украины. Построена трехмерная поверхность регрессии, которая позволяет провести анализ причинно–следственных связей между исследуемыми факторами, оценить силу и направление этих взаимосвязей, рассмотреть возможные варианты будущего уровня финансовой безопасности.Досліджено взаємозалежніть зовнішніх та внутрішніх факторів фінансової безпеки підприємства. Доведено, що на фінансову безпеку підприємств впливають індекс споживчих цін; індекс росту державного боргу; індекс росту первісної вартості основних засобів України. Побудована тривимірна поверхня регресії дозволяє провести аналіз причинно–наслідкових зв’язків між досліджуваними індикаторами, оцінити силу та напрям цих взаємозв’язків, розглянути можливі варіанти майбутнього рівня фінансової безпеки

Polarization sensitive spectroscopy of charged Quantum Dots

We present an experimental and theoretical study of the polarized photoluminescence spectrum of single semiconductor quantum dots in various charge states. We compare our high resolution polarization sensitive spectral measurements with a new many-carrier theoretical model, which was developed for this purpose. The model considers both the isotropic and anisotropic exchange interactions between all participating electron-hole pairs. With this addition, we calculate both the energies and polarizations of all optical transitions between collective, quantum dot confined charge carrier states. We succeed in identifying most of the measured spectral lines. In particular, the lines resulting from singly-, doubly- and triply- negatively charged excitons and biexcitons. We demonstrate that lines emanating from evenly charged states are linearly polarized. Their polarization direction does not necessarily coincide with the traditional crystallographic direction. It depends on the shells of the single carriers, which participate in the recombination process.Comment: 11 pages, 9 figures. Revised versio

The MHD nature of ionospheric wave packets excited by the solar terminator

We obtained the first experimental evidence for the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) nature of ionospheric medium-scale travelling wave packets (MSTWP). We used data on total electron content (TEC) measurements obtained at the dense Japanese network GPS/GEONET (1220 stations) in 2008-2009. We found that the diurnal, seasonal and spectral MSTWP characteristics are specified by the solar terminator (ST) dynamics. MSTWPs are the chains of narrow-band TEC oscillations with single packet's duration of about 1-2 hours and oscillation periods of 10-20 minutes. Their total duration is about 4--6 hours. The MSTWP spatial structure is characterized by a high degree of anisotropy and coherence at the distance of more than 10 wavelengths. The MSTWP direction of travelling is characterized by a high directivity regardless of seasons. Occurrence rate of daytime MSTWPs is high in winter and during equinoxes. Occurrence rate of nighttime MSTIDs has its peak in summer. These features are consistent with previous MS travelling ionosphere disturbance (TID) statistics obtained from 630-nm airglow imaging observations in Japan. In winter, MSTWPs in the northern hemisphere are observed 3-4 hours after the morning ST passage. In summer, MSTWPs are detected 1.5-2 hours before the evening ST occurrence at the point of observations, at the moment of the evening ST passage in the magneto-conjugate point. Both the high Q-factor of oscillatory system and synchronization of MSTWP occurrence with the solar terminator passage at the point of observations and in the magneto-conjugate area testify the MHD nature of ST-excited MSTWP generation. The obtained results are the first experimental evidence for the hypothesis of the ST-generated ion sound waves.Comment: 12 pages, 3 figure

Multiphysics and Thermodynamic Formulations for Equilibrium and Non-equilibrium Interactions: Non-linear Finite Elements Applied to Multi-coupled Active Materials

