Validación de la Escala de “Satisfacción de las Necesidades Psicológicas Básicas” y del Cuestionario de la “Regulación Conductual en el Deporte” al contexto español. (Validation of Psychological Need Satisfaction in Exercise Scale and the Behavioural Regulation in Sport Questionnaire to the Spanish context).

Resumen<p align="justify">El objetivo de este estudio fue adaptar y validar al contexto deportivo español la Escala de Satisfacción de Necesidades Psicológicas Básicas (PNSE) y el Cuestionario de la Regulación Conductual (BRSQ). Para ello se utilizó una muestra de 298 deportistas españoles, con una media de edad de 14 años. Se llevaron a cabo diferentes análisis factoriales confirmatorios, análisis de consistencia interna y de correlación. Tras los respectivos análisis factoriales confirmatorios, tanto la PNSE (2 = 222.62, p = .00, 2/g.l. = 129, CFI = .91, IFI = .92, TLI = .91, RMSEA = .04, SRMR = .08) como la BRSQ (2 = 824.56, p = .00, 2/g.l. = 558, CFI = .92, IFI = .91, TLI = .92, RMSEA = .04, SRMR = .06) presentaron valores adecuados. De igual forma, la consistencia interna obtenida de las respectivas dimensiones estuvo por encima de .70. Se observó una correlación positiva y significativa entre las tres necesidades psicológicas básicas, así como de éstas con la motivación intrínseca (hacia el conocimiento, consecución y estimulación), la regulación integrada y la regulación identificada. Por su parte, la necesidad de competencia correlacionó de forma negativa y significativa con la desmotivación, mientras que la necesidad de relación con los demás lo hizo con la desmotivación, la regulación introyectada y la regulación externa. Este estudio ha permitido proporcionar dos escalas válidas y fiables para evaluar la satisfacción de las necesidades psicológicas básicas y la motivación de los practicantes de actividad física y deportiva.</p>Abstract<p align="justify">The objective of this paper was to adapt and to validate to the Spanish sport context the Psychological Need Satisfaction in Exercise Scale (PNSE) and the Behavioural Regulation in Sport Questionnaire (BRSQ). The sample was 298 Spanish sportspersons, with a mean of 14 years old. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), internal consistency and correlation analysis were made. The respective CFAs showed that PNSE (2 = 222.62, p = .00, 2/g.l. = 129, CFI = .91, IFI = .92, TLI = .91, RMSEA = .04, SRMR = .08) and BRSQ (2 = 824.56, p = .00, 2/g.l. = 558, CFI = .92, IFI = .91, TLI = .92, RMSEA = .04, SRMR = .06) had good values. In the same way, the internal consistency of the respective dimensions was greater than .70. It was observed a positive and significant correlation between the three basic psychological needs, and between these ones and intrinsic motivation (to knowledge, achievement and stimulation), the integrated regulation and identified motivation. On the other hand, the necessity of competency correlated negatively and significantly with demotivation, while the necessity of relationship with others correlated with demotivation, introjected regulation and external regulation. This work has showed two valid and reliable scales for evaluating the satisfaction with the basic psychological needs and the motivation of practitioners of physical and sport activity.</p

Influence of in vitro growth conditions in the production of defence compounds in Mentha pulegium L.

The content in secondary metabolites greatly affects the quality of plants used for food consumption. Specifically, the production of defence secondary metabolites is triggered by a number of biotic and abiotic stress factors. Commonly studied biotic factors include insects and other herbivores that cause wounding and tissue damage due to microorganisms. Among abiotic factors, mechanical stress induced in the roots has yet to be studied in depth. Such studies are of interest because of the influence of this factor on plants grown under in vitro conditions. Herein, we present our results on essential oil production and other defence-related morphological traits in terms of the effect of mechanical stress induced in the roots of Mentha pulegium plants grown under different conditions: greenhouse using soil as support and non-soil in vitro conditions using gelose and glass beads. A positive correlation has been found between secondary metabolites production, i.e. essential oil and growth conditions. The presence and development of morphological characteristics linked to their storage and lixiviation into the environment – trichomes and glandular hairs in the leaves; lateral roots and fibrous roots – has also been positively related to an increase in penetration resistance on the roots by the substrate – mechanical impedance. Pulegone is the major defence compound in pennyroyal essential oil. Pulegone production and other essential oil constituents present in trichomes have been quantified under different growth conditions and the results have been correlated with morphological characteristics and growth conditions

Biomarkers responses in muscle of Senegal sole (Solea senegalensis) from a heavy metals and PAHs polluted estuary.

