329 research outputs found
Process costing of microchip
The CMOS microchip is the workhorse of the semiconductor industry. An estimated price of a CMOS chip for an 8 wafer was stated as {dollar}1.65/chip (65). The manufacturing model was formed with practical processing times, number of machines, steps of manufacturing process, labor required, construction costs, land costs, etc as input parameters. This cost model attempts to analyze costs and calculate the cost per chip. Different sections of costs have been individually analyzed in turn to reflect their impact on the finished product. A simulation model has been run to reflect an actual semiconductor manufacturing scenario. Simulation model is also used to estimate labor required for the process.;The cost was calculated based on yield, number of chips/wafer and total expenditure by the fab. A simulation model was created in Arena 6.0 professional version, which allows the user to make changes to the model to reflect the changes in the fab. The calculated cost of the model for a CMOS chip was obtained as {dollar}0.75/chip
Preparation and storage behaviour of fish protein biscuits
This paper deals with the investigations carried out on the preparation and storage characteristics of protein enriched biscuits (sweet and salt), incorporated with partially de-odourised fish protein concentrate. The product contains more than 20% protein and has storage life exceeding 6 months at room temperature (21°C to 32°C), in 400 gauge polythene bags
A Study on Comparative Analysis of Major Stock Indices of World
Experts talk lots on integration of major stock indices of the world. In this research paper researcher has tried to establish integration between major stock indices of the world by calculating correlation and applying anova on daily return of 16 major stock indices of the world. In research it is found that preceding and succeeding time of opening the stock market plays vital roles in terms of effect on each other. To achieve the objectives of research, last 5 years daily closing price of these 16 indices is collected and analyzed for quantifying the level of correlation between different stock indices. As sufficient time period is taken and daily closing prices are analyzed so it is found there is not significant difference in the daily return of these stock indices
