Exploring Renal Changes after Bariatric Surgery in Patients with Severe Obesity

Albuminuria; Aldosterone; Glucose metabolismAlbuminuria; Aldosterona; Metabolismo de la glucosaAlbuminúria; Aldosterona; Metabolisme de la glucosaObesity-related hyperfiltration leads to an increased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and hyperalbuminuria. These changes are reversible after bariatric surgery (BS). We aimed to explore obesity-related renal changes post-BS and to seek potential mechanisms. Sixty-two individuals with severe obesity were prospectively examined before and 3, 6 and 12 months post-BS. Anthropometric and laboratory data, 24 h-blood pressure, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAS) components, adipokines and inflammatory markers were determined. Both estimated GFR (eGFR) and albuminuria decreased from the baseline at all follow-up times (p-for-trend <0.001 for both). There was a median (IQR) of 30.5% (26.2–34.4) reduction in body weight. Plasma glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, fasting insulin and HOMA-index decreased at 3, 6 and 12 months of follow-up (p-for-trend <0.001 for all). The plasma aldosterone concentration (median (IQR)) also decreased at 12 months (from 87.8 ng/dL (56.8; 154) to 65.4 (56.8; 84.6), p = 0.003). Both leptin and hs-CRP decreased (p < 0.001) and adiponectine levels increased at 12 months post-BS (p = 0.017). Linear mixed-models showed that body weight (coef. 0.62, 95% CI: 0.32 to 0.93, p < 0.001) and plasma aldosterone (coef. −0.07, 95% CI: −0.13 to −0.02, p = 0.005) were the independent variables for changes in eGFR. Conversely, glycosylated hemoglobin was the only independent variable for changes in albuminuria (coef. 0.24, 95% CI: 0.06 to 0.42, p = 0.009). In conclusion, body weight and aldosterone are the main factors that mediate eGFR changes in obesity and BS, while albuminuria is associated with glucose homeostasis.The research reported in this publication was supported by the Spanish Society of Nephrology (Grant for Clinical Investigation. 2014) and by the Spanish Ministry of Health ISCIII RedinRen RD16/0009/0013

Exploring Renal Changes after Bariatric Surgery in Patients with Severe Obesity

Obesity-related hyperfiltration leads to an increased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and hyperalbuminuria. These changes are reversible after bariatric surgery (BS). We aimed to explore obesity-related renal changes post-BS and to seek potential mechanisms. Sixty-two individuals with severe obesity were prospectively examined before and 3, 6 and 12 months post-BS. Anthropometric and laboratory data, 24 h-blood pressure, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAS) components, adipokines and inflammatory markers were determined. Both estimated GFR (eGFR) and albuminuria decreased from the baseline at all follow-up times (p -for-trend <0.001 for both). There was a median (IQR) of 30.5% (26.2-34.4) reduction in body weight. Plasma glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, fasting insulin and HOMA-index decreased at 3, 6 and 12 months of follow-up (p -for-trend <0.001 for all). The plasma aldosterone concentration (median (IQR)) also decreased at 12 months (from 87.8 ng/dL (56.8; 154) to 65.4 (56.8; 84.6), p = 0.003). Both leptin and hs-CRP decreased (p < 0.001) and adiponectine levels increased at 12 months post-BS (p = 0.017). Linear mixed-models showed that body weight (coef. 0.62, 95% CI: 0.32 to 0.93, p < 0.001) and plasma aldosterone (coef. −0.07, 95% CI: −0.13 to −0.02, p = 0.005) were the independent variables for changes in eGFR. Conversely, glycosylated hemoglobin was the only independent variable for changes in albuminuria (coef. 0.24, 95% CI: 0.06 to 0.42, p = 0.009). In conclusion, body weight and aldosterone are the main factors that mediate eGFR changes in obesity and BS, while albuminuria is associated with glucose homeostasis