The biochemical responses in muscle, such as the enzymatic activities of acetylcholinesterase, lactate dehydrogenase and isocitrate dehydrogenase, were studied in sole (Solea senegalensis) collected in Huelva estuary (SW Spain), in the vicinity of a petrochemical and mining industry. The sampling sites showed different type and degree of pollution. The results demonstrated significant differences in muscle activities of AChE and IDH in Odiel and Tinto Rivers compared to control fish. LDH activity did not show any difference between sampling sites. Significant correlations were established between some biomarkers and heavy metals: AChE was correlated with Pb, Cd and Cu concentrations in water; IDH activity was correlated with Cd and Cu concentrations in water and As, Pb and Cd concentrations in sediments; LDH activity was correlated with As and Zn concentration in water and Cd concentration in sediment. Only one correlation was established between the biomarkers analysed and the concentrations of PAHs: benzo(b)fluoranthene concentration in sediment and IDH

EROD activity and cytochrome P4501A induction in liver and gills of Senegal sole Solea senegalensis from a polluted Huelva Estuary (SW Spain).

EROD activity and induction cytochrome P4501A in liver and gills of Senegal sole, Solea senegalensis, from a heavy metal and PAH polluted estuary, was studied. Liver and gill CYP1A catalytic activity was assessed at the enzyme activity level-measured as 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase and cellular localization of CYP1A in the liver was studied using immunohistochemistry. Liver EROD was correlated with phenanthrene-type metabolites in liver and copper concentrations in water. Strong CYP1A occurrence was observed in acinar pancreatic cells, pancreatic duct epithelium and vascular system endothelium and negative/rare induction were observed in hepatocytes and sinusoidal endothelium. In gills, EROD activity showed a significant correlation with different fractions of heavy metals in sediment but no correlation was observed between EROD activity and PAHs. Strongly positive CYP1A associated staining of the vascular system endothelia and primary filament cells and a moderate staining of pillar cells in gills were observed. The results substantiated the utility of EROD activity and CYP1A induction measurement as biomarkers for use by aquatic toxicologists and indicate that catalytic assays and immunohistochemical assays appear to be sensitive to different kinds of pollutants being the use of both methods recommended for monitoring programs

Relationship Between Salivary Melatonin and Severity of Periodontal Disease

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/141566/1/jper1533.pd

Fault overprinting and paleostresses in the Almanzora Corridor from the Tortonian to the Present (Betic Cordilleras)

The Almanzora Corridor in the Betic Cordilleras is affected by brittle deformations since the Tortonian. The analysis of fault overprinting shows a first group formed by a set of E-W dextral strike-slip faults, N-S leftlateral strike-slip faults and NW-SE normal faults compatible with a NW-SE shortening and an associated NE-SW extension. A second group corresponds to younger NW-SE normal faults, formed during NE-SW oblique extension to the Corridor, with an oblate stress ellipsoid that also reactivates, in some cases, previous faults. A more recent stress ellipsoid indicates extension, that is locally pluridirectional and reactivate previous fault surfaces, although horizontal striations have been overprinted in the Somontín fault, associated to a NW-SE recent shortening that is only locally registere

U-Pb e Sm-Nd em Ortognaisses Riacianos e Estaterianos nos Terrenos Rio Piranhas-Seridó e Jaguaribeano, Província Borborema, Brasil

