957 research outputs found
The Comparative Growth of Goods and Services Prices
For several decades, the prices of services have been rising more rapidly than the prices of goods in Canada and the other major industrialized countries. In 2002, this gap between the growth rates of these two components of the consumer price index (CPI) widened considerably, leading researchers to ask if this was the beginning of a trend. Analysis reveals, however, that the gap is based on short-term dynamics and that it appears to be independent of the trend in the development of the overall price level. Evidence also shows that the gap is eventually reabsorbed. The authors examine a number of potential causes for the prices of services to rise faster than those of goods. These include the more rapid pace of productivity growth in the goods sector, the greater openness of goods to foreign trade, and stronger growth in the demand for services.
Intervalles de confiance pour une différence de deux proportions
L'intervalle de confiance le plus connu pour une diffĂ©rence de deux proportions est l'intervalle de Wald. Cet intervalle a l'avantage d'ĂȘtre simple Ă construire, mais il est anti-conservateur. Il existe plusieurs intervalles alternatifs Ă l'intervalle deWald qui performent beaucoup mieux. Dans ce mĂ©moire, on s'intĂ©ressera particuliĂšrement Ă l'intervalle d'Agresti-Coull et Ă l'intervalle bayĂ©sien approximatif. Ces intervalles performent trĂšs bien tout en Ă©tant simples Ă construire. On regardera d'abord la performance de ces intervalles lorsqu'on a deux Ă©chantillons indĂ©pendants de tailles fixĂ©es au dĂ©part. On regardera aussi leur performance lorsque le nombre d'observations dĂ©pend des vraies proportions, soit dans une expĂ©rience Ă Ă©tapes multiples, soit dans une expĂ©rience Ă allocations sĂ©quentielles ou un plan adaptatif est utilisĂ©
Regard de futurs enseignants sur lâimportance des compĂ©tences TIC (Internet) pour les jeunes et la responsabilitĂ© de divers intervenants Ă cet Ă©gard
Au 21e siĂšcle, les compĂ©tences « TIC » sont importantes pour lâintĂ©gration des individus Ă la sociĂ©tĂ© et la compĂ©titivitĂ© des nations. Plusieurs nations ont dâailleurs ajustĂ© leurs curriculums, attribuant cette responsabilitĂ© Ă lâĂ©cole. Mais quâen pensent les futurs enseignants? ConsidĂšrent-ils quâil revient Ă lâĂ©cole de prendre en charge le dĂ©veloppement de ces compĂ©tences? Ă cet Ă©gard, nous avons demandĂ© Ă 328 futurs enseignants suisses, français et quĂ©bĂ©cois de se positionner, Ă lâaide dâune Ă©chelle de Likert, quant Ă lâimportance de 21 compĂ©tences/connaissances TIC et de nous prĂ©ciser qui devrait, selon eux, ĂȘtre responsable de lâencadrement du dĂ©veloppement de chacune.In the 21st century, « ICT » skills are important for the integration of individuals into society and the competitiveness of nations. Several nations have adjusted their curricula, assigning this responsibility to the school. But what do pre-service teachers think? Do they believe it is for the school to support the development of these skills? In this regard, we asked 328 student teachers from Switzerland, France and Quebec to position themself about the importance of 21 ICT skills/knowledge using a Likert scale and tell us who should, according to themselves, be responsible for supervising the development of each
Prise de notes numériques au secondaire : comparaison de la qualité des notes numériques avec celle des notes manuscrites
La prise de notes est une activitĂ© complexe, mais trĂšs importante pour lâapprentissage. Câest la raison pour laquelle cette activitĂ© occupe une trĂšs grande place dans la classe : elle est utilisĂ©e presque tous les jours et dans plusieurs cours. La plus grande accessibilitĂ© des
