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Opening a Trapdoor in Your Soul: Tim O’Brien’s Pursuit of a True War Story
This thesis project explores Tim O’Brien’s use of fiction to go beyond simply recounting an experience in the Vietnam War to write a true war story through examination of his writing, interviews, and their impact on me as a reader. I dissect three of O’Brien’s fictional narratives for their similarities to and differences from his nonfictional account and investigate the evolution of those differences and what they mean as part of O’Brien’s search for how to best convey the truth and find meaning in his life. The epitome of everything O’Brien wants to offer is realized in his final short story, “On the Rainy River”, where he most powerfully and succinctly captures a true war story.Key Words: Tim O’Brien, Vietnam War, fiction, nonfiction, literature, writing storytelling, war story, trut
Correlation of substance use disorder and self-harm urges and actions in Borderline Personality Disorder
Millimeter-Wave Line Ratios and Sub-beam Volume Density Distributions
We explore the use of mm-wave emission line ratios to trace molecular gas
density when observations integrate over a wide range of volume densities
within a single telescope beam. For observations targeting external galaxies,
this case is unavoidable. Using a framework similar to that of Krumholz and
Thompson (2007), we model emission for a set of common extragalactic lines from
lognormal and power law density distributions. We consider the median density
of gas producing emission and the ability to predict density variations from
observed line ratios. We emphasize line ratio variations, because these do not
require knowing the absolute abundance of our tracers. Patterns of line ratio
variations have the prospect to illuminate the high-end shape of the density
distribution, and to capture changes in the dense gas fraction and median
volume density. Our results with and without a high density power law tail
differ appreciably; we highlight better knowledge of the PDF shape as an
important area. We also show the implications of sub-beam density distributions
for isotopologue studies targeting dense gas tracers. Differential excitation
often implies a significant correction to the naive case. We provide tabulated
versions of many of our results, which can be used to interpret changes in
mm-wave line ratios in terms of changes in the underlying density
distributions.Comment: 24 pages, 16 figure, Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical
Journal, two online tables temporarily available at
http://www.astronomy.ohio-state.edu/~leroy.42/densegas_table2.txt and
http://www.astronomy.ohio-state.edu/~leroy.42/densegas_table3.tx
Understanding aseptic technique: A summary of RCN evidence generation in 2022 using qualitative interviews with nurses
Detection of the diffuse HI emission in the Circumgalactic Medium of NGC 891 and NGC 4565
We present detections of 21-cm emission from neutral hydrogen (HI) in the
circumgalactic medium (CGM) of the local edge-on galaxies NGC 891 and NGC 4565
using the Robert C. Byrd Green Bank Telescope (GBT). With our 5
sensitivity of cm calculated over a 20 km s
channel, we achieve detections out to kpc along the minor
axes. The velocity width of the CGM emission is as large as that of the disk
km s, indicating the existence of a diffuse component
permeating the halo. We compare our GBT measurements with interferometric data
from the Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope (WSRT). The WSRT maps the HI
emission from the disk at high S/N but has limited surface brightness
sensitivity at the angular scales probed with the GBT. After convolving the
WSRT data to the spatial resolution of the GBT (FWHM = 9.1), we find that
the emission detected by the WSRT accounts for %
(%) of the total flux recovered by the GBT from the CGM of NGC
891(NGC 4565). The existence of significant GBT-only flux suggests the presence
of a large amount of diffuse, low column density HI emission in the CGM. For
reasonable assumptions, the extended diffuse HI could account for %
and % of the total HI emission of NGC 891 and NGC 4565.Comment: 14 pages, 5 figures, published in Ap
Dense Molecular Gas in the Nearby Low Metallicity Dwarf Starburst Galaxy IC 10
Dense molecular gas and star formation are correlated in galaxies. The effect
of low metallicity on this relationship is crucial for interpreting
observations of high redshift galaxies, which have lower metallicities than
galaxies today. However, it remains relatively unexplored because dense
molecular gas tracers like HCN and HCO+ are faint in low metallicity systems.
