40 research outputs found
Gestión del patrimonio arqueológico subacuático y costero en los mares de Israel (II): los yacimientos litorales en riesgo
The two articles titled Management of the underwater and coastal
archaeological heritage in Israel's seas – parts A and B aim at presenting
the diversity, nature and significance of an important cultural resource
at risk, namely the underwater and coastal archaeological sites of Israel.
Part I introduces the typology of the sites on the Mediterranean coast
and the inland seas (The Sea of Galilee and the Dead Sea). Part II
presents the main endangered sites along the Mediterranean coast of
Israel, their archaeological and historical significance, the risks they are
facing and the measures that have to be taken in order to ensure their
long term preservation.Los dos artĂculos presentados con el tĂtulo “GestiĂłn del patrimonio
arqueológico subacuático y costero en los mares de Israel” apuntan a la
diversidad, naturaleza y trascendencia de un importante recurso cultural
en riesgo, concretamente los yacimientos arqueolĂłgicos submarinos y
costeros de Israel. En la primera parte introducĂamos la tipologĂa de los
asentamientos sobre la costa mediterránea y los mares interiores (el Mar
de Galilea y el Mar Muerto). Esta segunda parte presenta los
yacimientos más amenazados a lo largo de las costas israelĂes del
Mediterráneo, su histórica y arqueológica importancia, los riesgos a los
que se enfrentan y las medias que deben ser tomadas con objeto de
asegurar su preservaciĂłn a largo plazo
Gestión del patrimonio arqueológico subacuático y costero en los mares de Israel (I)
The Maritime cultural heritage of Israel reflects important chapters in
the history of humanity, including the Neolithic revolution and the
beginning of agriculture, the emergence of the first empires and the
foundation of the three monotheistic religions. Erosion due to sea level
rise and human activity is destroying important coastal and underwater
archaeological sites. Low levels in the Sea of Galilee and the Dead Sea
exposed many archaeological remains, which are threatened by erosion,
treasure hunting and coastal development. Without intensive rescue
and protection activities, the valuable cultural maritime heritage will
vanish within a few decades. Legal and operational tools are currently
applied in order to assure integrated coastal zone management, to
control coastal development and to protect the marine cultural
resources. Among these are the Antiquities Law, the Planning and
Building Law, the Nature and Parks Law and the Law for the
Protection of the Coastal Environment. Coastal and underwater sites
are mapped and monitored, protected coastal and underwater sites are
declared and rescue surveys are carried out in the endangered sites. A
national risk assessment document of the coastal and underwater
heritage and detailed preservation and protection plans have been
prepared. Pilot projects for protecting and preserving the sea walls of
Ashkelon, Apollonia and Akko were completed and several damaged
harbors in the Sea of Galilee were reconstructed.El patrimonio marĂtimo cultural de Israel representa un importante
capĂtulo en la historia de la Humanidad, incluyendo la RevoluciĂłn
NeolĂtica y los inicios de la agricultura, la apariciĂłn de los primeros
imperios y la fundaciĂłn de las tres religiones monoteĂstas. La erosiĂłn
debida a la subida del nivel del mar y la actividad humana están
destruyendo importantes yacimientos arqueolĂłgicos costeros y
submarinos. La bajada del nivel en el Mar de Galilea y en el Mar Muerto
ha expuesto muchos restos arqueolĂłgicos amenazados por la erosion,
los expoliadores y el desarrollo litoral. Sin un intenso control y sin
actividades protectoras se perderá el valioso patrimonio cultural
marĂtimo en pocas dĂ©cadas. Las herramientas jurĂdicas y operativas
actualmente se están aplicando para proteger la gestión integrada de
zonas costeras, para controlar el desarrollo litoral y proteger los