technologies, comme lâiPad, offre maintenant aux Ă©lĂšves une nouvelle possibilitĂ© : prendre des notes numĂ©riques. Comment organiser la prise de notes avec une tablette ? Quels sont les effets de la tablette sur la prise de notes ? Dans la prĂ©sente recherche, la comparaison de notes
manuscrites et de notes numĂ©riques dâĂ©lĂšves de troisiĂšme secondaire dâune Ă©cole oĂč lâintĂ©gration du iPad sâĂ©tend Ă toutes les classes depuis 2014 a rĂ©vĂ©lĂ© certaines similitudes et diffĂ©rences. Ces derniĂšres ont trait Ă lâorganisation et au contenu des notes, Ă la qualitĂ© de la
langue et Ă lâutilisation de procĂ©dĂ©s linguistiques de rĂ©duction
Aider les apprenantes et les apprenants Ă prendre de meilleures notes
La prise de notes (PDN) est une compĂ©tence complexe et importante, car elle a notamment un impact sur la mĂ©morisation, et devrait ĂȘtre dĂ©ployĂ©e tĂŽt dans le parcours scolaire des apprenantes et des apprenants pour ĂȘtre maĂźtrisĂ©e. Ătant donnĂ© que ce nâest pas le cas, les apprenantes et les apprenants vivent bien des difficultĂ©s lors de leurs PDN. Lâarticle met en lumiĂšre les actions que les enseignantes et les enseignants peuvent poser pour faciliter la PDN afin de permettre aux apprenantes et aux apprenants de tirer des bienfaits de cette activitĂ© et ouvre sur une perspective didactique de la PDN
Alternative codon usage of PRRS virus ORF5 gene increases eucaryotic expression of GP5 glycoprotein and improves immune response in challenged pigs
Pigs exposed to GP5 protein of PRRSV by means of DNA immunization develop specific neutralizing and protecting antibodies. Herein, we
report on the consequences of codon bias, and on the favorable outcome of the systematic replacement of native codons of PRRSV ORF5 gene
with codons chosen to reflect more closely the codon preference of highly expressed mammalian genes. Therefore, a synthetic PRRSV ORF5
gene (synORF5) was constructed in which 134 nucleotide substitutions were made in comparison to wild-type gene (wtORF5), such that
59% (119) of wild-type codons were replaced with known preferable codons in mammalian cells. In vitro expression in mammalian cells of
synORF5 was considerably increased comparatively to wtORF5, following infection with tetracycline inducible replication-defective human
adenoviral vectors (hAdVs). After challenge inoculation, SPF pigs vaccinated twice with recombinant hAdV/synORF5 developed earlier and
higher antibody titers, including virus neutralizing antibodies to GP5 than pigs vaccinated with hAdV/wtORF5. Data obtained from animal
inoculation studies suggest direct correlation between expression levels of immunogenic structural viral proteins and immune response
Lhermitte's Sign Developing after IMRT for Head and Neck Cancer
Background. Lhermitte's sign (LS) is a benign form of myelopathy with neck flexion producing an unpleasant electric-shock sensation radiating down the extremities. Although rare, it can occur after head and neck radiotherapy. Results. We report a case of Lhermitte's developing after curative intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) for a patient with locoregionally advanced oropharyngeal cancer. IMRT delivers a conformal dose of radiation in head and neck cancer resulting in a gradient of radiation dose throughout the spinal cord. Using IMRT, more dose is delivered to the anterior spinal cord than the posterior cord. Conclusions. Lhermitte's sign can develop after IMRT for head and neck cancer. We propose an anterior spinal cord structure, the spinothalamic tract to be the target of IMRT-caused LS
La collaboration entre lâĂ©cole, la famille et la communautĂ© en milieu Ă risque : quels dĂ©fi s pour la formation initiale des enseignants du primaire?
