A Study on Police Accountability and Custodial Violence in India

The present study aims to critically analyse the cases of custodial violence in the nation and also crucially examine the reasons of custodial deaths in India. The study attempted to enrich the existing literature on “A Study on police accountability and custodial violence in India”. In the study, the custodial violence has been divided into three categories namely physical, sexual and psychological. Various reasons have been encountered for the custodial deaths such as suicide, death due to treatment in the hospital, injuries sustained prior to custody, physical assault by police, while escaping from custody, road accidents connected with the journey etc. The study gives various recommendations to improve the police administration and foster the need for reforms in the working of police officials

Physiotherapist’s Perspective to Importance of Pathophysiology of Supraspinatus Tendonitis in Proper Rehabilitation of Pain and Dysfunction

This article focuses on the physiotherapist perspective on the importance of pathophysiology of the Supraspinatus. Tendonitis is a very frequent cause of shoulder pain. The tendinopathy of supraspinatus most frequently affects people involved in various sports driven actions and above the head work in our daily living. It is thought to be caused by both intrinsic and extrinsic factors, but for simplification they were divided into Anatomical, Biomechanical, Vascularity, Activity related, Biochemical and Age-related factors. The following data-bases were searched for both published and unpublished studies in English language for the period of 1962 to 2022: PubMed, EMBRACE, MedLine, Web of Science, Scopus. The following terms were used to carry out the search: Shoulder, impingement, supraspinatus, pain, pathophysiology, physiotherapy implication, athletes, older adults. We conclude that it is important to have in-depth knowledge about these concepts of pathophysiology of pain in terms of all possible etiologies and the healing process which helps the physiotherapist to make wise decisions about the rehabilitation process

Abiotic Stress Management in Vegetable Crops

Vegetables are highly sensitive in nature thus affected by various biotic and abiotic stress. Any adverse effect of non-living elements on living things in a particular habitat is known as abiotic stress. The production and productivity of vegetable crops got highly effected by the extreme event of climate change i.e, heat stress, water stress, drought, heavy rainfall, salinity etc. Vegetables are full of various nutrients which help in lowering the risk of various diseases such as cancer, heart disease, blood pressure, diabetes etc. Most of the vegetables contain more than 90% of water thus highly sensitive to climate change. Sudden change in climatic factors like in temperature affects all stages of plant growth, pollination, flowering and fruiting which directly reduces the yields and quality of major vegetables. Vegetable crops like beans or tomatoes may lose some of their blossoms at such high temperatures, especially in dry or windy conditions, which will lead to a poor fruit set. High temperatures may harm sweet corn pollination and result in inadequately filled ears of corn. Few fruits are produced because cucurbits (the family that includes pumpkins and squash) typically develop mostly male flowers when temperatures are high

A Comparative Study of Intelligent Online e-Learning Systems

In recent decades there has been extremely rapid development in the area of Information Technology (IT), with different IT applications altering significantly as well. Online teaching and learning is one of the most popular IT applications. The primary objective of this essay is to examine and then compare the different e-learning designs. Some recommendations on the limits identified based on the analytical comparative analyses of these different designs have been offered as context of this research. This study highlights a number of research and design difficulties to enhance smart online learning systems to offer the cultural elements of online classrooms with a productive effect. The study also highlights the concerns that need to be addressed

Effectiveness of Distraction Technique on Pain Reduction After Administration Subcutaneous Injection Among Children in Immunization Rooms

Pain is described as "an unpleasant, subjective sensory and emotional experience associated with existing or potential tissue damage, or described in terms of such damage," according to the International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP). Suffering results from untreated or ineffectively treated pain. The method of administering medication subcutaneously, which is frequently done by nurses, is associated with discomfort, pain, and injury to the tissue that is being injected. The primary goal of the study was to determine whether using a distraction approach helped children in the immunisation rooms of particular hospitals in Gurugram feel less discomfort after receiving a subcutaneous injection. Materials and Methods: 60 children were chosen by the purposive selection strategy from the hospital Gurugram\u27s immunization rooms. The chosen individuals are then split into two equally sized groups. Results: In the assessment, the experimental group\u27s mean score on the pre-facing rating scale was 6.93, while the control group\u27s was 7.13, with an SD of 1.252. The experimental group\u27s mean score on the post-faces rating scale is 2.00, whereas the control group\u27s is 6.47, with a standard deviation of 1.548. Conclusion : The outcome demonstrates a movement in the sample\u27s level of pain (hurts worse, hurts a lot, hurts a little more, hurts even more, hurts a little, doesn\u27t hurt) in favour of the experimental group. When compared to the control group, it is because of the distraction strategy (an electronic moving toy)

Phrenic Nerve Impingement and Effect of Superficial Neck Flexors Stretching in Improving Diaphragmatic Function among Patient with Chronic Neck Pain