The Portalegre shear zone separates the Rio Piranhas-Seridó and the Jaguaribeano geological terranes in the Northern Domain of the Borborema Province. Banded gneisses of the Caicó and the Jaguaretama Complexes represent the basements of these terranes. U-Pb analyses yielded ages of 2,193 ± 16 Ma for the Jaguaretama Complex, which is similar to those obtained for the Caicó Complex. T DM Sm-Nd ages for these basement complexes showed Neoarchean values (ca. 2.5 Ga), with εNd(t) values close to the CHUR composition. Elongated bodies were found intruding into the rocks of the Jaguaretama Complex. These foliated bodies with elongated phenocrysts are described as augen gneisses of the Serra do Deserto Suite. These gneisses yielded crystallization ages of 1,777 ± 8 Ma, confirming an extensional period during the Statherian, which is well represented in the Jaguaribeano Terrane by A-type plutonic rocks. Augen gneisses with similar textures, the so called Poço da Cruz Suite, are found intruding the Caicó Complex in the Rio Piranhas-Seridó terrane; however, the ages found throughout the domain are predominantly Rhyacian (ca. 2.2 Ga) and present calc-alkaline affinities. These findings indicate that the augen gneisses, which are widely distributed in these two terranes, have different signatures and are temporally well separated. Furthermore, in agreement with previous geophysical data suggesting a division of terranes marked by the Portalegre Shear Zone, it also demonstrates that even though the Caicó and the Jaguaretama Complexes have similar ages, similar structural evolution and metamorphism under similar pressure and temperature conditions, they exhibit marked differences in composition.A zona de cisalhamento Portalegre separa os terrenos geológicos Rio Piranhas-Seridó e Jaguaribeano do Domínio Setentrional da Província Borborema, com gnaisses bandados dos Complexos Caicó e Jaguaretama representando os respectivos embasamentos destes terrenos. Análises U-Pb forneceram idades de 2.193 ± 16 Ma para os ortognaisses do Complexo Jaguaretama, resultados muito similares às determinadas para o Complexo Caicó. Idades T DM Sm-Nd nesses Complexos forneceram valores neoarqueanos (ca. 2,5 Ga), com εNd(t) muito próximos ao CHUR. Intrudindo as rochas do Complexo Jaguaretama, destacam-se corpos alongados, foliados e com pórfiros estirados, denominados de Suíte Serra do Deserto. Estes forneceram idades de cristalização a 1.777 ± 8 Ma, ratificando um período extensional que ocorreu no Estateriano, bem representado no terreno Jaguaribeano por sequências vulcanossedimentares e plutônicas Tipo-A. Augen gnaisses com texturas similares, denominados de Suíte Poço da Cruz, são encontrados intrudindo o Complexo Caicó no terreno Rio Piranhas-Seridó, porém, as idades registradas por todo este domínio são predominantemente Riacianas (ca. 2,2 Ga) e de afinidades cálcio-alcalinas, indicando que estes augen gnaisses possuem diferentes assinaturas e estão bem separados no tempo. Além disso, além dos dados geofísicos prévios que sugerem esta divisão de Terrenos marcada pela Zona de Cisalhamento Portalegre, os Complexos Caicó e Jaguaretama exibem diferenças composicionais marcantes. Corpos de anfibolitos alongados e concordantes a subconcordantes com o bandamento do Complexo Caicó e importante contribuição sedimentar na constituição do Complexo Jaguaretama com importantes intercalações de mármores são algumas destas diferenças

Propuesta de adquisición de dotación complementaria del sistema de armas Spike para el empleo efectivo en unidades de montaña

El sistema contracarro Spike es un arma de cuarta generación que ofrece numerosas posibilidades de empleo al mando. Pero a pesar de las enormes capacidades que presenta, actualmente las unidades de montaña no se encuentran capacitadas para el óptimo aprovechamiento de estas. Esto se debe a la peculiaridad del combate en montaña, pues la compartimentación del terreno, las diferencias de nivel, la presencia de nieve y la cantidad de equipo personal necesario hacen que el sistema Spike vea mermadas sus capacidades. Partiendo de aquí, en este trabajo se pretende abordar como solventar las vicisitudes que estas unidades sufren actualmente para emplear el misil en terreno nevado, debido a la ausencia de un vehículo apto para la nieve que integre el Spike. Además, según están configurados los equipos Spike en plantilla, resulta imposible que las unidades contracarro puedan cumplir sus cometidos de forma autónoma, pues las mochilas porta-Spike no están diseñadas para transportar todo el equipo de combate necesario que estas unidades necesitan.Por tanto, el presente trabajo analiza la posibilidad de implementar el sistema de armas Spike en el Transporte Oruga de montaña mediante un afuste porta-spike, llevando a cabo un proyecto de remodelación del vehículo para la correcta integración del sistema. Por otro lado, también se analiza la posibilidad de implementar tres packs (soldados) a las plantillas actuales de equipos Spike. Permitiendo esto una redistribución de todo el material de combate que un equipo Spike necesita para cumplir su misión de forma autónoma.Además, tras un profundo estudio de las propuestas que este trabajo expone, se examinan las posibles limitaciones que puedan conllevar. Dejando entrever las posibles soluciones como líneas futuras de trabajo.Como conclusiones obtenidas de este trabajo, se presentan la viabilidad para llevar a cabo el proyecto de integración del sistema de armas en el vehículo BV 206 S y su compatibilidad con las modificaciones en plantilla de los equipos Spike.<br /