[EN] Combining several theories this paper presents a general multiphysics framework applied to the study of coupled and active materials, considering mechanical, electric, magnetic and thermal fields. The framework is based on thermodynamic equilibrium and non-equilibrium interactions, both linked by a two-temperature model. The multi-coupled governing equations are obtained from energy, momentum and entropy balances; the total energy is the sum of thermal, mechanical and electromagnetic parts. The momentum balance considers mechanical plus electromagnetic balances; for the latter the Abraham rep- resentation using the Maxwell stress tensor is formulated. This tensor is manipulated to automatically fulfill the angular momentum balance. The entropy balance is for- mulated using the classical Gibbs equation for equilibrium interactions and non-equilibrium thermodynamics. For the non-linear finite element formulations, this equation requires the transformation of thermoelectric coupling and conductivities into tensorial form. The two-way thermoe- lastic Biot term introduces damping: thermomechanical, pyromagnetic and pyroelectric converse electromagnetic dynamic interactions. Ponderomotrix and electromagnetic forces are also considered. The governing equations are converted into a variational formulation with the resulting four-field, multi-coupled formalism implemented and val- idated with two custom-made finite elements in the research code FEAP. Standard first-order isoparametric eight-node elements with seven degrees of freedom (dof) per node (three displacements, voltage and magnetic scalar potentials plus two temperatures) are used. Non-linearities and dynamics are solved with Newton-Raphson and New- mark-b algorithms, respectively. Results of thermoelectric, thermoelastic, thermomagnetic, piezoelectric, piezomag- netic, pyroelectric, pyromagnetic and galvanomagnetic interactions are presented, including non-linear depen- dency on temperature and some second-order interactions.This research was partially supported by grants CSD2008-00037 Canfranc Underground Physics, Polytechnic University of Valencia under programs PAID 02-11-1828 and 05-10-2674. The first author used the grant Generalitat Valenciana BEST/2014/232 for the completion of this work.Pérez-Aparicio, JL.; Palma, R.; Taylor, R. (2016). Multiphysics and Thermodynamic Formulations for Equilibrium and Non-equilibrium Interactions: Non-linear Finite Elements Applied to Multi-coupled Active Materials. Archives of Computational Methods in Engineering. 23:535-583. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11831-015-9149-9S53558323Abraham M (1910) Sull’elettrodinamica di Minkowski. 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СУЧАСНІ ПІДХОДИ ДО ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ СУТНОСТІ ТА КЛАСИФІКАЦІЇ ІНСТРУМЕНТІВ МОНЕТАРНОГО ВПЛИВУ НА ЕКОНОМІКУ

Modern practice of regulation of social and economic development both in developed, and in developing countries stresses, that powerful and sufficiently effective mechanism of influence on economic development is the monetary policy of the central banks.  Importance of scientific substantiation effective monetary policy and structurally balanced system of monetary instruments is significantly growing in the reformation and the formation of the national economy, in the definition of regulatory significance in overcoming the crisis and facilitating the development.Effective stimulatory monetary policy can provide the impetus for the growth of the economy, to create conditions for high and stable rate of expanded reproduction. Therefore, search the optimal limits of state intervention in the monetary sphere, effective combinations of monetary instruments, management mechanism of monetary regulation allows purposefully and effectively influence on economic processes and ensure stable economic growth, which is extremely important for the national economy.There is analysis of the concepts, approaches and areas of economic thought to determine the monetary methods of economic regulation, based on a synthesis, which formed the author's definition of the "monetary instruments" and improved classification in the article.В статье рассмотрена трактовка экономической сущности инструментария монетарного регулирования, приведено авторское определение категории "монетарный инструментарий". Предложена усовершенствованная автором классификация инструментов монетарного регулирования экономического роста.В статті розглянуто трактування економічної сутності інструментарію монетарного регулювання, наведене авторське визначення категорії «монетарний інструментарій». Запропонована вдосконалена автором класифікація інструментів монетарного регулювання економічного зростання

ВПЛИВ ЗОВНІШНІХ ТА ВНУТРІШНІХ ФАКТОРІВ НА ФІНАНСОВУ БЕЗПЕКУ ПІДПРИЄМСТВА

Macroeconomic indicators of economic development undoubtedly affect the development of the industry. For a quantitative analysis of the impact of external macroeconomic factors on the development of agriculture built regression equation. Independent variables chosen main macroeconomic indicators of economic development, dependent variables selected volume of industrial products.For the evaluation and forecasting system of financial security used econometric methods, due to the stochastic nature of the factors of the enterprise and its threats to financial security. Application of methods of correlation–regression analysis makes it possible to evaluate the impact of changing market conditions on the level of financial security, to analyze causal relationships between indicators of financial security, to assess the strength and direction of these relationships, consider several possible futures of the economic system.Research interdependence of external and internal factors of financial security company showed that on financial security of  the enterprise impact indicators such as the consumer price index; index growth of public debt;  index of growth the original value of fixed assets in Ukraine.  Three–dimensional surface of the regression allows to analyze the causal relationships between the studied indicators, to assess the strength and direction of these relationships, consider possible options for the future of financial security. Исследована взаимосвязь внешних и внутренних факторов на финансовую безопасность предприятия. Доказано, что на финансовую безопасность предприятий влияют индекс потребительских цен; индекс роста государственного долга; индекс роста первоначальной стоимости основных средств Украины. Построена трехмерная поверхность регрессии, которая позволяет провести анализ причинно–следственных связей между исследуемыми факторами, оценить силу и направление этих взаимосвязей, рассмотреть возможные варианты будущего уровня финансовой безопасности.Досліджено взаємозалежніть зовнішніх та внутрішніх факторів фінансової безпеки підприємства. Доведено, що на фінансову безпеку підприємств впливають індекс споживчих цін; індекс росту державного боргу; індекс росту первісної вартості основних засобів України. Побудована тривимірна поверхня регресії дозволяє провести аналіз причинно–наслідкових зв’язків між досліджуваними індикаторами, оцінити силу та напрям цих взаємозв’язків, розглянути можливі варіанти майбутнього рівня фінансової безпеки