Background: The phrenic nerve is formed on the lateral border of scalenus anterior. It runs vertically downward on the anterior surface of the scalenus anterior. The muscle is oblique and nerve cross it obliquely from its lateral to medial border. In this part the nerve is related anteriorly sternocleidomastoid. The decline in the diaphragm function can occur due to phrenic nerve block but to the best of our search, there is dearth of literature pertaining to involvement of phrenic nerve in patient with chronic neck pain secondary to superficial neck flexors tightness. So, evaluation of these muscle for tightness may be considered which may affect the maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP). Objective: To find the change in diaphragmatic function secondary to phrenic nerve impingement measured through maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP) following stretching of superficial neck flexors in patient with chronic neck pain Methods: An experimental (pre-post design) study involving 40 subjects with mean (±SD) age 22.4 ± 2.8 years was performed. Using purposive sampling 40 subjects (77.5% female and 22.5% male) were used to check phrenic nerve impingement by looking at the effect of superficial neck flexors stretching (sternocleidomastoid and anterior scalene) in improving diaphragmatic function in patient with chronic neck pain. The included subject’s diaphragmatic function was measured through maximum inspiratory pressure using a device capsule sensing pressure gauge followed by stretching of superficial neck flexors on both sides. After two minutes of stretching diaphragmatic function was again measured. Results: There was increase in diaphragmatic function following stretching of superficial neck flexors by 13.2cm H2O which was found to be highly significant statistically with p value < 0.01 Conclusion: The result of present study concluded that superficial neck flexors stretching was effective in treating the impingement of phrenic nerve as measured through maximum inspiratory pressure in patients with chronic neck pain

Performance Enhancing Drugs and Methods of Doping: Mode of Action and Dope Testing Methodologies

World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) monitors each sport worldwide to ensure freedom from drug abuse. Abuse of Drugs or procedures specifically which are banned by WADA to artificially enhance the efficiency of sports-person is called DOPING.  The ban is imposed due to the side-effects of performance-enhancing drugs (PEDs), lack of fairness in sports, and the deterioration of sport for the public. The use of PEDs damaging the spirit of sport, and therefore banned, by WADA and the International Olympic Committee. Fair play is a prerequisite to promote clean and safe sports. Doping is the intentional use of banned PEDs by athletic competitors that may be overtly or covertly assisted by Athlete support personnel. Besides, athletes (or athletic programs) taking unambiguous actions to escape exposure make worse the fair disobedience with dishonesty and cheating. Immunoassay, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS), Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry (IRMS), Gel Electrophoresis, and Bio- /Chem-iluminescence technologies have been traditionally used in dope testing. There is a strong continuous requirement for further improving the quality of dope testing setups, processes, and procedures. Adoption of emerging technologies like metabolomics and the use of other omic technologies shall play a big role in continual improvements in dope testing. The present system in Doping Control is required to function in a more globally competitive, coordinated, and proactive manner. This review will outline a brief overview of the PEDs, their health impacts, history of their use, and their pharmacological impact. It also analyses comprehensive information on the Dope Testing Technologies available and in the offing

Language Choice among the Punjabi Sikh Community in Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia

When a minority group interacts and comes into contact with individuals from the dominant language, they tend to choose a commonly understood language. Language choice is forced to negotiate their own identity and cultural practices with their dominant culture. This can create a conflict, as in the case of the Punjabi community, who try to adopt new cultural norms and maintain their own identity when living in a dominant cultural group. With the growing number of Punjabis in Sabah, specifically in the capital city of Kota Kinabalu, East Malaysia, this situation presents an excellent case for advancing our knowledge about the challenges that the process of assimilation and enculturation may have on the Punjabi community living in a society which predominantly is of a different culture in Sabah. This study thus addresses the impact of social integration among a small population of the Punjabi Sikhs living in Kota Kinabalu. Data is collected using a questionnaire and interviews with several community members. The study draws implications on how a minority group adapts to the dominant culture and provides possible avenues for future research

A Study of Relationship to Absentees and Score Using Machine Learning Method: A Case Study of Linear Regression Analysis

Absenteeism from classrooms amongst students is an international problem that does not only affect Indian students. This research is focuses on absentees of student in class and score and has been carried out by using linear regression analysis. Linear regression analysis is one of excellent method of machine learning. The descriptive, student\u27s t-test, Pearson correlation, and regression models were used in this study\u27s statistical analysis. According to the results of this study, there are considerable variations between absentees and score  (t-test=-4.06075, p < 0.05). The study also discovered that absenteeism from class had a negative link with the score (r = -0.6088) . To investigate the impact of class absentees on student score, a regression model was created. This study will benefit both the college administration and the students by raising awareness of the disadvantages of not attending classes

Predictive Analytics: A study of its Advantages and Applications

The science of predictive analytics gives a line of future insight developed in the area of data analytics. Through predictive analytics, organizations or industries can identify the patterns within the data and make future forecasts on the basis of existing data and analytics techniques such as artificial intelligence, machine learning, pattern recognition. Machine Learning works on the idea of identifying the best suitable model for the data