97 research outputs found

    Non random distribution of transcription factor binding sites in the Arabidopsis thaliana genome

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    Das Genom der kleinen Pflanze Arabidopsis thaliana ist komplett durchsequenziert und annotiert, wodurch es fĂŒr die Bioinformatik gut geeignet ist. In der hier vorliegenden Arbeit wurden Verteilungsanalysen von Transkriptionsfaktor-Bindungsstellen (TFBSn) durchgefĂŒhrt. Da die genomische Verteilung von TFBSn mit dem AT/GC Gehalt zusammenhĂ€ngen kann, wurde zunĂ€chst der AT Gehalt der Regionen innerhalb von Genen, wie UTRs, Introns, Exons, sowie des intergenischen Bereichs untersucht. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass der Beginn und das Ende der UTRs, Introns und Exons bevorzugte Nukleotidkompositionen aufweisen. In einem weiteren Schritt fand eine genomweite Suche nach TFBSn fĂŒr verschiedene Transkriptionsfaktoren (TFen) statt. Die Suche basierte auf Matrizen, die z.B. aus der Literatur extrahiert wurden. Danach wurden Verteilungsanalysen der TFBSn relativ zum Translationsstartpunkt und zu den oben genannten Genregionen durchgefĂŒhrt. Drei verschiedene Verteilungsmuster relativ zum Translationsstartpunkt konnten identifiziert werden, upstream, downstream und indifferent. Es wurde gezeigt, dass eine upstream Verteilung nicht das vorherrschende Verteilungsmuster darstellte. Es war festzustellen, dass die Verteilungsmuster nicht nur vom AT/GC Gehalt abhĂ€ngen. In einer weiteren Analyse konnte demonstriert werden, dass einige TFBSn (z.B. von AtMYB77) an konservierten Positionen relativ zu den oben benannten Genregionen verschiedener Gene Anreicherungen aufwiesen. Diese konservierte Lokalisation kann auf Ă€hnliche Expressionsmuster der putativen Zielgene hindeuten. Um dies zu analysieren wurden die Expressionsmuster der möglichen Zielgene unter Einsatz von Microarray Genexpressionsdaten untersucht. Signifikante Korrelationen konnten bei den TFs AtMYB77, AtMYB84, AGL15, PIF3 und ATHB5 und ihren putativen Zielgenen identifiziert werden, was auf eine mögliche Koregulation dieser Gene hindeutet.The genome of the small flowering plant Arabidopsis thaliana is almost completely sequenced and annotated and, therefore, is a valuable resource for bioinformatics. In the studies underlying this thesis, distribution patterns for various transcription factor binding sites (TFBSs) within the A. thaliana genome were determined. Since the genomic distribution pattern of TFBSs may be connected with their AT/GC content, the AT content of gene regions such as UTRs, Introns, Exons, and intergenic regions was assessed at first. It was shown that the starts and the ends of UTRs, Introns, and Exons have preferred nucleotide compositions. In a further step, a genome-wide search for TFBSs of various transcription factors (TFs) was carried out. The search was based on matrices derived e.g. from literature. Then, TFBS distribution patterns relative to translation start site and within the above mentioned gene regions were investigated. Three different distribution patterns, i) upstream, ii) downstream, and iii) indifferent relative to the translation start site were detected. It was shown, that upstream was not the most prominent pattern. It was remarkable that the distribution patterns do not only depend on the AT/GC content. In a further analysis, it was shown that some TFBSs (e.g. of AtMYB77) are located at conserved positions relative to the above mentioned gene regions. This conserved location may indicate a similar gene expression pattern of the putative target genes. To analyse this, the gene expression patterns of candidate genes were determined by using microarrray gene expression data. Significant correlations were found between the TFs AtMYB77, AtMYB84, AGL15, PIF3, and ATHB5 and their corresponding putative target genes indicating a coregulation of these genes

    Einstellungsvoraussetzungen fĂŒr LehrkrĂ€fte an Fachschulen fĂŒr SozialpĂ€dagogik. Eine Analyse bundeslandspezifischer Regelungen

