Prevalencia y estado epidemiológico de embarazadas obesas del Hospital A. Llano de Corrientes durante el período enero 2014 - abril 2015

Según la Organización Mundial de la Salud, el número de obesos en el mundo para el 2015 sería de 700 millones. Más del 40% de las mujeres que cursan un embarazo se encuentran con sobrepeso u obesidad. La obesidad complica el 28% de los embarazos. Las pacientes con obesidad antes del embarazo tienen mayor riesgo de desarrollar diabetes, preeclampsia, macrosomía, muerte fetal, complicaciones en el parto y puerperio. En nuestro estudio se buscó conocer los valores que maneja una de las maternidades de la región, para comenzar a obtener una base de datos sobre nuestra población. Se realizó un estudio del tipo transversal. El universo está formado por todas las embarazadas que acudieron al servicio de maternidad del Hospital que culminaron su gestación durante Enero 2014-Abril 2015. Muestreo No-probabilístico de tipo intencional. Se analizaron 2913 historias clínicas perinatales, y se incluyeron 785 historias clínicas pertenecientes a embarazadas obesas. Nuestro análisis informo una prevalencia del 26,94% de embarazadas obesas. Las edades más frecuentes en nuestra población fueron entre 20 y 30 años. No se encontró una diferencia significativa entre la atención en salas periféricas y hospital, indicando la escasa participación en el control prenatal del primer nivel de atención. El 73,63% fueron embarazos controlados, demostrando una buena accesibilidad de las embarazadas para el control prenatal. Un 38,98% fue derivado del interior, lo cual podría indicar una falta de manejo en los partos. Lo destacable fue que un 66,75% presentaron patologías, demostrando relación entre obesidad y complicación en el embarazo. Palabras Clave: prevalencia, embarazo, obesidad, sobrepeso. According to the World Health Organization, the number of obese people in the world by 2015 would be 700 million. More than 40% of pregnant women who attend are overweight or obese. Obesity complicates 28% of pregnancies. Patients with obesity before pregnancy are at increased risk of developing diabetes, preeclampsia, macrosomia, fetal death, complications in childbirth and postpartum. In our study we sought to know the values which manage one of the maternity hospitals in the region to begin to get a database of our population. A study of the transversal type was performed. The universe consists of all pregnant women who attended the service Maternity Hospital during her pregnancy that ended in January 2014-April 2015 Non-probabilistic sampling intentional. 2913 perinatal medical records were analyzed, and medical records belonging to 785 obese pregnant women were included. Our analysis reported a prevalence of 26.94% of obese pregnant. The most common in our population ages were between 20 and 30 years. A significant difference between care in outlying wards and hospital was not found, indicating the low turnout at the first antenatal care level. The pregnancies were controlled 73.63%, demonstrating good accessibility for pregnant prenatal control. A 38.98% was derived from the interior, which could indicate a lack of management in childbirth. The remarkable thing was that 66.75% had pathologies, showing relationship between obesity and pregnancy complications. Keywords: prevalence, pregnancy, obesity, overweight. Segundo a organizacao mundial da saude, o numero de obesos no mundo para 2015 seria de 700 milhoes. Mais do que 40% das mulheres que cursam com uma gravidez se encontram com uma situacao de sobrepeso ou obesidade. A obesidade complica o 28% das gravidezes. A paciente com obesidade antes da gravidez tem maior perigo de desenvolver diabete, pré-eclámpsia, macrossomia, morte fetal, complicares no parto y no puerpério. No nosso estudo se buscou conhecer os valores que se lidam em uma das maternidades da regiao, para comecar a ter uma base de dados sobre as nossa populacao. O universo é formado por todas as gravidas que acudiram ao servico de maternidade do hospital que finalizaram sua gestacao durante janeiro 2014 abril 2015 uma amostragem nao provavilistico de tipo intencional. Analisaram-se 2913 historias clinicas perinatais, e se incluíram 785 historias clinicas pertencentes a gravidas obesas. Cáceres, Camila A. y Col. Rev. Fac. Med. UNNE XXXVI: 1, 18-24, 2016 Nosso analise informou uma prevaléncia do 26,94% de gravidas obesas. As idades mais frequentes na nossa populacao foram entre 20 e 30 anos. Nao se encontrou uma diferenca significativa entre a atencao em salas periféricas e hospitais, indicando a escassa participacao no controle pré-natal do primeiro nível de atencao. O 73,63% foram "gravideis" controlados, demostrando uma boa acessibilidade das gravidas para o controle pré- natal. Um 38,98% foi derivado do interior, o qual podia indicar uma falta habilidade dos partos. O destacável foi que um 66,75% apresentaram doencas, demostrando relacao entre obesidade e complicacoes na gravidez.