āŠļāŠūāŠŪāŠūāŠĻāŦāŠŊ āŠĩāŠŋāŠ§āŠūāŠ°āŦāŠĨāŦāŠāŠĻāŦ āŠĪāŦāŠēāŠĻāŠūāŠŪāŠū āŠŪāŦāŠ-āŠŽāŠ§āŠŋāŠ° āŠĩāŠŋāŠ§āŠūāŠ°āŦāŠĨāŦāŠāŠĻāŦāŠ āŠ āŠĻāŦāŠāŦāŠēāŠĻ, āŠļāŠŋāŠĶāŦāŠ§āŠŋ āŠŠāŦāŠ°āŦāŠ°āŠĢāŠū, āŠāŠŋāŠāŦāŠāŠūāŠļāŠū āŠ āŠĻāŦ āŠđāŠĪāŠūāŠķāŠūāŠĻāŦ āŠ āŠāŦāŠŊāŠūāŠļ
āŠļāŠŪāŠūāŠ āŠ
āŠĻāŦ āŠ°āŠūāŠ·āŦāŠāŦāŠ°āŠĻāŠūāŠ āŠāŠūāŠĩāŠŋ āŠĻāŠūāŠāŠ°āŠŋāŠāŦāŠĻāŦ āŠŪāŠđāŠĪāŦāŠĪāŦāŠĩāŠĻāŦ āŠĩāŠŋāŠāŠūāŠļ āŠķāŠūāŠģāŠūāŠāŠŪāŠūāŠ āŠĨāŠūāŠŊ āŠāŦ. āŠŪāŠĻāŦāŠĩāŦāŠāŦāŠāŠūāŠĻāŠŋāŠāŦāŠĻāŠū āŠŪāŠĪāŦ āŠŽāŠūāŠģāŠāŠĻāŠū āŠķāŠ°āŦāŠāŠĪāŠĻāŠūāŠ āŠĩāŠ°āŦāŠ·āŦ āŠĪāŦāŠĻāŠū āŠĩāŠŋāŠāŠūāŠļ āŠŪāŠūāŠāŦ āŠāŦāŠŽ āŠ āŠ
āŠāŠĪāŦāŠŊāŠĻāŠū āŠŠāŠūāŠŊāŠūāŠ°āŦāŠŠ āŠāŦ, āŠ
āŠĻāŦ āŠŽāŠūāŠģ āŠĩāŠŋāŠāŠūāŠļāŠĻāŠū āŠķāŦāŠ°āŦāŠ·āŦāŠ āŠĪāŠŽāŠāŦāŠāŠūāŠŪāŠūāŠ āŠķāŠŋāŠāŦāŠ·āŠ āŠĩāŠŋāŠĩāŠŋāŠ§ āŠŠāŦāŠ°āŠāŠūāŠ°āŠĻāŦ āŠāŦāŠŪāŠŋāŠāŠū āŠāŠāŠĩāŦ āŠāŦ. āŠđāŠēāŠĻ-āŠāŠēāŠĻ āŠŪāŠūāŠāŦ, āŠļāŠūāŠāŠāŠģāŠĩāŠū āŠŪāŠūāŠāŦ, āŠĩāŠŋāŠāŠūāŠ°āŠĩāŠū āŠŪāŠūāŠāŦ āŠĩāŠāŦāŠ°āŦ āŠāŠūāŠ°āŦāŠŊāŦ āŠŪāŠūāŠāŦ āŠāŦāŠĶāŠ°āŠĪāŦ āŠŪāŠūāŠĻāŠĩāŠĻāŦ āŠāŦāŠĶāŠū āŠāŦāŠĶāŠū āŠ
āŠĩāŠŊāŠĩāŦ āŠāŠŠāŦāŠŊāŠū āŠāŦ. āŠ āŠ
āŠĩāŠŊāŠĩāŦāŠŪāŠūāŠ āŠāŦāŠŊāŠūāŠ°āŦ āŠāŠūāŠŪāŦ āŠāŠĩāŦ āŠ
āŠĻāŦ āŠĪāŦāŠĨāŦ āŠķāŠūāŠ°āŦāŠ°āŠŋāŠ āŠāŦ āŠŪāŠūāŠĻāŠļāŠŋāŠ āŠāŠūāŠŪ āŠāŠ°āŠĩāŠūāŠĻāŦ āŠķāŠāŦāŠĪāŠŋ āŠĪāŠĶāŦāŠĻ āŠ
āŠāŠāŦ āŠāŠūāŠŊ āŠāŦ āŠāŠāŦ āŠĨāŠ āŠāŠūāŠŊ āŠĪāŦāŠĻāŦ āŠāŦāŠĶāŠ°āŠĪāŦ āŠāŦāŠ·āŠĪāŠŋ āŠŊāŦāŠāŦāŠĪ āŠŽāŠūāŠģāŠ āŠāŦ āŠĪāŦāŠŪ āŠāŠđāŦāŠ āŠāŦāŠ. āŠāŠ āŠļāŠŪāŠŊ āŠāŠĩāŦ āŠđāŠĪāŦ āŠāŦ āŠēāŦāŠāŦ āŠŪāŦāŠ-āŠŽāŠ§āŠŋāŠ° āŠŽāŠūāŠģāŠāŦ āŠĪāŠ°āŠŦ āŠĪāŦāŠāŦāŠāŠāŠūāŠ°āŠĨāŦ āŠāŦāŠĪāŠū. āŠĪāŦāŠĻāŦ āŠļāŠŪāŠūāŠ āŠŪāŠūāŠāŦ āŠāŠūāŠ° āŠ°āŦāŠŠ āŠāŠĢāŠĩāŠūāŠĻāŦ āŠŪāŠūāŠĻāŦāŠŊāŠĪāŠū āŠđāŠĪāŦ. āŠŪāŦāŠ-āŠŽāŠ§āŠŋāŠ°āŦāŠĻāŦ āŠŠāŦāŠĪāŠūāŠĻāŦ āŠķāŦāŠ· āŠāŦāŠ·āŠŪāŠĪāŠūāŠāŠĻāŦ āŠāŠŠāŠŊāŦāŠ āŠāŠ°āŠĩāŠūāŠĻāŦ āŠĪāŠ āŠŪāŠģāŠĪāŦ āŠĻ āŠđāŠĪāŦ. āŠđāŠĩāŦ āŠļāŠĶāŦāŠāŠūāŠāŦāŠŊāŦ āŠŠāŠ°āŠŋāŠļāŦāŠĨāŠŋāŠĪāŠŋ āŠāŠāŠāŠ āŠŽāŠĶāŠēāŠūāŠ āŠāŦ. āŠāŠāŠĪ āŠļāŠŪāŠāŠĪāŦāŠ āŠĨāŠŊāŦ āŠāŦ āŠāŦ āŠāŠ āŠŊāŠū āŠŽāŦ āŠ