recursos culturales marĂtimos. Entre estas disposiciones se encuentran
la Ley de AntigĂĽedades, la Ley de PlanificaciĂłn y ConstrucciĂłn, la Ley
de Naturaleza y Parques, y la Ley para la ProtecciĂłn del Medio
Ambiente Costero. Los yacimientos litorales y submarinos están
cartografiados y supervisados, los protegidos están declarados y las
actuaciones de rescate se están produciendo en los yacimientos más
amenazados. Se ha elaborado un documento nacional relativo a los
riesgos sobre el patrimonio litoral y subacuático, y se han detallado
planes para su protecciĂłn y conservaciĂłn. Se han culminado los
proyectos pilotos para la recuperaciĂłn de las murallas marĂtimas de
Ascalon, Apolonia y Acco, y varios puertos dañados en el Mar de
Galilea se han restaurado
MANAGEMENT OF THE UNDERWATER AND COASTAL ARCHAEOLOGICAL HERITAGE IN ISRAEL'S SEAS (II): THE ENDANGERED COASTAL SETTLEMENTS
The two articles titled Management of the underwater and coastal archaeological heritage in Israel's seas – parts A and B aim at presenting the diversity, nature and significance of an important cultural resource at risk, namely the underwater and coastal archaeological sites of Israel. Part I introduces the typology of the sites on the Mediterranean coast and the inland seas (The Sea of Galilee and the Dead Sea). Part II presents the main endangered sites along the Mediterranean coast of Israel, their archaeological and historical significance, the risks they are facing and the measures that have to be taken in order to ensure their long term preservation
Management of the underwater and coastal archaelogical heritage in Israel's seas (I)
The Maritime cultural heritage of Israel reflects important chapters in the history of humanity, including the Neolithic revolution and the beginning of agriculture, the emergence of the first empires and the foundation of the three monotheistic religions. Erosion due to sea levelrise and human activity is destroying important coastal and underwater archaeological sites. Low levels in the Sea of Galilee and the Dead Sea exposed many archaeological remains, which are threatened by erosion, treasure hunting and coastal development. Without intensive rescueand protection activities, the valuable cultural maritime heritage will vanish within a few decades. Legal and operational tools are currently applied in order to assure integrated coastal zone management, to control coastal development and to protect the marine culturalresources. Among these are the Antiquities Law, the Planning and Building Law, the Nature and Parks Law and the Law for the Protection of the Coastal Environment. Coastal and underwater sites are mapped and monitored, protected coastal and underwater sites are declared and rescue surveys are carried out in the endangered sites. A national risk assessment document of the coastal and underwaterheritage and detailed preservation and protection plans have been prepared. Pilot projects for protecting and preserving the sea walls of Ashkelon, Apollonia and Akko were completed and several damaged harbors in the Sea of Galilee were reconstructed
Convolutional Neural Networks for Olive Oil Classification
The analysis of the quality of olive oil is a task that is hav-ing a lot of impact
nowadays due to the large frauds that have been observed in the olive oil market. To
solve this problem we have trained a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) to classify
701 images obtained using GC-IMS methodology (gas chromatography coupled to ion
mobil-ity spectrometry). The aim of this study is to show that Deep Learn-ing
techniques can be a great alternative to traditional oil classification methods based on
the subjectivity of the standardized sensory analy-sis according to the panel test
method, and also to novel techniques provided by the chemical field, such as
chemometric markers. This tech-nique is quite expensive since the markers are
manually extracted by an expert.