Risk factors for non-diabetic renal disease in diabetic patients

Background. Diabetic patients with kidney disease have a high prevalence of non-diabetic renal disease (NDRD). Renal and patient survival regarding the diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy (DN) or NDRD have not been widely studied. The aim of our study is to evaluate the prevalence of NDRD in patients with diabetes and to determine the capacity of clinical and analytical data in the prediction of NDRD. In addition, we will study renal and patient prognosis according to the renal biopsy findings in patients with diabetes. Methods. Retrospective multicentre observational study of renal biopsies performed in patients with diabetes from 2002 to 2014. Results. In total, 832 patients were included: 621 men (74.6%), mean age of 61.7 6 12.8 years, creatinine was 2.8 6 2.2 mg/dL and proteinuria 2.7 (interquartile range: 1.2–5.4) g/24 h. About 39.5% (n ¼ 329) of patients had DN, 49.6% (n ¼ 413) NDRD and 10.8% (n ¼ 90) mixed forms. The most frequent NDRD was nephroangiosclerosis (NAS) (n ¼ 87, 9.3%). In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, older age [odds ratio (OR) ¼ 1.03, 95% CI: 1.02–1.05, P < 0.001], microhaematuria (OR ¼ 1.51, 95% CI: 1.03–2.21, P ¼ 0.033) and absence of diabetic retinopathy (DR) (OR ¼ 0.28, 95% CI: 0.19–0.42, P < 0.001) were independently associated with NDRD. Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that patients with DN or mixed forms presented worse renal prognosis than NDRD (P < 0.001) and higher mortality (P ¼ 0.029). In multivariate Cox analyses, older age (P < 0.001), higher serum creatinine (P < 0.001), higher proteinuria (P < 0.001), DR (P ¼ 0.007) and DN (P < 0.001) were independent risk factors for renal replacement therapy. In addition, older age (P < 0.001), peripheral vascular disease (P ¼ 0.002), higher creatinine (P ¼ 0.01) and DN (P ¼ 0.015) were independent risk factors for mortality. Conclusions. The most frequent cause of NDRD is NAS. Elderly patients with microhaematuria and the absence of DR are the ones at risk for NDRD. Patients with DN presented worse renal prognosis and higher mortality than those with NDRD. These results suggest that in some patients with diabetes, kidney biopsy may be useful for an accurate renal diagnosis and subsequently treatment and prognosis

Hypertensive mediated organ damage evolution in resistant hypertension patients after adding spironolactone

Data de publicació electronica: 21-12-2022Introduction: Resistant hypertension (RH) represents an important multi-organic impact and increases the morbi-mortality. We aimed to evaluate the evolution of hypertensive mediated organ damage in patients with RH after adding spironolactone. Material and methods: Retrospective study of 58 patients with RH who started spironolactone (12.5-25mg daily). Office blood pressure, 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (24h-ABPM), urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio and echocardiographic parameters were analyzed prior to initiation of spironolactone and after 12 months of treatment. Results: Thirty-six percent of patients were women and mean age was 67.3±10.1 years. We observed a decrease in urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (median [RIQ25-75]) of 27.0 (7.5-255.4) to 11.3 (3.1-37.8)mg/g, p=0.009. This was more relevant in patients with albuminuria grade A2 and A3: 371.2 (139.5-797.4) to 68.4 (26.5-186.5)mg/g, p=0.02. The echocardiographic changes were: posterior wall thickness: -1.0±0.4mm (p<0.001), interventricular septal thickness: -0.6±0.5mm (p=0.01), left ventricular (LV) mass index: -14.7±10.2g/m2 (p=0.006), LV remodeling index: -0.04±0.036 (p=0.03), without statistically significant changes in LV ejection fraction, LV end-diastolic diameter, LV end-systolic diameter, left atrial diameter, relationship between early ventricular filling wave and atrial contraction and LV filling pressure index. Systolic/diastolic office blood pressure decreased -12.5±4.9/-4.9±3.0mmHg, p<0.001. In 24h-ABPM, systolic and diastolic BP had a significant decrease in diurnal and nocturnal periods and 38.1% of patients presented a favorable change in the circadian pattern, p<0.001. Conclusions: Adding spironolactone to patients with RH contributes to improve hypertensive mediated organ damage by reducing albuminuria levels and echocardiographic parameters of hypertensive heart disease