ОЦІНКА ВПЛИВУ ФАКТОРУ КОНЦЕНТРАЦІЇ КАПІТАЛУ НА ЕФЕКТИВНІСТЬ БАНКІВСЬКОЇ СИСТЕМИ В СУЧАСНИХ ТРАНСФОРМАЦІЙНИХ УМОВАХ

The article proposes methodological aspects of the banking system efficiency evaluating in the direction of the influence on capital concentration factor under modern transformation conditions. Capital efficiency was investigated as the dependence of Ukrainian banks' total income on the volume of its equity and liabilities on the basis of Cobb-Douglas nonlinear regression models for for data according Ukrainian banks’ records for 8 years, which were classified into four groups by the size of regulatory capital and assets.The bank`s inefficiency measure is calculated on the basis of real data and standart values for each factors as Euclidean space distance to the efficiency level.The forecasted characteristics of banks' activity efficiency in groups using exponential smoothing methods and piecewise models are determined.According to the results of the prognosis of the estimates of capital efficiency according to the model of piecewise linear regression, a general drop in the capital efficiency of the banking system as a whole in groups is envisioned.To evaluate the overall efficiency of banks, the matrix "productivity — efficiency" was created. The obtained estimates confirm the uneven distribution of banks by quadrants, the absolute majority of which are concentrated in a quadrant with a critical level of efficiency. The implementation of the proposed toolkit on the basis of models of evaluation of the productivity and efficiency of the banks' allows us to identify banks that require a radical change in strategy, revision of the process of using resources with the aim of reduction of the dependence of banks' profitability on negative external influences.Предложены методологические аспекты оценки эффективности банковской системы в направлении влияния фактора концентрации капитала в современных трансформационных условиях. Исследована капитальная эффективность как зависимость совокупного дохода банков Украины от объемов собственного капитала и обязательств на основе построения моделей нелинейной регрессии Кобба — Дугласа для данных банков Украины за восемь лет, которые классифицированы на четыре группы по размеру регулятивного капитала и активов. Рассчитана мера неефективности банка на основе реальных данных и эталонных значений для каждого из факторов как расстояние в евклидовом пространстве до эталона эффективности. Определены прогнозные характеристики эффективности деятельности банков по группам с использованием методов експоненциального сглаживания и моделей с переключениями. В соответствии с результатами прогноза оценок капитальной эффективности по модели кусочно-линейной регрессии предсказано общее падение капитальной эффективности банковской системы в целом по всем группам.Для оценки общей эффективности банков построена матрицу «производительность — результативность». Полученные оценки подтверждают неравномерность распределения банков по квадрантами, абсолютное большинство которых сконцентрировано в квадранте с критическим уровнем эффективности. Реализация предлагаемого инструментария на основе моделей оценки эффективности и результативности деятельности банков позволяет выделить банки, которые нуждаются в кардинальной смене стратегии, пересмотра процесса использования ресурсов с целью уменьшения степени зависимости прибыльности банков от негативных воздействий внешней среды.Запропоновано методологічні аспекти оцінки ефективності банківської системи в напрямі впливу фактору концентрації капіталу в сучасних трансформаційних умовах. Дослiджено капiтальну ефективнiсть як залежнiсть сукупного доходу банкiв України вiд обсягiв власного капiталу і зобов’язань на основі побудови моделей нелiнiйної регресiї Кобба — Дугласа для даних за банками України за вiсiм рокiв, які класифіковано на чотири групи за розмiром регулятивного капiталу i активiв. Розраховано мiру неефективностi банку на основi реальних даних та еталонних значень для кожного з факторiв як вiдстань в евклiдовому просторi до межi ефективностi групами. Визначено прогнозні характеристики ефективностi дiяльностi банкiв за групами з використанням методів експоненцiйного згладжування і моделей із переключеннями. Вiдповiдно до результатiв прогнозу оцiнок капiтальної ефективностi за моделлю кусково-лiнiйної регресiї передбачено загальне падiння капiтальної ефективностi банкiвської системи в цілому за групами.Для оцінки загальної ефективності банкiв побудовано матрицю «продуктивність — результативність». Отримані оцінки підтверджують нерівномірність розподiлу банкiв за квадрантами, абсолютна бiльшiсть з яких сконцентрована у квадрантi з критичним рiвнем ефективностi. Реалiзацiя пропонованого інструментарію на основі моделей оцiнки продуктивностi та результативностi дiяльностi банкiв дозволяє визначити банки, якi потребують кардинальної змiни стратегiї, перегляду процесу використання ресурсiв з цiллю зменшення залежностi прибутковостi банкiв вiд негативних впливiв зовнiшнього середовища