Estrategias electorales frente a la seguridad. Observaciones sobre los posicionamientos de campaña. Buenos Aires (2007)

The topics of urban insecurity have advanced as a central part of the local electoral strategies in the recent years. The objective of this paper is to analyze the political strategies in dispute based on the problem of urban crime. The approach is qualitatively based on the technique of political discourse analysis. The fragments referring to the issue of urban security are analyzed within a corpus of campaign material (graphic, audiovisual and journalistic) in the election for Head of Government of the city of Buenos Aires, Argentina, in 2007. The results show how most political spaces incorporated urban security and defined their electoral positions based on this topic. The speeches of each political space focus on the modalities that differentiate the way of intervening on the criminal issue. Thus, it was verified that the speech of the PRO used descriptive components with diagnostic and proactive elements (the city is risky and with the measures that will be taken the situation could be resolved), the FPV highlighted the evasive key of the security issue to focus on the social topics, and +BA reinforced the prescriptive component (it should continue like this). The components used by each candidate form a recipient that defines a differential us in each case: the victim citizen; the rational citizen and the protected citizen.Os tópicos sobre a insegurança urbana passaram a ser uma parte central das estratégias eleitorais locais nos últimos anos. O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar as estratégias eleitorais em disputa a partir dos discursos sobre o crime urbano na cidade de Buenos Aires. A abordagem é qualitativa a partir da técnica de análise do discurso político. Foram analisados os fragmentos referentes à questão da segurança urbana dentro de um corpus de material de campanha (gráfico, audiovisual e jornalístico) da eleição para Chefe de Governo da cidade de Buenos Aires (Argentina) no ano de 2007. Os resultados mostram como os espaços políticos majoritários incorporaram a segurança urbana e definiram seus posicionamentos eleitorais a partir desse tópico. Os discursos de cada espaço político se centram em três modalidades que diferenciam o modo de intervir sobre a questão criminal. Assim, verificouse que o discurso do PRO utilizou componentes descritivos com elementos diagnósticos e propositivos (a cidade oferece riscos e com as medidas que serão tomadas poderemos resolver a situação). O FPV destacou a chave evasiva do tema da segurança para se concentrar na questão social e o +BA reforçou a ordem prescritiva (devemos continuar assim). Os componentes utilizados pelos candidatos configuram um destinatário que define um “nós” diferencial em cada caso: o cidadão vítima, o cidadão racional e o cidadão protegido.Los tópicos sobre la inseguridad urbana pasaron a ser una parte central de las estrategias electorales locales en los últimos años. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar las estrategias electorales en disputa a partir de los discursos acerca del crimen urbano en la ciudad de Buenos Aires. El abordaje es cualitativo a partir de la técnica análisis del discurso político. Se analizan los fragmentos referidos a la cuestión de la seguridad urbana al interior de un corpus de material de campaña (gráfico, audiovisual y periodístico) de la elección de jefe de gobierno de Buenos Aires, Argentina, del 2007. Los resultados muestran cómo los espacios políticos mayoritarios incorporaron la seguridad urbana y definieron sus posicionamientos electorales a partir de este tópico. Los discursos de cada espacio político se centran en tres modalidades que diferencian el modo de intervenir sobre la cuestión criminal. Así, se verificó que el discurso del pro utilizó componentes descriptivos con elementos diagnósticos y propositivos (la ciudad es riesgosa y con las medidas que se tomarán se podrá resolver la situación), el FPV subrayó la clave evasiva del tema securitario para centrarse en la cuestión social, y +BA reforzó el orden prescriptivo (debemos seguir así). Los componentes utilizados por cada candidato configuran un destinatario que define un 'nosotros' diferencial en cada caso: el ciudadano víctima; el ciudadano racional; y un ciudadano protegido

Conectores

El siguiente trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar los tipos de conectores de vídeo y audio más utilizados para la captura y transmisión de vídeo. Se analizan las características y se explican los usos que tienen en función del tipo de señal de vídeo que se utiliza. El trabajo acompaña a los textos con ilustraciones que hacen de este material un contenido muy didáctico para el alumno

Hacia un mapa de intervenciones electorales locales en materia de seguridad urbana (Ciudad de Buenos Aires, 2007)