Central blood pressure in morbid obesity and after bariatric surgery

La obesidad está asociada con la hipertensión arterial por mecanismos diversos. La presión arterial (PA) central parece estar más correlacionada que la PA periférica con el riesgo cardiovascular futuro. La cirugía bariátrica constituye un método eficaz para disminuir la PA paralelamente a una pérdida de peso significativa en pacientes con obesidad severa. El estudio de la relación entre la modificación de peso tras cirugía bariátrica y la medición ambulatoria de PA, no solo a nivel periférico, sino también a nivel central, podría aportar información respecto a los mecanismos del dano˜ orgánico asociado a la PA elevada en la obesidad. En esta revisión analizamos la evidencia disponible respecto a la asociación entre la PA central con la obesidad y sus modificaciones tras la cirugía bariátrica

Improvement of arterial stiffness one month after bariatric surgery and potential mechanisms

Arterial stiffness (AS) is an independent predictor of cardiovascular risk. We aimed to analyze changes (Δ) in AS 1-month post-bariatric surgery (BS) and search for possible pathophysiological mechanisms. Patients with severe obesity (43% hypertensives) were prospectively evaluated before and 1-month post-BS, with AS assessed by pulse-wave velocity (PWV), augmentation index (AIx@75) and pulse pressure (PP). Ambulatory 24 h blood pressure (BP), anthropometric data, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) components and several adipokines and inflammatory markers were also analyzed. Overall reduction in body weight was mean (interquartile range (IQR)) = 11.0% (9.6-13.1). A decrease in PWV, AIx@75 and PP was observed 1-month post-BS (all, p < 0.01). There were also significant Δ in BP, RAAS components, adipokines and inflammatory biomarkers. Multiple linear regression adjusted models showed that Δaldosterone was an independent variable (B coeff.95%CI) for final PWV (B = -0.003, -0.005 to 0.000; p = 0.022). Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)/ACE2 and ACE were independent variables for final AIx@75 (B = 0.036, 0.005 to 0.066; p = 0.024) and PP (B = 0.010, 0.003 to 0.017; p = 0.01), respectively. There was no correlation between ΔAS and anthropometric changes nor with Δ of adipokines or inflammatory markers except high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP). Patients with PWV below median decreased PWV (mean, 95%CI = -0.18, -0.25 to -0.10; p < 0.001) and both AIx@75 and PP at 1-month, but not those with PWV above median. In conclusion, there is an improvement in AS 1-month post-BS that correlates with ΔBP and Δrenin-angiotensin-aldosterone components. The benefit is reduced in those with higher PWV

Incidence and time trends of childhood hematological neoplasms : a 36-year population-based study in the southern European context, 1983-2018

Altres ajuts: Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (Grant No. FIJC1100)Background: Hematological neoplasms (HNs) are the first and most common childhood cancers globally. Currently, there is a lack of updated population-based data on the incidence of these cancers in the Spanish pediatric population. This study aimed to describe the incidence and incidence trends of HNs in children (0-14 years) in Spain using data from the Spanish Network of Cancer Registries and to compare the results with other southern European countries. Methods: Data were extracted from 15 Spanish population-based cancer registries between 1983 and 2018. Cases were coded according to the International Classification of Diseases for Oncology, third edition, first revision, and grouped according to the International Classification of Childhood Cancer, third edition. Crude rates (CRs), age-specific rates, and age-standardized incidence rates using the 2013 European population (ASR) were calculated and expressed as cases per 1,000,000 child-years. Incidence trends and annual percentage changes (APCs) were estimated. Results: A total of 4,747 HNs were recorded (59.5% boys). Age distribution [n (%)] was as follows: <1 year, 266 (5.6%); 1-4 years, 1,726 (36.4%); 5-9 years, 1,442 (30.4%); and 10-14 years, 1,313 (27.6%). Leukemias were the most common group, with a CR and an ASR of 44.0 (95%CI: 42.5; 45.5) and 44.1 (95%CI: 42.6; 45.7), respectively. The CR and ASR of lymphomas were 20.1 (95%CI: 19.1; 21.1) and 20.0 (95%CI: 19.0; 21.1), respectively. The comparable incidence rates between our results and those of other southern European countries were similar for lymphomas, while some differences were observed for leukemias. From 1988 to 2016, the trend in leukemia incidence was stable for both sexes, with an APC of 0.0 (95%CI: −0.5; 0.7), whereas a constant overall increase was observed for lymphoma in both sexes, with an APC of 1.0 (95%CI: 0.4; 1.6). Conclusion: Leukemias are the most common HNs in children, and their incidence has remained stable since 1988, whereas the incidence of lymphomas has increased every year. Lymphoma incidence is like that of other southern European countries, while leukemia incidence is similar only to that of southwestern European countries. Collaborative cancer registry projects allow for assessing epidemiological indicators for cancers such as HNs, which helps health authorities and clinicians provide more knowledge about these malignancies