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    Mit dem Lehramt der beruflichen Fachrichtung SozialpĂ€dagogik gibt es zwar ein Studium, das explizit fĂŒr den Unterricht an den Fachschulen qualifiziert, die Absolventinnen und Absolventen reichen aber nicht aus, um den LehrkrĂ€ftebedarf an den Schulen zu decken. Das Arbeitspapier stellt die bundeslandspezifischen Regelungen fĂŒr die Einstellung von nicht grundstĂ€ndig ausgebildeten LehrkrĂ€ften dar und beschreibt auch die Qualifizierungsmaßnahmen, die es vonseiten der LĂ€nder fĂŒr diese Bewerberinnen und Bewerber gibt. Die Ergebnisse der Recherchen zeigen, dass die Möglichkeiten zum Einstieg in den Beruf als Lehrkraft vielfĂ€ltig und die zulĂ€ssigen Qualifikationen und Qualifizierungsmaßnahmen ĂŒber die 16 BundeslĂ€nder hinweg sehr heterogen sind. Deutschlandweit geltende Mindestqualifikationsanforderungen und evidenzbasierte Qualifizierungsmaßnahmen könnten dazu beitragen, den Unterricht abzudecken und die QualitĂ€t der Erzieherinnen- und Erzieherausbildung zu erhalten. (DIPF/Orig.

    AthaMap web tools for the analysis and identification of co-regulated genes

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    The AthaMap database generates a map of cis-regulatory elements for the whole Arabidopsis thaliana genome. This database has been extended by new tools to identify common cis-regulatory elements in specific regions of user-provided gene sets. A resulting table displays all cis-regulatory elements annotated in AthaMap including positional information relative to the respective gene. Further tables show overviews with the number of individual transcription factor binding sites (TFBS) present and TFBS common to the whole set of genes. Over represented cis-elements are easily identified. These features were used to detect specific enrichment of drought-responsive elements in cold-induced genes. For identification of co-regulated genes, the output table of the colocalization function was extended to show the closest genes and their relative distances to the colocalizing TFBS. Gene sets determined by this function can be used for a co-regulation analysis in microarray gene expression databases such as Genevestigator or PathoPlant. Additional improvements of AthaMap include display of the gene structure in the sequence window and a significant data increase. AthaMap is freely available at

    AthaMap web tools for database-assisted identification of combinatorial cis-regulatory elements and the display of highly conserved transcription factor binding sites in Arabidopsis thaliana

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    The AthaMap database generates a map of cis-regulatory elements for the Arabidopsis thaliana genome. AthaMap contains more than 7.4 × 10(6) putative binding sites for 36 transcription factors (TFs) from 16 different TF families. A newly implemented functionality allows the display of subsets of higher conserved transcription factor binding sites (TFBSs). Furthermore, a web tool was developed that permits a user-defined search for co-localizing cis-regulatory elements. The user can specify individually the level of conservation for each TFBS and a spacer range between them. This web tool was employed for the identification of co-localizing sites of known interacting TFs and TFs containing two DNA-binding domains. More than 1.8 × 10(5) combinatorial elements were annotated in the AthaMap database. These elements can also be used to identify more complex co-localizing elements consisting of up to four TFBSs. The AthaMap database and the connected web tools are a valuable resource for the analysis and the prediction of gene expression regulation at

    Unterschiede in der beruflichen Belastung von grundstĂ€ndig und nicht-grundstĂ€ndig qualifizierten LehrkrĂ€ften an Fachschulen fĂŒr SozialpĂ€dagogik

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    Die Zahl der nicht-grundstĂ€ndig ausgebildeten LehrkrĂ€fte in Deutschland nahm in den vergangenen Jahren stetig zu. Insbesondere die beruflichen Schulen sind stark auf LehrkrĂ€fte aus dem Quer- und Seiteneinstieg angewiesen. Vor diesem Hintergrund untersucht der vorliegende Beitrag auf Basis von Mehrebenenanalysen, inwiefern sich LehrkrĂ€fte der beruflichen Fachrichtung SozialpĂ€dagogik mit verschiedenen QualifikationshintergrĂŒnden in ihrer wahrgenommenen beruflichen Belastung unterscheiden. Es werden grundstĂ€ndig ausgebildete LehrkrĂ€fte mit Quer-, Seiten- und Direkteinsteigenden sowie LehrkrĂ€ften, die schulartfremd unterrichten, verglichen. Die Daten stammen aus einer bundesweiten quantitativen Befragung von 850 LehrkrĂ€ften an Fachschulen fĂŒr SozialpĂ€dagogik. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass sich LehrkrĂ€fte, die ĂŒber den Direkteinstieg an die Fachschulen gekommen sind, signifikant geringer belastet fĂŒhlen als grundstĂ€ndig ausgebildete LehrkrĂ€fte. Zudem finden sich signifikante EinflĂŒsse der kollegialen Kooperation, der Unterrichtsstörungen und des Schulklimas auf das Belastungsempfinden. Die Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass auch nichtgrundstĂ€ndig qualifizierte LehrkrĂ€fte die Anforderungen des Berufs bewĂ€ltigen und die berufsbiografischen HintergrĂŒnde sogar eine Ressource im Umgang mit den potenziellen Belastungen des Lehrberufs sein können. (DIPF/Orig.