Durante la década del noventa de manera similar a lo sucedido en la región latinoamericana, las agendas políticas, mediáticas y sociales de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires pasaron a estar teñidas de la problemática de la seguridad urbana. Estas tensiones cobraron cuerpo en 2007 durante las elecciones a jefe de Gobierno de la Ciudad, momento en que se abrió una nueva etapa en la política local y nacional gracias al primer triunfo de Propuesta Republicana (PRO). Durante esta elección, la violencia urbana y los modos de intervención frente a esta problemática fueron medulares. Con diferencias y similitudes, los espacios políticos incorporaron esta dimensión temática a sus estrategias electorales. Desde un relevamiento de dispositivos gráficos, audiovisuales y digitales de cada espacio político, se reflexiona acerca de las modalidades enunciativas y temáticas en que se despliega el debate de la seguridad urbana como centro de la política local contemporánea.During the nineties, in similarity to what happened in Latin America, the insecurity topic appeared within political, media and social agendas in the City of Buenos Aires. The elections for head of government of the City in 2007 were relevant to think about this problem, moreover a new political era opened in local and national politics through the first triumph of Republican Proposal (PRO). During this election, urban violence and ways of intervention against this problem were in the core. With differences and similarities, political spaces incorporated this thematic dimension to their electoral strategies. Considering graphics, print and digital and audiovisuals from each political space, the article analyzes the declarative and thematic ways in which the discussion of urban security as a center of contemporary local politics unfolds.Durante os anos noventa de modo similar do que aconteceu na América Latina, as agendas políticas, mediáticas e sociais da cidade de Buenos Aires passaram a ser afetadas com os problemas de segurança urbana. Essas tensões cobraram corpo em 2007, durante as eleições para chefe de governo da cidade, quando uma nova era abriu-se na política local e nacional através da primeira vitória da Proposta Republicana (PRO). Durante esta eleição, a violência urbana e as formas de intervenção contra este problema foram centrais. Com diferenças e semelhanças, os espaços políticos incorporaram esta dimensão temática e suas estratégias eleitorais. A partir de um levantamento de dispositivos gráficos, audiovisuais e digitais de cada espaço político, refletimos sobre as formas declarativas e temáticas em que se desenrola a discussão da segurança urbana como centro da política local contemporânea

An Analysis of Irrigation Organizations in Colombia through the Prism of Collective Action

The objective of this article is to deepen the knowledge of collective action in irrigation organizations in Colombia, by identifying the limitations of the members for their organizational work and the variables of context that determine collective behavior. Human and environmental factors have not been sufficiently considered in public irrigation policies, since, in the case of Colombia, these have focused almost exclusively on the physical infrastructure. The methodology develops a qualitative approach based on an ethnographic and quantitative study of the socioeconomic characteristics of irrigation users. The results allow us to affirm that the collective awareness of water is a common good. The vision of the associates about the associative work, the conformation and structuring of the organizations, the nature of the established agreements, and the socio-economic, environmental, and political environment of the organizations studied, are determining factors of their collective action and, therefore, should be taken into account in public policies of associative irrigation

Rumo a um mapa das intervenções eleitorais locais em matéria de segurança urbana (Cidade de Buenos Aires, 2007)

Durante la década del noventa de manera similar a lo sucedido en la región latinoamericana, lasagendas políticas, mediáticas y sociales de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires pasaron a estar teñidas de laproblemática de la seguridad urbana. Estas tensiones cobraron cuerpo en 2007 durante laselecciones a jefe de Gobierno de la Ciudad, momento en que se abrió una nueva etapa en lapolítica local y nacional gracias al primer triunfo de Propuesta Republicana (PRO). Durante estaelección, la violencia urbana y los modos de intervención frente a esta problemática fueronmedulares. Con diferencias y similitudes, los espacios políticos incorporaron esta dimensióntemática a sus estrategias electorales. Desde un relevamiento de dispositivos gráficos,audiovisuales y digitales de cada espacio político, se reflexiona acerca de las modalidadesenunciativas y temáticas en que se despliega el debate de la seguridad urbana como centro de lapolítica local contemporánea.Fil: Calzado, Mercedes Celina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales. Instituto de Investigaciones "Gino Germani"; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Gallardo, Juan Pedro. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales. Instituto de Investigaciones "Gino Germani"; Argentin