Take one, Action : A study of professional roles in the film industry

Denna studie grundas i tankar kring vilka individer som ligger bakom en filmproduktion. Dådet i en filmproduktion arbetar en stor skara människor blev det intressant att undersöka ochlyfta fram diskussion om hur dessa samverkar för att slutföra en produkt som baseras på envision. Studien visar också på vad som ligger bakom samverkan och hur den hierarkiskastrukturen påverkar filmarbetarnas yrkesroll. En observation har gjorts på enlångfilmsinspelning. För att fördjupa observationen har även två intervjuer gjorts medfilmarbetare. Användningen av både intervjuer och observation har gett en större inblick ifilmarbetarnas vardag

Exploring renal changes after bariatric surgery in patients with severe obesity

Obesity-related hyperfiltration leads to an increased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and hyperalbuminuria. These changes are reversible after bariatric surgery (BS). We aimed to explore obesity-related renal changes post-BS and to seek potential mechanisms. Sixty-two individuals with severe obesity were prospectively examined before and 3, 6 and 12 months post-BS. Anthropometric and laboratory data, 24 h-blood pressure, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAS) components, adipokines and inflammatory markers were determined. Both estimated GFR (eGFR) and albuminuria decreased from the baseline at all follow-up times (p-for-trend <0.001 for both). There was a median (IQR) of 30.5% (26.2-34.4) reduction in body weight. Plasma glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, fasting insulin and HOMA-index decreased at 3, 6 and 12 months of follow-up (p-for-trend <0.001 for all). The plasma aldosterone concentration (median (IQR)) also decreased at 12 months (from 87.8 ng/dL (56.8; 154) to 65.4 (56.8; 84.6), p = 0.003). Both leptin and hs-CRP decreased (p < 0.001) and adiponectine levels increased at 12 months post-BS (p = 0.017). Linear mixed-models showed that body weight (coef. 0.62, 95% CI: 0.32 to 0.93, p < 0.001) and plasma aldosterone (coef. -0.07, 95% CI: -0.13 to -0.02, p = 0.005) were the independent variables for changes in eGFR. Conversely, glycosylated hemoglobin was the only independent variable for changes in albuminuria (coef. 0.24, 95% CI: 0.06 to 0.42, p = 0.009). In conclusion, body weight and aldosterone are the main factors that mediate eGFR changes in obesity and BS, while albuminuria is associated with glucose homeostasis

Influencia de los determinantes sociales de la salud en la elección de tratamiento renal sustitutivo en la enfermedad renal crónica avanzada: necesidad de un enfoque multidisciplinar