Tracers and impact of open burning of rice straw residues on PM in Eastern Spain

6 figures, 3 tables.-- © 2007. This manuscript version is made available under the CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 license https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/Biomass burning emissions of rice straw residues may be carried out near urban agglomerations and may present a potential health risk for the population. Thus, tracers of these emissions should be clearly identified. We present a detailed chemical characterisation, including inorganic and organic tracer species, of PM10 aerosol at a rural site located close to the urban agglomeration of Valencia (Eastern Spain) during the rice straw burning season in 2006. Our results show that open burning of rice field residues increased daily PM10 concentrations on a regional scale (approximately 17,400 ha) by 10-15 μg m-3 on average, with a maximum of 30 μg m-3 on peak episodic days. PM10 levels during open burning events were especially enriched in oxalate, fluoranthene, C31 n-alkane, levoglucosan, K, water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC), oleic acid, Cl-, Na, NO3 -, and V. High enrichments were also obtained for Zn, Pb, Cr, Cd, and Na, probably as a consequence of the bioaccumulation of trace metals in rice straw and the influence of sea spray and brackish waters on the crops. Anthropogenic contributions from lubricant oil residues, probably from agricultural machinery or nearby traffic emissions, were also detected in the levels of n-alkanes (C19). The high Carbon Preference Index (CPI; >3.5) obtained for n-alkanoic acids confirmed their mostly biogenic origin. Organic tracers were more sensitive than inorganic species to the influence of indirect (regional scale or long-range transported) biomass burning emissions. Source apportionment of the PM10 mass by means of PCA-MLRA showed that rice straw burning reached maximum contributions up to 40% of the PM10 mass during peak episodes.Meteorological data were collected from the flux tower located at the rice fields from CARBOEUROPE IP EU project. The sampling equipment and the site were provided by the DEVESA-ALBUFERA department (Valencia City Council) in the framework of their participation in the ECORICE LIFE project. [...]. The work at Ghent University was supported by the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office and the Research Foundation—Flanders (FWO)

Anesthesiology Consensus in the Management of the Airway

Os consensos na gestão clínica da via aérea em anestesiologia pretendem disponibilizar informação, baseada na evidência atual ou, na falta desta, na opinião de peritos, no que respeita à abordagem da via aérea difícil previsível ou não previsível. Reforçamos a importância da avaliação da via aérea e da identificação de potenciais problemas que possam condicionar dificuldade na sua abordagem e a adoção de uma estratégia segura que permita identificar e responder em crescendo de intervenção às dificuldades encontradas. Na impossibilidade de intubação traqueal (não intubo) otimizada e limitada a 4 tentativas, da impossibilidade de ventilar e oxigenar (não oxigeno) após 2 tentativas de usar um dispositivo supraglótico ou de uso de máscara facial inicialmente adequada é importante realizar, em tempo útil, uma cricotirotomia para assegurar oxigenação. As situações clínicas de exceção só com planos simples, conhecidos por todos e regularmente treinados e adaptados à nossa atividade clinica podem assegurar melhores “outcomes”. O registo destes eventos e a informação ao nosso doente da dificuldade encontrada e modo como foi resolvido o problema é essencial e constitui ainda um desafio a alargar a uma base nacional.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Molecular characterization of seven genes encoding ethylene-responsive transcriptional factors during plum fruit development and ripening

Seven ERF cDNAs were cloned from two Japanese plum (Prunus salicina L.) cultivars, ‘Early Golden’ (EG) and ‘Shiro’ (SH). Based on the sequence characterization, these Ps-ERFs could be classified into three of the four known ERF families. Their predicted amino acid sequences exhibited similarities to ERFs from other plant species. Functional nuclear localization signal analyses of two Ps-ERF proteins (Ps-ERF1a and -1b) were carried out using confocal microscopy. Expression analyses of Ps-ERF mRNAs were studied in the two plum cultivars in order to determine the role of this gene family in fruit development and ripening. The seven Ps-ERFs displayed differential expression pattern and levels throughout the various stages of flower and fruit development. The diversity in Ps-ERFs accumulation was largely due to the differences in their responses to the levels of ethylene production. However, other plant hormones such as cytokinin and auxin, which accumulate strongly throughout the various developmental stages, also influence the Ps-ERFs expression. The effect of the plant hormones, gibberellin, cytokinin, auxin, and ethylene in regulating the different Ps-ERF transcripts was investigated. A model was proposed in which the role played by the plant hormone auxin is as important as that of ethylene in initiating and determining the date and rate of ripening in Japanese plums

