PERANAN PEMERINTAH TERHADAP USAHA WARALABA MENURUT PERATURAN PEMERINTAH NOMOR 42 TAHUN 2007 TENTANG WARABALA

Tujuan dilakukannya penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana perkembangan usaha waralaba dari aspek hukum di Indonesia dan bagaimana peranan pemerintah terhadap usaha waralaba di Indonesia yang dengan metode penelitian hukum normatif disimpulkan bahwa: 1. Tonggak kepastian hukum akan format waralaba di Indonesia dimulai pada tanggal 18 Juni 1997, yaitu dengan dikeluarkannya Peraturan Pemerintah Republik Indonesia Nomor 16 Tahun 1997 tentang Waralaba. Kemudian Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 16 tahun 1997 tentang waralaba ini telah dicabut dan diganti dengan Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 42 tahun 2007 tentang Waralaba ditetapkan pada tanggal 23 Juli 2007. 2. Saat ini pemerintah sedang mengembangkan usaha kecil dan menengah (UKM) untuk dijadikan usaha waralaba dan juga mendorong usaha waralaba lokal agar mampu bersaing, mengingat pesatnya perkembangan ekonomi di Indonesia.Kata kunci: waralaba

Travailleurs.euses de la construction au Québec : le rôle du soutien social sur la relation entre la charge de travail et le conflit travail-famille

Essai présenté en vue de l’obtention du doctorat (D.Psy) en psychologie, option psychologie du travail et des organisationsCet essai doctoral s’intéresse à l’effet modérateur du soutien social émotionnel et instrumental offert par le superviseur, les collègues et le conjoint dans la relation entre la charge de travail et le conflit travail-famille (CTF) chez une population de travailleurs.euses de la construction au Québec. Il est déjà établi que la charge de travail détermine le CTF. Cette étude contribue aux connaissances actuelles puisqu’elle permet de comprendre l’effet de la charge de travail sur le CTF dans un secteur où celle-ci est hautement normalisée. Le soutien social est une ressource environnementale protégeant les individus des effets néfastes du travail. Cette étude contribue à la littérature par le fait qu’elle souhaite comprendre lequel des deux types de soutien social – émotionnel ou instrumental – est plus à même d’atténuer l’effet de la charge de travail sur le CTF. Elle souhaite aussi déterminer si un des acteurs offrant du soutien social a un rôle prépondérant comparé aux autres. Un total de 811 travailleurs ont participé à cette étude transversale et les résultats obtenus à la suite d’analyses de régression multiple ont permis de confirmer que la charge de travail accroît le CTF. Cependant, le rôle de protection du soutien social n’est pas soutenu et les résultats d’analyses de médiation suggèrent plutôt que celui-ci détermine le CTF par son effet direct sur la charge de travail, le soutien social du superviseur ayant l’effet indirect le plus grand. De plus, la comparaison de ratios entre l’effet indirect et total révèle que l’effet du soutien social du conjoint sur le CTF passe davantage par une modification de la perception de la charge de travail. Cet essai démontre l’importance de considérer le soutien social émotionnel et instrumental du superviseur, des collègues et du conjoint dans la diminution des effets néfastes de la charge de travail envers le CTF.This study investigates the moderating effect of emotional and instrumental social support provided by supervisor, co-workers and spouses in the relationship between workload and work-family conflict (WFC) among a population of Quebec construction workers. It has already been established that workload determines WFC levels. The study findings contribute to current knowledge by understanding the effect of workload on WFC in a sector where it is highly typical. Social support is acknowledged as a resource that protects individuals from the harmful effects of work. The study also contributes to the literature in its desire to examine which of two types of social support – emotional or instrumental – is better able to mitigate the detrimental effect of workload on WFC. It also considers whether there is a differentiated impact when one of the individuals offering social support plays a leadership role. A total of 811 workers took part in this cross-sectional study and the results of multiple regression analyses confirmed that increased workload in turn increases WFC. However, the protective role of social support is not supported as a theory and the results of mediation analyses suggest instead that social support impacts WFC by reducing effect of workload, supervisor’s social support having the greatest indirect effect. Moreover, the comparison of ratios between indirect and total effect reveals that the effect of spouse’s social support on WFC goes more through a change in the perception of workload. This essay demonstrates the importance of considering emotional and instrumental social support given by supervisors, co-workers and spouses in reducing the adverse effects of workload on WFC