Resumen: Introducción: La influencia de los determinantes sociales de la salud en la elección de las técnicas de tratamiento renal sustitutivo (TRS) en la enfermedad renal crónica avanzada (ERCA) ha sido escasamente explorada, pudiendo generar problemas de inequidad, frecuentemente desapercibidos en la asistencia sanitaria. El objetivo de este estudio es identificar las desigualdades sociales y económicas que influyen en la elección de TRS en una consulta de ERCA en España. Material y métodos: Análisis retrospectivo incluyendo el total de pacientes atendidos en la consulta de ERCA en un hospital terciario desde 2009 a 2020. La inclusión en la consulta de ERCA comenzaba por un proceso de toma de decisiones, conducido por una enfermera específicamente instruida. Las variables consideradas para el estudio fueron: edad, sexo, etiología de la ERC, nivel de dependencia para las actividades básicas de la vida diaria (escala de Barthel) y actividades instrumentales de la vida diaria (escala de Lawton y Brody), nacionalidad española versus extranjera, nivel socioeconómico y barrera idiomática. El nivel socioeconómico se extrapoló según el domicilio y el distrito sanitario por centro de atención primaria al que pertenecían los pacientes. Resultados: Un total de 673 personas fueron atendidas en la consulta de ERCA en el periodo de estudio, de los cuales 400 (59,4%) optaron por la técnica de hemodiálisis (HD), 156 (23,1%) por diálisis peritoneal (DP), 4 (0,5%) por trasplante renal de donante vivo anticipado y 113 (16,7%) eligieron tratamiento conservador (TC). La elección de DP como técnica de TRS elegida (frente a HD) se asoció a personas con nivel socioeconómico alto (38,7 vs. 22,5%) (p = 0,002), a la nacionalidad española (91 vs. 77,7%) (p < 0,001), a una menor barrera idiomática (0,6 vs. 10,5%) (p < 0,001) y a mayores puntuaciones en la escala de Barthel (97,4 vs. 92,9) y la escala de Lawton y Brody (7 vs. 6,1) (p < 0,001). Ni la edad ni el sexo mostraron diferencias significativas en la elección de ambas técnicas. Los pacientes que optaron por TC eran significativamente de mayor edad (81,1 vs. 67,7 años; p < 0,001), más dependientes (p < 0,001), con una mayor proporción de mujeres (49,6 vs. 35,2%; p = 0,006) y de españoles (94,7 vs. 81%, p = 0,001) en relación con la elección de otras técnicas (DP y HD). El nivel socioeconómico no influyó en la elección de TC. Conclusión: A pesar de que el proceso de toma de decisiones en la elección de TRS está reglado y estandarizado, existen factores como la situación socioeconómica, la migración, la barrera idiomática o la dependencia que influyen en el tipo de TRS elegido. Para abordar estos aspectos que pueden ser causa de inequidad se requiere de una intervención intersectorial y multinivel con equipos interdisciplinares que incluyan, entre otros, trabajadores sociales, para brindar una evaluación más holística y centrada en la persona. Abstract: Introduction: The influence of socioeconomic and cultural barriers in the choice of renal replacement therapy (RRT) techniques in advanced chronic kidney disease (ACKD) has been scarcely explored, which can generate problems of inequity, frequently unnoticed in health care. The aim of this study is to identify the “non-medical” barriers that influence the choice of RRT in an ACKD consultation in Spain. Material and methods: Retrospective analysis including the total number of patients seen in the ACKD consultation in a tertiary hospital from 2009 to 2020. Inclusion in the ACKD consultation began with an eligibility test and a decision-making process, conducted by a specifically trained nurse. The variables considered for the study were: age, sex, etiology of CKD, level of dependence for basic activities of daily living (Barthel scale) and instrumental activities of daily living (Lawton and Brody scale), Spanish versus foreign nationality, socioeconomic level and language barrier. The socioeconomic level was extrapolated according to home and health district by primary care center to which the patients belonged. Results: A total of 673 persons were seen in the ACKD consultation during the study period, of whom 400 (59.4%) opted for hemodialysis (HD), 156 (23.1%) for peritoneal dialysis (PD), 4 (0.5%) for early living donor renal transplantation and 113 (16.7%) chose conservative care (CC). The choice of PD as the chosen RRT technique (vs. HD) was associated with people with a high socioeconomic level (38.7 vs. 22.5%) (p = 0.002), Spanish nationality (91 vs. 77.7%) (p < 0,001), to a lower language barrier (0.6 vs. 10.5%) (p < 0.001), and to a higher score on the Barthel scale (97.4 vs. 92.9) and on the Lawton and Brody scale (7 vs. 6.1) (p < 0.001). Neither age nor sex showed significant differences in the choice of both techniques. Patients who opted for CC were significantly older (81.1 vs. 67.7 years; p < 0.001), more dependent (p < 0.001), with a higher proportion of women (49.6 vs. 35.2%; p = 0.006) and a higher proportion of Spaniards (94.7 vs. 81%, p = 0.001) in relation to the choice of other techniques (PD and HD). Socioeconomic level did not influence the choice of CC. Conclusion: Despite a regulated decision-making process, there are factors such as socioeconomic status, migration, language barrier and dependency of the population that influence the type of RRT chosen. To address these aspects that may cause inequity, an intersectoral and multilevel intervention is required with interdisciplinary teams that include, among others, social workers, to provide a more holistic and person-centered assessment