La cinética de cristalización de tripalmitina en trioleina una comparación de modelos

The kinetic study of crystallization in purification process has not been well, because the models has not adjusted the experimental data. In the system, tripalmitin - triolein with higher molar fractions at upper 40º C. Only crystallized tripalmitin. It uses two models, called Avrami and D. The model D adjusted very well the experimental data, the Avrami was not. At molar fraction 1, were not differences between two models, thus at this point, the nuclei formation was simultaneous, and in molar fractions lower than 1, the nuclei formation was continuous.El estudio cinético de la cristalización en procesos de purificación ha sido poco estudiado, debido a la carencia de un modelo que ajuste adecuadamente tales condiciones. En el sistema tripalmitina-trioleina a altas fracciones molares de tripalmitina y a temperaturas superiores a 40° C, solo cristaliza la tripalmitina. Se probaron dos modelos de cinética de cristalización, Avrami y D, siendo mejor el modelo D, en ajustar los datos experimentales bajo cualquier condición experimental utilizada. A fracción molar 1 de tripalmitina, los dos modelos no fueron diferentes indicando que a tal condición, la formación de núcleos era simultánea, y en las fracciones molares inferiores, la formación de núcleos era continua

Plants with potential use on obesity and its complications

Obesity is the most prevalent nutritional disease and a growing public health problem worldwide. This disease is a causal component of the metabolic syndrome related with abnormalities, including hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, hypertension, inflammation, among others. There are anti-obesity drugs, affecting the fundamental processes of the weight regulation; however they have shown serious side effects, which outweigh their beneficial effects. Most recent studies on the treatment of obesity and its complications have focused on the potential role of different plants preparation that can exert a positive effect on the mechanisms involved in this pathology. For instance, anti-obesity effects of green tea and its isolated active principles have been reported in both in vitro (cell cultures) and in vivo (animal models) that possess healthy effects, decreasing adipose tissue through reduction of adipocytes differentiation and proliferation. A positive effect in lipid profile, and lipid and carbohydrates metabolisms were demonstrated as well. In addition, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities were studied. However, the consumption of green tea and its products is not that common in Western countries, where other plants with similar bioactivity predominate; nevertheless, the effect extension has not been analyzed in depth, despite of their potential as alternative treatment for obesity. In this review the anti-obesity potential and reported mechanisms of action of diverse plants such as: Camellia sinensis, Hibiscus sabdariffa, Hypericum perforatum, Persea americana, Phaseolus vulgaris, Capsicum annuum, Rosmarinus officinalis, Ilex paraguariensis, Citrus paradisi, Citrus limon, Punica granatum, Aloe vera, Taraxacum officinale and Arachis hypogaea is summarized. We consider the potential of these plants as natural alternative treatments of some metabolic alterations associated with obesity

Lupane-type triterpenes and their anti-cancer activities against most common malignant tumors

In recent times, a great deal of interest has been motivated on plant derived compounds known as nutraceuticals. These compounds exert important beneficial activities that improve people’s health status when are consumed regularly, and now they appear as a viable option to explore their possible therapeutic effects against diseases like cancer. Particularly, lupane-type triterpenes have shown great ability to modulate multiple cancer-related signaling pathways and processes, including NF-κB, Wnt/β-catenin, PI3K/Akt, apoptosis, and many other routes related to proliferation or cell death, which are uncontrolled in malignant tumors. These investigations have promoted in vitro and in vivo studies, searching their mechanisms of action; although more research is still needed to prove its potential in human clinical trials. This review focuses on the ability of betulin, betulinic acid and lupeol to show benefits against the most common types of malignant tumors, which are considered a major global threat for public health