āŠāŠāŦāŠĻāŦ āŠāŠūāŠŪāŦāŠĨāŦ āŠŪāŠūāŠĻāŠĩāŦ āŠŠāŦāŠĪāŠūāŠĻāŦ āŠŠāŦāŠ°āŦāŠĢ āŠāŦāŠ·āŠŪāŠĪāŠū āŠāŦāŠŪāŠūāŠĩāŦ āŠŽāŦāŠļāŠĪāŦ āŠĻāŠĨāŦ. āŠŪāŦāŠ-āŠŽāŠ§āŠŋāŠ° āŠĩāŦāŠŊāŠāŦāŠĪāŠŋ āŠŠāŠĢ āŠŠāŦāŠ°āŠāŠūāŠĩāŦ āŠāŦāŠĩāŠĻ āŠāŦāŠĩāŦ āŠķāŠāŦ āŠāŦ. āŠĪāŦāŠĻāŠūāŠŪāŠūāŠ āŠĪāŦāŠŪāŠĻāŦ āŠŊāŦāŠāŦāŠŊ āŠāŠĩāŦ āŠāŠūāŠŪ āŠāŠ°āŠĩāŠūāŠĻāŦ āŠķāŠāŦāŠĪāŠŋ āŠ°āŠđāŦāŠēāŦ āŠđāŦāŠŊ āŠāŦ. āŠļāŠūāŠŪāŠūāŠĻāŦāŠŊ āŠĩāŠŋāŠĶāŦāŠŊāŠūāŠ°āŦāŠĨāŦāŠāŠĻāŦ āŠĪāŦāŠēāŠĻāŠūāŠŪāŠūāŠ āŠŪāŦāŠ-āŠŽāŠ§āŠŋāŠ° āŠĩāŠŋāŠĶāŦāŠŊāŠūāŠ°āŦāŠĨāŦāŠāŠĻāŦ āŠāŦāŠāŠēāŦāŠ āŠķāŠūāŠ°āŦāŠ°āŠŋāŠ āŠāŠūāŠŪāŦ āŠđāŦāŠŊ āŠāŦ. āŠļāŠūāŠŪāŠūāŠĻāŦāŠŊ āŠĩāŠŋāŠĶāŦāŠŊāŠūāŠ°āŦāŠĨāŦāŠ āŠāŦ āŠŠāŦāŠ°āŠāŠūāŠ°āŠĻāŠūāŠ āŠŪāŠĻāŦāŠāŠūāŠĩāŦ āŠ
āŠĻāŦāŠāŠĩāŦ āŠāŦ āŠĪāŦ āŠĪāŠŪāŠūāŠŪ āŠŪāŠĻāŦāŠāŠūāŠĩ āŠāŦāŠĩāŠū āŠāŦ āŠāŠŪāŠū-āŠ
āŠĢāŠāŠŪāŠū āŠĩāŦāŠŊāŠāŦāŠĪ āŠāŠ°āŠĩāŠū, āŠŪāŠđāŦāŠĻāŠĪ āŠāŠ°āŦ āŠĩāŠŋāŠāŠūāŠļ āŠāŠ°āŠĩāŠūāŠĻāŦ āŠĪāŠŪāŠĻāŦāŠĻāŠū āŠļāŦāŠĩāŠĩāŦ āŠ
āŠĻāŦ āŠĪāŦ āŠļāŠūāŠĨāŦ āŠŠāŦāŠĪāŠūāŠĻāŦ āŠĩāŠŋāŠķāŠŋāŠ·āŦāŠ āŠāŠģāŠ āŠŠāŦāŠ°āŠļāŦāŠĨāŠūāŠŠāŠŋāŠĪ āŠāŠ°āŠĩāŦ āŠĩāŠāŦāŠ°āŦ āŠŪāŦāŠ-āŠŽāŠ§āŠŋāŠ° āŠĩāŠŋāŠĶāŦāŠŊāŠūāŠ°āŦāŠĨāŦāŠ āŠŠāŠĢ āŠ
āŠĻāŦāŠāŠĩāŦ āŠāŦ. āŠ
āŠēāŠŽāŠĪāŦāŠĪ āŠĪāŦāŠŪāŠĻāŦ āŠķāŠūāŠ°āŦāŠ°āŠŋāŠ āŠāŠūāŠŪāŦāŠāŠĻāŦ āŠ
āŠļāŠ° āŠĪāŦāŠŪāŠĻāŦ āŠķāŦāŠāŦāŠ·āŠĢāŠŋāŠ āŠŽāŠūāŠŽāŠĪāŦ āŠŠāŠ° āŠŠāŠĢ āŠŠāŠĄāŦ āŠāŦ. āŠĪāŦāŠŪāŠĻāŠū āŠĩāŦāŠŊāŠāŦāŠĪāŠŋāŠĪāŦāŠĩāŠĻāŠū āŠĩāŠŋāŠāŠūāŠļāŠĻāŦ āŠĪāŠ°āŠūāŠđ āŠŠāŠ° āŠķāŠūāŠ°āŦāŠ°āŠŋāŠ āŠāŦāŠ·āŠĪāŠŋāŠĻāŦ āŠŠāŦāŠ°āŠāŠūāŠĩ āŠŠāŠĄāŠĪāŦ āŠđāŦāŠŊ āŠāŦ. āŠķāŠŋāŠāŦāŠ·āŠĢ āŠāŠāŠĪāŠŪāŠūāŠ āŠāŠāŦ āŠŪāŠūāŠĻāŠļāŠŋāŠ āŠ
āŠĻāŦ āŠķāŠūāŠ°āŦāŠ°āŠŋāŠ āŠāŦāŠ·āŠĪāŠŋ āŠ§āŠ°āŠūāŠĩāŠĪāŠū āŠŽāŠūāŠģāŠāŦāŠĻāŠū āŠķāŠŋāŠāŦāŠ·āŠĢ āŠ
āŠāŠāŦāŠĻāŦāŠ āŠāŦāŠ·āŦāŠĪāŦāŠ° āŠļāŦāŠĻāŦāŠ āŠ§āŦāŠŊāŠūāŠĻ āŠāŦāŠāŠāŦ āŠ°āŠđāŦāŠŊāŦāŠ āŠāŦ āŠĪāŦāŠŪāŠĻāŦāŠ āŠāŦāŠĩāŠĻ āŠŪāŦāŠķāŦāŠāŦāŠēāŦāŠ āŠ°āŠđāŠŋāŠĪ āŠŽāŠĻāŦ āŠķāŠāŦ āŠĪāŦ āŠŪāŠūāŠāŦ āŠĪāŦāŠŪāŠĻāŦ āŠĩāŠŋāŠķāŠŋāŠ·āŦāŠ āŠŠāŦāŠ°āŠāŠūāŠ°āŠĻāŦāŠ āŠķāŠŋāŠāŦāŠ·āŠĢ āŠāŠŠāŠĩāŠūāŠŪāŠūāŠ āŠāŠĩāŦ āŠāŦ. āŠļāŠāŠķāŦāŠ§āŠ āŠŪāŠūāŠ§āŦāŠŊāŠŪāŠŋāŠ āŠķāŠūāŠģāŠūāŠŪāŠūāŠ āŠļāŦāŠĩāŠū āŠŽāŠāŠūāŠĩāŦ āŠāŦ. āŠļāŦāŠĩāŠū āŠāŠūāŠ°āŦāŠŊ āŠĶāŠ°āŠŪāŦāŠŊāŠūāŠĻ āŠļāŠāŠķāŦāŠ§āŠāŠĻāŠū āŠ§āŦāŠŊāŠūāŠĻ āŠŠāŠ° āŠāŠĩāŦāŠŊāŦāŠ āŠāŦ āŠķāŠūāŠģāŠūāŠŪāŠūāŠ āŠ