Essays on monetary policy transmission and the crisis

The Global Financial Crisis has been one of the most significant economic shocks since the Great Depression. As the Crisis intensified, there was a large fall in markets’ capacity to accept risk. The result was a situation of tight credit conditions and in some cases dysfunctional markets, accompanied by a general loss of confidence. This dissertation explores some of the forces that have been working to mitigate the negative effects in the aftermath of the Crisis. The first chapter analyses the role played by central bank forwardlooking communication in shaping markets’ expectation. To this aim, we propose a new index of central bank’s verbal guidance, which measures the communication about future based on the frequency of future verbs in monetary policy statements. The purpose is to test whether and the extent to which verbal guidance might be considered an additional policy instrument. We consider the case of the European Central Bank (ECB) and follow a two-steps procedure. First, we analyze the main determinants of our index and estimate the unexpected component. Second, we investigate the effects of the identified innovation of verbal guidance on daily changes of forward money markets rates between September 2007 and December 2015. Our results show that financial markets’ expectations on future short-term interest rates react to a shock of communication about future: the effect is negative and larger for higher horizons, after controlling for the standard policy rate shock and the announcement of unconventional monetary policies. This suggests that the verbal guidance may be considered an additional policy instrument. The second chapter provides evidence about the tightening credit conditions faced by the private sector in Italy in the aftermath of the Global Crisis and analyses the role played by social capital. Since social capital is a key determinant of trust, it should positively affects the supply of credit, in particular during crises when confidence is under stress, as it was for the financial turmoil of 2008. To investigate whether and the extent to which social capital mitigated the credit rationing following the Crisis, we compare the probability of approving a loan requests lodged by over half a million Italian non-financial corporations before and after the default of Lehman Brothers (from January 2007 to June 2010). We find that firms headquartered in high-social capital provinces suffered less: while during the Crisis the probability of loan approval declined for all firms, for those ones headquartered in high-social-capital areas the decline was half that of low-social-capital areas, indicating that social capital smoothed the impact of the shock. Moreover, consistent with theory, we find that social capital conveys its mitigating effect on credit rationing in cases in which the reciprocal trust, because of the lack of information, matters more.The Global Financial Crisis has been one of the most significant economic shocks since the Great Depression. As the Crisis intensified, there was a large fall in markets’ capacity to accept risk. The result was a situation of tight credit conditions and in some cases dysfunctional markets, accompanied by a general loss of confidence. This dissertation explores some of the forces that have been working to mitigate the negative effects in the aftermath of the Crisis. The first chapter analyses the role played by central bank forwardlooking communication in shaping markets’ expectation. To this aim, we propose a new index of central bank’s verbal guidance, which measures the communication about future based on the frequency of future verbs in monetary policy statements. The purpose is to test whether and the extent to which verbal guidance might be considered an additional policy instrument. We consider the case of the European Central Bank (ECB) and follow a two-steps procedure. First, we analyze the main determinants of our index and estimate the unexpected component. Second, we investigate the effects of the identified innovation of verbal guidance on daily changes of forward money markets rates between September 2007 and December 2015. Our results show that financial markets’ expectations on future short-term interest rates react to a shock of communication about future: the effect is negative and larger for higher horizons, after controlling for the standard policy rate shock and the announcement of unconventional monetary policies. This suggests that the verbal guidance may be considered an additional policy instrument. The second chapter provides evidence about the tightening credit conditions faced by the private sector in Italy in the aftermath of the Global Crisis and analyses the role played by social capital. Since social capital is a key determinant of trust, it should positively affects the supply of credit, in particular during crises when confidence is under stress, as it was for the financial turmoil of 2008. To investigate whether and the extent to which social capital mitigated the credit rationing following the Crisis, we compare the probability of approving a loan requests lodged by over half a million Italian non-financial corporations before and after the default of Lehman Brothers (from January 2007 to June 2010). We find that firms headquartered in high-social capital provinces suffered less: while during the Crisis the probability of loan approval declined for all firms, for those ones headquartered in high-social-capital areas the decline was half that of low-social-capital areas, indicating that social capital smoothed the impact of the shock. Moreover, consistent with theory, we find that social capital conveys its mitigating effect on credit rationing in cases in which the reciprocal trust, because of the lack of information, matters more.LUISS PhD Thesi

Land cover, land use and malaria in the Amazon: a systematic literature review of studies using remotely sensed data

The nine countries sharing the Amazon forest accounted for 89% of all malaria cases reported in the Americas in 2008. Remote sensing can help identify the environmental determinants of malaria transmission and their temporo-spatial evolution. Seventeen studies characterizing land cover or land use features, and relating them to malaria in the Amazon subregion, were identified. These were reviewed in order to improve the understanding of the land cover/use class roles in malaria transmission. The indicators affecting the transmission risk were summarized in terms of temporal components, landscape fragmentation and anthropic pressure. This review helps to define a framework for future studies aiming to characterize and monitor malaria

Serum ferritin is an independent risk factor for acute respiratory distress syndrome in COVID-19

Increased ferritin levels could be indicative of a strong inflammatory reaction in COVID-19 and recent studies suggest that increased levels of circulating ferritin levels play a critical role by contributing to the development of a cytokine storm. In this regard, ferritin evaluation could be an early, available and easy to use screening tool to assess the disease severity at the first admission in the emergency department. This test might be of crucial importance for the timely identification of patients at higher risk of an adverse outcome