Identificación de oportunidades de mercado para la comercialización de productos y servicios científico-técnicos universitarios (Revisión)

The Centers of Higher Education in the world, constitute a bulwark where science and technology are forged. In this way continuity is given to the culture of humanity and in turn it is promoted and developed. Currently, universities, besides being educational-training centers, have become producers of goods and services resulting from, or linked to, their scientific-technical activity. That is why this work is aimed at investigating, how to take advantage of the demands and needs of the agricultural sector for the commercialization of scientific and technical products and services from the University of Granma ?, which allows designing a procedure for the search of opportunities for market that contributes to improve the commercialization of scientific and technical products and services in the agricultural sector in Granma.Los Centros de Educación Superior en el mundo, constituyen un baluarte donde se fragua la ciencia y la técnica. De esta manera se le da continuidad a la cultura de la humanidad y a su vez se le promueve y desarrolla. En la actualidad las universidades además de ser centros educativos-formativos se han convertido en productores de bienes y servicios resultantes, o vinculados a su actividad científico - técnica. Es por ello que este trabajo está dirigido a  investigar, ¿cómo  aprovechar  las  demandas y necesidades del sector agropecuario para la comercialización de productos y servicios científico-técnicos desde la Universidad de Granma?, lo que permite diseñar un procedimiento para la búsqueda de oportunidades de mercado que contribuya a mejorar la comercialización de productos y servicios científico-técnicos en el sector agropecuario en Granma

Very early Guillain-Barré syndrome: A clinical-electrophysiological and ultrasonographic study

Objectives: Using recent optimized electrodiagnostic criteria sets, we primarily aimed at verifying the accuracy of the initial electrophysiological test in very early Guillain-Barré syndrome (VEGBS), ?4 days of onset, compared with the results of serial electrophysiology. Our secondary objective was to correlate early electrophysiological results with sonographic nerve changes. Methods: This is a retrospective study based on consecutive VEGBS patients admitted to the hospital. Each patient had serial nerve conduction studies (NCS) in at least 4 nerves. Initial NCS were done within 4 days after onset, and serial ones from the second week onwards. Electrophysiological recordings of each case were re-evaluated, GBS subtype being established accordingly. Nerve ultrasonography was almost always performed within 2 weeks after onset. Results: Fifteen adult VEGBS patients were identified with a mean age of 57.8 years. At first NCS, VEGBS sub-typing was only possible in 3 (20%) cases that showed an axonal pattern, the remaining patterns being mixed (combining axonal and demyelinating features) in 6 (40%), equivocal in 5 (33.3%), and normal in 1 (6.7%). Upon serial NCS, 7 (46.7%) cases were categorized as acute demyelinating polyneuropathy, 7 (46.7%) as axonal GBS, and 1 (6.6%) as unclassified syndrome. Antiganglioside reactivity was detected in 5 out of the 7 axonal cases. Nerve US showed that lesions mainly involved the ventral rami of scanned cervical nerves. Conclusions: Serial electrophysiological evaluation is necessary for accurate VEGBS subtype classification. Ultrasonography helps delineate the topography of nerve changes. Significance: We provide new VEGBS pathophysiological insights into nerve conduction alterations within the first 4 days of the clinical course.Acknowledgement: This paper was supported by IDIVAL (ID APG/11) and CIBERNED. The authors are most grateful to Mrs Marta de la Fuente for secretarial assistance

Pharmacological Preservation of Peritoneal Membrane in Peritoneal Dialysis

Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is an established renal replacement therapy for renal disease. It is based on the capacity of the peritoneum to act as a semipermeable membrane for the exchange of toxic solutes and water, which is called ultrafiltration capacity. Peritoneal membrane (PM) is lined by a monolayer of mesothelial cells (MCs), which lay on an extracellular matrix bed where other cell types and blood and lymphatic vessels can be found. Long-term exposure to hyperosmotic PD fluids (PDFs), peritonitis or hemoperitoneum causes peritoneal injury by the generation of an inflammatory state. Inflammatory cells and their mediators initiate a cascade of reactions promoting alterations in peritoneal cells, loss of MCs, fibrosis, vasculopathy, and angiogenesis, leading to ultrafiltration failure. Recent studies support that the so-called “mesothelial to mesenchymal transition” process of the MCs runs parallel to the anatomical and functional ridging of PM, which suggests that its inhibition might slow down or stop the PM damage. The fight against PM damage begins with the improvement in PDF biocompatibility. Complementary to this, an alternative approach to preserve the PM might be the use of pharmacological agents or molecular strategies. Here, we explain the existing research models for the development of new therapies and analyze several therapeutic options tested with them

The nuclear receptor LXRα controls the functional specialization of splenic macrophages.