āŠāŦāŠŊāŠūāŠļāŠūāŠ°āŦāŠĨāŦ āŠāŠĩāŠĪāŠū āŠŽāŠūāŠģāŠāŦāŠĻāŦ āŠāŦāŠŪ āŠŪāŦāŠ-āŠŽāŠ§āŠŋāŠ° āŠŽāŠūāŠģāŠāŦ āŠŠāŠĢ āŠŠāŦāŠ°āŠāŠĪāŠŋ āŠāŠ°āŦ āŠķāŠāŦ āŠāŦ. āŠĪāŦāŠŪāŠĻāŠū āŠŪāŠĻāŦāŠāŠūāŠĩāŦ āŠļāŠūāŠŪāŠūāŠĻāŦāŠŊ āŠĩāŠŋāŠĶāŦāŠŊāŠūāŠ°āŦāŠĨāŦ āŠāŠ°āŠĪāŠū āŠāŦāŠĶāŠū āŠđāŦāŠŊ āŠāŦ āŠāŦāŠŪ ? āŠĪāŦ āŠŪāŠūāŠāŦ āŠļāŠāŠķāŦāŠ§āŠāŦ āŠļāŠūāŠŪāŠūāŠĻāŦāŠŊ āŠĩāŠŋāŠĶāŦāŠŊāŠūāŠ°āŦāŠĨāŦāŠ āŠ
āŠĻāŦ āŠŪāŦāŠ-āŠŽāŠ§āŠŋāŠ° āŠĩāŠŋāŠĶāŦāŠŊāŠūāŠ°āŦāŠĨāŦāŠāŠĻāŦ āŠĪāŦāŠēāŠĻāŠūāŠĪāŦāŠŪāŠ āŠ
āŠāŦāŠŊāŠūāŠļ āŠāŠ°āŠĩāŠūāŠĻāŦāŠ āŠĩāŠŋāŠāŠūāŠ°āŦ āŠŽāŠāŠĻāŦāŠĻāŦ āŠāŦāŠĨāŠĻāŠū āŠŽāŠūāŠģāŠāŦ āŠĩāŠāŦāŠāŦāŠĻāŠū āŠ
āŠāŠĪāŠ°āŠĻāŦ āŠāŠāŠūāŠĄāŦ āŠļāŦāŠĪāŦ āŠŽāŠĻāŠĩāŠū āŠŠāŦāŠ°āŠŊāŠūāŠļ āŠāŠ°āŠĩāŠū āŠŠāŦāŠ°āŠŊāŠĪāŦāŠĻ āŠāŠ°āŦāŠŊāŦ
Influence of Level 1 and Level 2 Automated Vehicles on Fatal Crashes and Fatal Crash Occurrence
Connected and automated vehicles (CAVs) are expected to improve safety by gradually reducing human decisions while driving. However, there are still questions on their effectiveness as we transition from almost 0% CAVs to 100% CAVs with different levels of vehicle autonomy. This research focuses on synthesizing literature and identifying risk factors influencing fatal crashes involving level 1 and level 2 CAVs in the United States. Fatal crashes involving level 0 vehiclesâones that are not connected and automatedâwere compared to minimize unobserved heterogeneity and randomness associated with the influencing risk factors. The research team used the fatal crash data for the years 2016 to 2019 for the analysis. A partial proportionality odds model is developed using crash, road, and vehicle characteristics as the independent variables and the fatal crash involving a vehicle with a specific level of automation as the dependent variable. The results of this research indicate that level 1 and level 2 CAVs are less likely to be involved in a fatal crash at four-way intersections, on two-way routes with wide medians, at nighttime, and in poor lighting conditions when compared to level 0 vehicles. However, they are more likely than level 0 vehicles to be involved in a fatal crash with pedestrians and bicyclists. Comparative analysis between vehicles with smart features and other vehicles indicated that pedestrian automatic emergency braking (PAEB) and lane-keeping assistance (LKA) improve the safety by reducing