Risk of Seven-Day Worsening and Death: A New Clinically Derived COVID-19 Score

This monocentric, retrospective, two-stage observational study aimed to recognize the risk factors for a poor outcome in patients hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection, and to develop and validate a risk score that identifies subjects at risk of worsening, death, or both. The data of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection during the first wave of the pandemic were collected and analyzed as a derivation cohort. Variables with predictive properties were used to construct a prognostic score, which was tried out on a validation cohort enrolled during the second wave. The derivation cohort included 494 patients; the median age was 62 and the overall fatality rate was 22.3%. In a multivariable analysis, age, oxygen saturation, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, C-reactive protein and lactate dehydrogenase were independent predictors of death and composed the score. A cutoff value of 3 demonstrated a sensitivity (Se), specificity (Sp), positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of 93.5%, 68.5%, 47.4% and 97.2% for death, and 84.9%, 84.5%, 79.6% and 87.9% for worsening, respectively. The validation cohort included 415 subjects. The score application showed a Se, Sp, PPV and NPV of 93.4%, 61.6%, 29.5% and 98.1% for death, and 81%, 76.3%, 72.1% and 84.1% for worsening, respectively. We propose a new clinical, easy and reliable score to predict the outcome in hospitalized SARS-CoV-2 patients

Resurrection of Anopheles goeldii from synonymy with Anopheles nuneztovari (Diptera, Culicidae) and a new record for Anopheles dunhami in the Brazilian Amazon

Nucleotide sequences of the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) rDNA and partial sequences of the cytochrome coxidase subunit I (COI) mtDNA and white gene nDNA were obtained from specimens of Anopheles nuneztovari A collected in Macapá (state of Amapá), Óbidos, Prainha and Almeirim (state of Pará), Itacoatiara and Parintins (state of Amazonas), Brazil, and compared with previously published sequences of A. nuneztovari s.l. Results of the Bayesian phylogenetic analyses performed using either COI or combined ITS2, COI and white gene sequences suggest that An. nuneztovari B/C is distinct from specimens obtained in the Amazonas/Solimões River basin. Anopheles goeldii, currently in synonymy with An. nuneztovari, was described from individuals collected in Belterra (= Fordlândia) in the Tapajós River, state of Pará, Southern Amazonas River. Morphological comparisons of the characteristics of the male genitalia indicated that An. nuneztovari A and An. goeldii are similar but distinct from An. nuneztovariB/C by the apex of the aedeagus. In considering the results of the phylogenetic analyses and morphological comparisons, An. goeldii is resurrected from synonymy with An. nuneztovari. Additionally, Anopheles dunhamiis reported for the first time in Parintins. This species can be distinguished from An. goeldiiby characters of the male genitalia and molecular dataFAPESP 05/53973-0, CNPq 472485/2006-

Novel molecular mechanisms involved in hormonal regulation of lactate production in Sertoli cells

The aim of the study was to analyze molecular mechanisms involved in follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and basic Fibroblast Growth Factor (bFGF) regulation of lactate production in rat Sertoli cells. The regulation of pyruvate availability, which is converted to lactate, could be a mechanism utilized by hormones to ensure lactate supply to germ cells. On one hand, the regulation of 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase (PFKFB) expression could result in increased glycolysis, while an increase in pyruvate availability may also result from a lower conversion to acetyl-CoA by negative regulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) activity by phosphorylation. Sertoli cells cultures obtained from 20-day-old rats were used. Stimulation of the cultures with FSH or bFGF showed that FSH increases Pfkfb1 and Pfkfb3 expression while bFGF increases Pfkfb1 mRNA levels. Additionally, we observed that FSH-stimulated lactate production was inhibited in the presence of a PFKFB3 inhibitor, revealing the physiological relevance of this mechanism. As for the regulation of PDC, analysis of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (Pdk) expression showed that FSH increases Pdk3 and decreases Pdk4 mRNA levels while bFGF increases the expression of all Pdks. In addition, we showed that bFGF increases phosphorylated PDC levels and that bFGF stimulated lactate production is partially inhibited in the presence of a PDK inhibitor. Altogether, these results add new information regarding novel molecular mechanisms involved in hormonal regulation of lactate production in Sertoli cells. Considering that lactate is essential for the production of energy in spermatocytes and spermatids, these mechanisms might be relevant in maintaining spermatogenesis and male fertility.Fil: Regueira, Mariana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas; ArgentinaFil: Artagaveytia, Silvana Lucía. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas; ArgentinaFil: Galardo, Maria Noel Lujan. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas; ArgentinaFil: Pellizzari, Eliana Herminia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas; ArgentinaFil: Cigorraga, Selva Beatriz. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas; ArgentinaFil: Meroni, Silvina Beatriz. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas; ArgentinaFil: Riera, Maria Fernanda. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas; Argentin