Diverses expĂ©rimentations de stratĂ©gies de collaboration entre lâĂ©cole, la famille et la communautĂ© (CEFC) en milieu Ă risque (MR) font ressortir lâapport positif de cette collaboration sur la persĂ©vĂ©rance scolaire des Ă©lĂšves (Deslandes, 2006; Epstein, 2001; MELS, 2009). Trente-cinq stagiaires en enseignement ont effectuĂ© un stage en MR; vingt-cinq dâentre eux ont amorcĂ© un projet de CEFC. Lâanalyse de ces projets Ă partir de la typologie dâEpstein (2011) fait ressortir principalement deux types de collaboration, Ă savoir la communication et le volontariat. La collaboration avec la communautĂ© est prĂ©sente dans quelques projets des stagiaires, tandis que la prise de dĂ©cisions relatives Ă la vie scolaire par les parents, ne suscite aucune activitĂ©. La formation initiale devrait sensibiliser les futurs enseignants Ă la pertinence des six types de CEFC, entre autres, la connaissance par les parents de leur rĂŽle parental et les moyens de susciter le soutien scolaire Ă la maison
KELT-20b: A Giant Planet with a Period of P ~ 3.5 days Transiting the V ~ 7.6 Early A Star HD 185603
We report the discovery of KELT-20b, a hot Jupiter transiting a V ~ 7.6 early A star, HD 185603, with an orbital period of P â
3.47 days. Archival and follow-up photometry, Gaia parallax, radial velocities, Doppler tomography, and AO imaging were used to confirm the planetary nature of KELT-20b and characterize the system. From global modeling we infer that KELT-20 is a rapidly rotating (Îœ sin I* â 120 km s^(-1)) A2V star with an effective temperature of T_(eff) = 8730^(+250)_(-260) K, mass of, M* = ^(+0.14)_(-0.20) Mâ radius of, R* = 1.561^(+0.058)_(-0.064) Râ surface gravity of, log g* = 4.292^(+0.017)_(-0.020), and age of âŸ600 Myr. The planetary companion has a radius of R_P = 1.735^(+0.070)_(-0.075) R_J, a semimajor axis of a = 0.0542^(+0.0014)_(-0.0021) au, and a linear ephemeris of BJD_(TDB) = 2457503.120049 ± 0.000190 + E(3.4741070 ± 0.0000019). We place a 3Ï upper limit of ~3.5 M_J on the mass of the planet. Doppler tomographic measurements indicate that the planetary orbit normal is well aligned with the projected spin axis of the star (λ = 3.°4± 2.°1). The inclination of the star is constrained to 24.°4 < I* < 155.°6, implying a three-dimensional spinâorbit alignment of 1.°3 < Ï < 69.°8. KELT-20b receives an insolation flux of ~8 x 10^9 erg s^(-1) cm^(-2), implying an equilibrium temperature of of ~2250 K, assuming zero albedo and complete heat redistribution. Due to the high stellar T_(eff), KELT-20b also receives an ultraviolet (wavelength d â©œ 91.2 nm) insolation flux of ~9.1 x 10^4 erg s^(-1) cm^(-2), possibly indicating significant atmospheric ablation. Together with WASP-33, Kepler-13 A, HAT-P-57, KELT-17, and KELT-9, KELT-20 is the sixth A star host of a transiting giant planet, and the third-brightest host (in V) of a transiting planet
Plasticity in the antipredator behavior of the orange-footed sea cucumber under shifting hydrodynamic forces
Marine invertebrates that move too slowly to evade unfavorable environmental change may instead exhibit phenotypic plasticity, allowing them to adjust to varying conditions. The orange-footed sea cucumber Cucumaria frondosa is a slow-moving suspension feeder that is preyed on by the purple sunstar Solaster endeca. The sea cucumberâs antipredator behavior involves changing shape and detaching from the substratum, which might increase its probability of being displaced by water motion into an unsuitable environment. We hypothesized that sea cucumbersâ antipredator responses
would be diminished under stronger hydrodynamic forces, and that behavioral strategies would be
flexible so that individuals could adjust to frequent changes in water flows. In a natural orange-footed
sea cucumber habitat, individuals lived along a pronounced hydrodynamic gradient, allowing us to
measure antipredator behavior under different water flow strengths. We placed purple sunstars in physical contact with sea cucumbers living at various points along the gradient to elicit antipredator responses. We then repeated this procedure in a laboratory mesocosm that generated weak and strong hydrodynamic forces similar to those observed at the field site. Subjects in the mesocosm experiment were tested in both wave conditions to determine if their antipredator behavior would change in response to sudden environmental change, as would be experienced under deteriorating sea conditions.
Antipredator responses did not covary with hydrodynamic forces in the field. However, antipredator responses in the mesocosm experiment increased when individuals were transplanted from strong to weak forces and decreased when transplanted from weak to strong forces. Overall, our results indicate environmentally induced plasticity in the antipredator behavior of the orange-footed sea cucumber
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