We present Green Bank Telescope observations of HCN(1-0) and HCO+(1-0) on giant
molecular cloud (34pc) scales in the nearby low metallicity () starburst IC 10 and compare them to those in other galaxies. We
detect HCN and HCO+ in one and three of five pointings, respectively. The
values are within the range seen in other galaxies,
but are most similar to those seen in other low metallicity sources and in
starbursts. The detections follow the fiducial - and
- relationships. These trends suggest that HCN and
HCO+ can be used to trace dense molecular gas at metallicities of 1/4
, to first order. The dense gas fraction is similar to that in spiral
galaxies, but lower than that in U/LIRGs. The dense molecular gas star
formation efficiency, however, is on the upper end of those in normal galaxies
and consistent with those in U/LIRGs. These results suggest that the CO and
HCN/HCO+ emission occupy the same relative volumes as at higher metallicity,
but that the entire emitting structure is reduced in size. Dense gas mass
estimates for high redshift galaxies may need to be corrected for this effect.Comment: Accepted to Ap
Full-disc 13CO(1-0) mapping across nearby galaxies of the EMPIRE survey and the CO-to-H2 conversion factor
Carbon monoxide (CO) provides crucial information about the molecular gas properties of galaxies. While 12CO has been targeted extensively, isotopologues such as 13CO have the advantage of being less optically thick and observations have recently become accessible across full galaxy discs. We present a comprehensive new data set of 13CO(1-0) observations with the IRAM30-m telescope of the full discs of nine nearby spiral galaxies from the EMPIRE survey at a spatial resolution of ~1.5 kpc. 13CO(1-0) is mapped out to 0.7 - 1 r25 and detected at high signal-to-noise ratio throughout our maps. We analyse the 12CO(1-0)-to-13CO(1-0) ratio (R) as a function of galactocentric radius and other parameters such as the 12CO(2-1)-to- 12CO(1-0) intensity ratio, the 70-to-160 μm flux density ratio, the star formation rate surface density, the star formation efficiency, and the CO-to-H2 conversion factor.We find that R varies by a factor of 2 at most within and amongst galaxies, with a median value of 11 and larger variations in the galaxy centres than in the discs.We argue that optical depth effects, most likely due to changes in the mixture of diffuse/dense gas, are favoured explanations for the observed R variations, while abundance changes may also be at play. We calculate a spatially resolved 13CO(1-0)-to-H2 conversion factor and find an average value of 1.0×1021 cm-2 (K km s-1)-1 over our sample with a standard deviation of a factor of 2. We find that 13CO(1-0) does not appear to be a good predictor of the bulk molecular gas mass in normal galaxy discs due to the presence of a large diffuse phase, but it may be a better tracer of the mass than 12CO(1-0) in the galaxy centres where the fraction of dense gas is larger.DC is supported by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research
and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie
grant agreement no. 702622. DC also acknowledges support from
the DAAD/PROCOPE projects 57210883/35265PE. MJJD and FB
acknowledge support from the German Research Foundation (DFG)
grant BI 1546/1-1. FB acknowledges funding from the European
Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant
agreement no. 726384 – EMPIRE). The work of MG and AKL
is partially supported by the National Science Foundation under
grants nos 1615105, 1615109, and 1653300. ER is supported by a
Discovery Grant from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) of Canada. ES acknowledges
funding from the European Research Council under the European
Unions Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant
agreement no. 694343)
The application of antimicrobial stewardship knowledge to nursing practice : A national survey of United Kingdom pre-registration nursing students
© 2024 The Authors. Journal of Advanced Nursing published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY), https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/AIM: To assess student nurses understanding and skills in the application of antimicrobial stewardship knowledge to practice. DESIGN: Quantitative. METHODS: Cross-sectional survey. RESULTS: Five hundred and twenty three student nurses responded across 23 UK universities. Although students felt prepared in competencies in infection prevention and control, patient-centred care and interprofessional collaborative practice, they felt less prepared in competencies in which microbiological knowledge, prescribing and its effect on antimicrobial stewardship is required. Problem-based learning, activities in the clinical setting and face-to-face teaching were identified as the preferred modes of education delivery. Those who had shared antimicrobial stewardship teaching with students from other professions reported the benefits to include a broader understanding of antimicrobial stewardship, an understanding of the roles of others in antimicrobial stewardship and improved interprofessional working. CONCLUSION: There are gaps in student nurses' knowledge of the basic sciences associated with the antimicrobial stewardship activities in which nurses are involved, and a need to strengthen knowledge in pre-registration nurse education programmes pertaining to antimicrobial management, specifically microbiology and antimicrobial regimes and effects on antimicrobial stewardship. Infection prevention and control, patient-centred care and interprofessional collaborative practice are areas of antimicrobial stewardship in which student nurses feel prepared. Interprofessional education would help nurses and other members of the antimicrobial stewardship team clarify the role nurses can play in antimicrobial stewardship and therefore maximize their contribution to antimicrobial stewardship and antimicrobial management. IMPLICATIONS FOR THE PROFESSION: There is a need to strengthen knowledge from the basic sciences, specifically pertaining to antimicrobial management, in pre-registration nurse education programmes. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: No patient or public contribution. IMPACT: What Problem Did the Study Address? Nurses must protect health through understanding and applying antimicrobial stewardship knowledge and skills (Nursing and Midwifery Council 2018); however, there is no research available that has investigated nurses understanding and skills of the basic sciences associated with the antimicrobial stewardship activities in which they are involved. What Were the Main Findings? There are gaps in student nurses' knowledge of the basic sciences (specifically microbiology and prescribing) associated with the antimicrobial stewardship activities in which nurses are involved. Problem-based learning, and activities in the clinical setting, were reported as useful teaching methods, whereas online learning, was seen as less useful. Where and on Whom Will the Research Have an Impact? Pre-registration nurse education programmes. REPORTING METHOD: The relevant reporting method has been adhered to, that is, STROBE.Peer reviewe
Dense Gas, Dynamical Equilibrium Pressure, and Star Formation in Nearby Star-Forming Galaxies
We use new ALMA observations to investigate the connection between dense gas
fraction, star formation rate, and local environment across the inner region of
four local galaxies showing a wide range of molecular gas depletion times. We
map HCN (1-0), HCO (1-0), CS (2-1), CO (1-0), and CO (1-0)
across the inner few kpc of each target. We combine these data with short
spacing information from the IRAM large program EMPIRE, archival CO maps,
tracers of stellar structure and recent star formation, and recent HCN surveys
by Bigiel et al. and Usero et al. We test the degree to which changes in the
dense gas fraction drive changes in the SFR. (tracing the
dense gas fraction) correlates strongly with (tracing molecular gas
surface density), stellar surface density, and dynamical equilibrium pressure,
. Therefore, becomes very low and HCN becomes very
faint at large galactocentric radii, where ratios as low as become common. The apparent ability of dense gas to form stars,
(where is traced by the HCN
intensity and the star formation rate is traced by a combination of H
and 24m emission), also depends on environment.
decreases in regions of high gas surface density,
high stellar surface density, and high . Statistically, these
correlations between environment and both and
are stronger than that between apparent dense gas fraction
() and the apparent molecular gas star formation efficiency
. We show that these results are not specific to
HCN.Comment: 31 pages, 13 figures, accepted for publication in The Astrophysical
Journal, email for access to data table before publicatio
A z=0 Multi-wavelength Galaxy Synthesis I: A WISE and GALEX Atlas of Local Galaxies
We present an atlas of ultraviolet and infrared images of ~15,750 local (d <
50 Mpc) galaxies, as observed by NASA's WISE and GALEX missions. These maps
have matched resolution (FWHM 7.5'' and 15''), matched astrometry, and a common
procedure for background removal. We demonstrate that they agree well with
resolved intensity measurements and integrated photometry from previous
surveys. This atlas represents the first part of a program (the z=0
Multi-wavelength Galaxy Synthesis) to create a large, uniform database of
resolved measurements of gas and dust in nearby galaxies. The images and
associated catalogs are publicly available at the NASA/IPAC Infrared Science
Archive. This atlas allows us estimate local and integrated star formation
rates (SFRs) and stellar masses (M) across the local galaxy population
in a uniform way. In the appendix, we use the population synthesis fits of
Salim et al. (2016, 2018) to calibrate integrated M and SFR estimators
based on GALEX and WISE. Because they leverage an SDSS-base training set of
>100,000 galaxies, these calibrations have high precision and allow us to
rigorously compare local galaxies to Sloan Digital Sky Survey results. We
provide these SFR and M estimates for all galaxies in our sample and
show that our results yield a "main sequence" of star forming galaxies
comparable to previous work. We also show the distribution of intensities from
resolved galaxies in NUV-to-WISE1 vs. WISE1-to-WISE3 space, which captures much
of the key physics accessed by these bands.Comment: 46 pages, 27 figures, published in ApJS
(https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2019ApJS..244...24L/abstract ). See that
version for full resolution figures and machine readable tables. Go download
data for your favorite nearby galaxy here:
https://irsa.ipac.caltech.edu/data/WISE/z0MGS/overview.html . The appendix
presents detailed analysis of translations to physical quantitie