possible collision with a pedestrian and roadside departure, respectively. Contrarily, vehicles with other smart features are still highly likely to be involved in fatal crashes. This research adds to the growing body of literature that will identify potential areas for improvement in the safety of vehicular technologies and road geometry
Comparative Study of Seismic Analysis of Pier Supported on Pile as per IRC:6-2017 and IRC SP:114-2018
This paper depicts the study of seismic analysis of reinforced concrete bridge piers as per provisions of Indian Road Congress (IRC) guidelines. Bridges are designed having two main structural elements named â âSuperstructureâ and âSubstructureâ. Superstructure consists of deck and supporting girder/truss system below deck. Substructure includes Abutments, Piers, Portals and Foundations. Amongst these, Abutments/Piers are crucial part of bridge. Therefore, as per the seismic design philosophy, it is necessary to study the seismic behaviour of bridge piers. With the advancements in technology and subsequent researches in Infrastructure fields, IRC guidelines are updated and revised time-to-time. Introduction of IRC SP:114-2018 guideline for earthquake forces in bridges is an example of such developments. In this research, seismic analysis of Reinforced Cement Concrete (RCC) bridge pier is carried out as per provisions of prevailing guideline IRC:6-2017. Base shear value of IRC:6-2017 is compared with IRC SP:114-2018 which now supersedes seismic provisions of IRC:6-2017. For analysis, different span lengths of 25 m, 30 m and 36 m are used. To assess the impact of height of piers in earthquake analysis, various pier heights such as 10 m, 20 m and 30 m are assumed. The analysis is carried out as per Elastic Seismic Acceleration Method with consideration of different zones and importance of the bridge as per IRC guidelines. Effect of vertical ground motion is also considered in analysis. From analysis, it is observed that base shear and vertical forces have been increased remarkably as per IRC SP:114-2018 compared to IRC:6-2017
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