Macrophages are professional phagocytic cells that orchestrate innate immune responses and have considerable phenotypic diversity at different anatomical locations. However, the mechanisms that control the heterogeneity of tissue macrophages are not well characterized. Here we found that the nuclear receptor LXRα was essential for the differentiation of macrophages in the marginal zone (MZ) of the spleen. LXR-deficient mice were defective in the generation of MZ and metallophilic macrophages, which resulted in abnormal responses to blood-borne antigens. Myeloid-specific expression of LXRα or adoptive transfer of wild-type monocytes restored the MZ microenvironment in LXRα-deficient mice. Our results demonstrate that signaling via LXRα in myeloid cells is crucial for the generation of splenic MZ macrophages and identify an unprecedented role for a nuclear receptor in the generation of specialized macrophage subsets

EZH2 endorses cell plasticity to non-small cell lung cancer cells facilitating mesenchymal to epithelial transition and tumour colonization

CGL was funded by the Consejería de Salud y Familias, Junta de Andalucía (RH-0139-2020) and SG-P is funded by Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CP19/00029, PI15/00336, PI19/01533). JAM is supported by RTI2018.101309B-C22 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/FEDER “Una manera de hacer Europa” and by the Chair “Doctors Galera-Requena in cancer stem cell research”. PCS is funded by Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (grant PID2020-119032RB-I00) and FEDER/Junta de Andalucía-Consejería de Transformación Económica, Industria, Conocimiento y Universidades (grants P20_00335 and B‐CTS‐40‐UGR20). The Landeira lab is supported by the Spanish ministry of science and innovation (PID2019-108108-100, EUR2021-122005), the Andalusian regional government (PC-0246-2017, PIER-0211-2019, PY20_00681) and the University of Granada (A-BIO-6-UGR20) grants.Reversible transition between the epithelial and mesenchymal states are key aspects of carcinoma cell dissemination and the metastatic disease, and thus, characterizing the molecular basis of the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is crucial to find druggable targets and more effective therapeutic approaches in cancer. Emerging studies suggest that epigenetic regulators might endorse cancer cells with the cell plasticity required to conduct dynamic changes in cell state during EMT. However, epigenetic mechanisms involved remain mostly unknown. Polycomb Repressive Complexes (PRCs) proteins are well-established epigenetic regulators of development and stem cell differentiation, but their role in different cancer systems is inconsistent and sometimes paradoxical. In this study, we have analysed the role of the PRC2 protein EZH2 in lung carcinoma cells. We found that besides its described role in CDKN2A-dependent cell proliferation, EZH2 upholds the epithelial state of cancer cells by repressing the transcription of hundreds of mesenchymal genes. Chemical inhibition or genetic removal of EZH2 promotes the residence of cancer cells in the mesenchymal state during reversible epithelial–mesenchymal transition. In fitting, analysis of human patient samples and tumour xenograft models indicate that EZH2 is required to efficiently repress mesenchymal genes and facilitate tumour colonization in vivo. Overall, this study discloses a novel role of PRC2 as a master regulator of EMT in carcinoma cells. This finding has important implications for the design of therapies based on EZH2 inhibitors in human cancer patients.Junta de Andalucía (RH-0139-2020)Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CP19/00029, PI15/00336, PI19/01533)MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/FEDER “Una manera de hacer Europa” RTI2018.101309B-C22Chair “Doctors Galera-Requena in cancer stem cell research”Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (grant PID2020-119032RB-I00)FEDER/Junta de Andalucía-Consejería de Transformación Económica, Industria, Conocimiento y Universidades (grants P20_00335 and B‐CTS‐40‐UGR20)Spanish ministry of science and innovation (PID2019-108108-100, EUR2021-122005)Andalusian regional government (PC-0246-2017, PIER-0211-2019, PY20_00681)University of Granada (A-BIO-6-UGR20