    GRUPO DE SAÚDE MENTAL: UM RELATO DE EXPERIÊNCIA NA EXTENSÃO UNIVERSITÁRIA

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    Os transtornos mentais constituem um grave problema de saĂșde mental em Ăąmbito mundial e afetam pessoas de todas as idades, culturas e nĂ­veis socioeconĂŽmicos. Dentre as inĂșmeras estratĂ©gias de apoio, de inserção e de estĂ­mulo Ă  continuidade ao tratamento de pessoas com transtornos mentais, destacam-se os grupos na comunidade. Este estudo relata a experiĂȘncia de uma acadĂȘmica do curso de Enfermagem da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, vinculada ao Projeto de ExtensĂŁo ESF Pitoresca-Grupo Evolução, no perĂ­odo de 2014 e 2015. Evidenciou-se que os transtornos mentais que acometem com mais frequĂȘncia os usuĂĄrios do grupo sĂŁo os de ansiedade, esquizofrenia, depressĂŁo e transtorno afetivo bipolar. Dessa maneira, a equipe da ESF Pitoresca, juntamente com a Universidade, entende essa atividade como uma ação que contribui no atendimento em saĂșde mental, sendo uma atividade que reinventa a vida em seu aspecto mais cotidiano

    Letter to the Editor: Authors' response.

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    yesWe thank Professors Evans and Wilkins for their interest in our systematic review.(1) We have reached the same conclusion as previous systematic reviews published in 2008(2) and 2014(3) and a review prepared for the New Zealand Ministry for Health in 2009.(4) Even the ‘alternative systematic review’ prepared by Professors Evans and Allen about which we have significant misgivings concludes that ‘larger and rigorous randomised controlled trials of interventions for visual stress are required’.(5)A response to Professors Evans and Wilkins regarding the systematic review: Griffiths PG, Taylor RH, Henderson LM and Barrett BT (2016) The effect of coloured overlays and lenses on reading: a systematic review of the literature. Ophthalmic & Physiological Optics. 36: 519–544

    Patch-based nonlinear image registration for gigapixel whole slide images

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    ProducciĂłn CientĂ­ficaImage registration of whole slide histology images allows the fusion of fine-grained information-like different immunohistochemical stains-from neighboring tissue slides. Traditionally, pathologists fuse this information by looking subsequently at one slide at a time. If the slides are digitized and accurately aligned at cell level, automatic analysis can be used to ease the pathologist's work. However, the size of those images exceeds the memory capacity of regular computers. Methods: We address the challenge to combine a global motion model that takes the physical cutting process of the tissue into account with image data that is not simultaneously globally available. Typical approaches either reduce the amount of data to be processed or partition the data into smaller chunks to be processed separately. Our novel method first registers the complete images on a low resolution with a nonlinear deformation model and later refines this result on patches by using a second nonlinear registration on each patch. Finally, the deformations computed on all patches are combined by interpolation to form one globally smooth nonlinear deformation. The NGF distance measure is used to handle multistain images. Results: The method is applied to ten whole slide image pairs of human lung cancer data. The alignment of 85 corresponding structures is measured by comparing manual segmentations from neighboring slides. Their offset improves significantly, by at least 15%, compared to the low-resolution nonlinear registration. Conclusion/Significance: The proposed method significantly improves the accuracy of multistain registration which allows us to compare different antibodies at cell level
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