La representación semántica de los eventos y las entidades en FunGramKB

El presente artículo presenta dos metodologías plausibles respecto a dos áreas específicas del componente ontológico de la suite de FunGramKB: eventos y entidades. En el caso de los eventos, se presenta brevemente las propiedades que los caracterizan como unidades conceptuales dentro de FunGramKB. Posteriormente, se describe la metodología aplicada, a partir de ejemplos que involucran unidades conceptuales derivadas del dominio cognitivo de los eventos, #COMMUNICATION. El objetivo es indicar, de manera práctica, cuáles son las decisiones y consideraciones con las que el ingeniero del conocimiento puede encontrarse al trabajar con las unidades conceptuales de los eventos en la suite de FunGramKB. En el caso de las entidades, se pretende establecer criterios de análisis para resolver los problemas derivados de su representación conceptual. Para lograr este objetivo, primero se sistematiza la definición de entidad según el modelo, luego se establecen los criterios para el trabajo con diccionario y, finalmente, el modo de proceder para la formalización en COREL

Chemical composition of biomass generated in the guava tree pruning

Psidium guajava L. (Myrtaceae) is a native plant of Central America and is now widely cultivated in many tropical regions of the world for the fruit production. In Mexico, in the guava orchards common practices to control fruit production are: water stress, defoliation and pruning. In this study, we report the chemical composition of the biomass (branches and leaves) generated in the pruning practices. The results ranged as follows: pH (4.98-5.88), soda solubility (39.01-70.49 %), ash (1.87-8.20 %); potassium and calcium were the major inorganic elements in ash. No heavy metals were detected in the studied samples; total solubility (15.21-46.60 %), Runkel lignin (17.77-35.26 %), holocellulose (26.56 -69.49 %), α-cellulose (15.53-35.36 %), hemicelluloses (11.02-34.12 %), tannins in aqueous extracts (3.81-9.06 %), and tannins in ethanolic extracts (3.42-15.24 %)

Polyphenolic Profile, Sugar Consumption and Organic Acids Generation along Fermentation of Infusions from Guava (Pisidium guajava) by the Kombucha Consortium

The kombucha beverage is typically prepared from black tea, sweetened with sucrose, inoculated with previously fermented liquid broth and/or tea fungus pellicle, and incubated. Alternative sources have been used for kombucha beverages. Guava leaves have been used for long time as traditional medicine. It is found in many commercially available botanical supplements in form of decoction, milled and used as comprises. They are rich in polyphenolic compounds. Several changes are produced during fermentation of the beverages. The main objective of the present work is to characterize fermentation process of guava leaves infusions by kombucha and studying possible chemical changes in their polyphenolic profile. Infusions from guava leaves were prepared and fermented by the kombucha consortium. The pH, titrable acidity, polyphenolic compounds, sugar consumption, organic acid along the fermentation was made by UPLC-ESI-MS. Kombucha from Camellia sinensis (CS) was made as a control. Higher rate of sucrose consumption was observed for Kombucha made with CS, also, higher production of organic acids (acetic and succinic acid) was observed too. Both behaviors were related to the content of glucose. The flavan-3-ols were diminishing along the fermentation time, with the exception of epigallocatechin in Camellia sinensis, Flavan-3-ol content in Guava leaves was low. Higher content of dicaffeoyl quinnic acid was observed for both systems in special for CS, falling after a maximum peak; minor constituents of hydroxycinnamic acids were stable along the fermentation for both systems

Caracterización de dos variedades de girasol con potencial para la producción de aceite extraídos con hexano e isopropanol

The sunflower oil require of an extraction process that reduce the amount of impurities, and the use of a solvent that has not implications over the environment. An alternative is the use of the isopropyl alcohol. In this work was studied the extraction conditions of two experimental varieties of sunflower Madero-91 and Cianoc-2, the controls were hexane and Sunflower seed variety Victoria. It was found differences on the physical characteristics and in the dispersion of the physical measures from the three varieties used. The percent yield of crude oil extracted with isopropyl alcohol was not different of the obtained with hexane. The level of free fatty acids was higher in the oils extracted with isopropyl alcohol than the oils extracted with hexane, no differences was found in the amount of malonic aldehide.El aceite de girasol requiere de un proceso de extracción que reduzca el contenido de impurezas y del uso de un solvente que no atente contra el ambiente. Una alternativa es el empleo del isopropanol. En la presente investigación se estudiaron las condiciones de extracción de aceite de dos variedades de girasol, Madero 91 y Cianoc-2, y como control al girasol variedad Victoria y el hexano. Se encontraron diferencias en cuanto a características físicas de las variedades estudiadas, así como en la dispersión de las mediciones físicas. El rendimiento en porcentaje de aceite crudo con el alcohol isopropílico no difirió del obtenido con hexano. El nivel de ácidos grasos libres fue superior en los aceites extraídos con isopropanol. No se encontraron diferencias en cuanto al contenido de aldehído malónico