The analyzed data includes instances belonging to two different crops, the first
covers the years 2014–2015 and the second 2015–2016. Both har-vests have instances
classified in the three categories of existing oil, extra virgin olive oil (EVOO), virgin
olive oil (VOO) and lampante olive oil (LOO). The aim of this study is to demonstrate
that Deep Learning techniques in combination with chemical techniques are a good
alterna-tive to the panel test method, implying even better accuracy than results
obtained in previous wor
How to map submerged Stone Age sites using acoustics (some experimental results)
A central problem for maritime archaeology has been to find survey methods that facilitate efficient and precise mapping of Stone Age sites on the seabed down to the lowest sea level (approximately 140 m) during glacial periods, as well as sites embedded in sea-floor sediments. As predictive landscape modelling has proved to be inadequate for this task, a different approach based on direct detection is required. The observation of an acoustic phenomenon associated with man-made flint debitage but not naturally cracked pieces of flint has opened a window for development of an alternative and efficient direct mapping method. This paper discusses the development of the idea, as well as experimental documentation of the principle on which it is based. It includes a preliminary analysis of how far away on each side of the transducer flint debitage emits an acoustic response, and consequently the required distance between sailing lines for a comprehensive survey to be undertaken at a specific depth
Detection and Molecular Characterization of 9000-Year-Old Mycobacterium tuberculosis from a Neolithic Settlement in the Eastern Mediterranean
Background: Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the principal etiologic agent of human tuberculosis. It has no environmental reservoir and is believed to have co-evolved with its host over millennia. This is supported by skeletal evidence of the disease in early humans, and inferred from M. tuberculosis genomic analysis. Direct examination of ancient human remains for M. tuberculosis biomarkers should aid our understanding of the nature of prehistoric tuberculosis and the host/pathogen relationship.Methodology/Principal Findings: We used conventional PCR to examine bone samples with typical tuberculosis lesions from a woman and infant, who were buried together in the now submerged site of Atlit-Yam in the Eastern Mediterranean, dating from 9250-8160 years ago. Rigorous precautions were taken to prevent contamination, and independent centers were used to confirm authenticity of findings. DNA from five M. tuberculosis genetic loci was detected and had characteristics consistent with extant genetic lineages. High performance liquid chromatography was used as an independent method of verification and it directly detected mycolic acid lipid biomarkers, specific for the M. tuberculosis complex.Conclusions/Significance: Human tuberculosis was confirmed by morphological and molecular methods in a population living in one of the first villages with evidence of agriculture and animal domestication. The widespread use of animals was not a source of infection but may have supported a denser human population that facilitated transmission of the tubercle bacillus. The similarity of the M. tuberculosis genetic signature with those of today gives support to the theory of a long-term co-existence of host and pathogen
The morphological significance of the Homo I Skeleton from the PPNB submerged site at Atlit-Yam, Israel
Summary. — The major aim of the present study is to give insight into maritime communities in the southern Levant region during the Pre-Pottery Neolithic В (PPNB) period. The paper describes and analyzes the morphology of the Homo I skeleton revealed at the submerged PPNB site at Atlit-Yam, Israel. This is the first complete skeleton discovered from a PPNB fishing village in the Levant. The findings a) furnish us with crucial information as to the biological characteristics of one of the earliest maritime hunter-gatherer groups in the eastern Mediterranean region ; b) suggest the possibility of population continuity from Natufian to Pre-Pottery Neolithic times in the Carmel Mountain region ; and c) indicate seafaring and the possibility of extensive rowing activities in Mediterranean PPNB populations.Résumé. — Le site ď Atlit Yam est situé à 10 km au Sud de Haifa, en Israël, à une distance de plus de 200 m du rivage actuel et à une profondeur de 8 à 12 mètres. Il peut être rapporté au Néolithique pré-céramique В du Levant (PPNB), et une datation au Carbone 14 a donné un âge de 8140 +/- 120 ans. Parmi les vestiges osseux, la présence d'un squelette pour la première fois relativement complet permet de préciser les caractères morphologiques de cette population de chasseurs-cueilleurs marins, comblant ainsi une lacune anthropologique pour les premiers occupants de la période PPNB au Levant Sud. Peuvent aussi être discutées les affiliations avec la population Natoufienne du Mont Carmel.Hershkovitz I., Galili E. The morphological significance of the Homo I Skeleton from the PPNB submerged site at Atlit-Yam, Israel. In: Bulletins et Mémoires de la Société d'anthropologie de Paris, Nouvelle Série. Tome 3 fascicule 1-2, 1991. pp. 83-96