Avances en las investigaciones sobre la encapsulación mediante gelación iónica: una revisión sistemática

Encapsulation, a technology that creates a barrier between a compound of interest and the environment, improves the physicochemical stability of products during processing and/or storage. Therefore, it helps to reduce the degradation of compounds of interest, masks undesirable odors and flavors, controls the release of the bioactive compound, and can increase its bioaccessibility and bioavailability. The objective of this review was to collect and discuss recent scientific literature about encapsulation by ionic gelation of bioactive compounds, microorganisms, and enzymes, as well as its use in different applications of scientific and/or industrial interest in several fields. A literature review was carried out in indexed databases using descriptors such as capsule size, encapsulation efficiency, mixture matrices, sodium alginate, and ionic gelation. The results show that using of this kind of encapsulation offers variable advantages regarding the bioavailability of bioactive compounds, the stability of different compounds, the improvement of physical characteristics, the release of compounds, and the protection against adverse environmental effects. In conclusion, the ionic gelation method can have a wide range of applications to encapsulate food ingredients, microorganisms, drugs, etc. This review can guide further research into ionic gelation because it examines the diversity of its applications.La encapsulación es una tecnología que proporciona barreras entre los compuestos de interés en un producto y el medio ambiente. Ella brinda una mejor estabilidad fisicoquímica durante el procesamiento y/o almacenamiento del producto, por lo tanto, ayuda a tener una menor degradación de los compuestos de interés, enmascara olores y sabores indeseables, controla la liberación del principio activo y puede incrementar su bioaccesibilidad y su biodisponibilidad. El objetivo de esta revisión fue recopilar y discutir la literatura reciente enfocada en investigaciones científicas sobre la encapsulación mediante gelación iónica de compuestos bioactivos, de microorganismos, de enzimas y su uso en diferentes aplicaciones de interés científico y/o industrial. La revisión bibliográfica se realizó en las principales bases de datos indexadas, utilizando descriptores como tamaño de cápsula, eficiencia de encapsulación, matrices mixtas, alginato de sodio y gelación iónica. De acuerdo con los resultados se observó que la utilización de este tipo de encapsulación presenta ventajas muy variables que se centran en la mejora de diversos factores como la biodisponibilidad de compuestos bioactivos, estabilidad de diferentes compuestos, características físicas, liberación del compuesto de interés y la protección contra efectos ambientales adversos. En conclusión, existe una amplia gama de aplicaciones que puede tener la metodología de gelación iónica para encapsular ingredientes alimenticios, microorganismos y fármacos, entre otros. Finalmente, el estudio pretende que esta revisión sea de utilidad en la dirección de investigaciones sobre gelación iónica, debido a la diversidad de aplicaciones abordadas durante la investigación

Chemical Analysis of Nutritional Content of Prickly Pads (Opuntia ficus indica) at Varied Ages in an Organic Harvest

Opuntia ficus indica, also known as prickly pads, are an important part of the human diet and are also used as forage for livestock. This is an interesting vegetable due the environmental conditions in which it grows and its resistance to climatic extremes; however, little is known about its nutritional properties, especially in the later stages of maturity. The objective of this study was to determine the composition of organic prickly pads (Opuntia ficus indica) at differing stages of growth maturity. Chemical proximate analysis and mineral constituent analysis at different maturation stages were carried out in this investigation. As a result, older prickly pads were found to be an important source of nutritional components such as calcium