Three endo-β-mannanase genes expressed in the micropylar endosperm and in the radicle influence germination of Arabidopsis thaliana seeds

Mannans are hemicellulosic polysaccharides in the plant primary cell wall (CW). Mature seeds, specially their endosperm cells, have CWs rich in mannan-based polymers that confer a strong mechanical resistance for the radicle protrusion upon germination. The rupture of the seed coat and endosperm are two sequential events during the germination of Arabidopsis thaliana. Endo-β-mannanases (MAN; EC. 3.2.1.78) are hydrolytic enzymes that catalyze cleavage of β1 → 4 bonds in the mannan-polymer. In the genome of Arabidopsis, the endo-β-mannanase (MAN) family is represented by eight members. The expression of these eight MAN genes has been systematically explored in different organs of this plant and only four of them (AtMAN7, AtMAN6, AtMAN2 and AtMAN5) are expressed in the germinating seeds. Moreover, in situ hybridization analysis shows that their transcript accumulation is restricted to the micropylar endosperm and to the radicle and this expression disappears soon after radicle emergence. T-DNA insertion mutants in these genes (K.O. MAN7, K.O. MAN6, K.O. MAN5), except that corresponding to AtMAN2 (K.O. MAN2), germinate later than the wild type (Wt). K.O. MAN6 is the most affected in the germination time course with a t 50 almost double than that of the Wt. These data suggest that AtMAN7, AtMAN5 and specially AtMAN6 are important for the germination of A. thaliana seeds by facilitating the hydrolysis of the mannan-rich endosperm cell walls

Regulation of two germin-like protein genes during plum fruit development

Germin-like proteins (GLPs) have several proposed roles in plant development and defence. Two novel genes (Ps-GLP1 and 2) encoding germin-like protein were isolated from plum (Prunus salicina). Their regulation was studied throughout fruit development and during ripening of early and late cultivars. These two genes exhibited similar expression patterns throughout the various stages of fruit development excluding two important stages, pit hardening (S2) and fruit ripening (S4). During fruit development until the ripening phase, the accumulation of both Ps-GLPs is related to the evolution of auxin. However, during the S2 stage only Ps-GLP1 is induced and this could putatively be in a H2O2-dependent manner. On the other hand, the diversity in the Ps-GLPs accumulation profile during the ripening process seems to be putatively due to the variability of endogenous auxin levels among the two plum cultivars, which consequently change the levels of autocatalytic ethylene available for the fruit to co-ordinate ripening. The effect of auxin on stimulating ethylene production and in regulating Ps-GLPs transcripts was also investigated. These data, supported by their localization in the extracellular matrix, suggest that auxin is somehow involved in the regulation of both transcripts throughout fruit development and ripening

Intracellular directed evolution of proteins from combinatorial libraries based on conditional phage replication

Directed evolution is a powerful tool to improve the characteristics of biomolecules. Here we present a protocol for the intracellular evolution of proteins with distinct differences and advantages in comparison with established techniques. These include the ability to select for a particular function from a library of protein variants inside cells, minimizing undesired coevolution and propagation of nonfunctional library members, as well as allowing positive and negative selection logics using basally active promoters. A typical evolution experiment comprises the following stages: (i) preparation of a combinatorial M13 phagemid (PM) library expressing variants of the gene of interest (GOI) and preparation of the Escherichia coli host cells; (ii) multiple rounds of an intracellular selection process toward a desired activity; and (iii) the characterization of the evolved target proteins. The system has been developed for the selection of new orthogonal transcription factors (TFs) but is capable of evolving any gene—or gene circuit function—that can be linked to conditional M13 phage replication. Here we demonstrate our approach using as an example the directed evolution of the bacteriophage λ cI TF against two synthetic bidirectional promoters. The evolved TF variants enable simultaneous activation and repression against their engineered promoters and do not cross-react with the wild-type promoter, thus ensuring orthogonality. This protocol requires no special equipment, allowing synthetic biologists and general users to evolve improved biomolecules within ~7 weeks

Genes involved in ethylene and gibberellins metabolism are required for endosperm-limited germiantion of Sisymbrium officinales L. Seeds

The rupture of the seed coat and that of the endosperm were found to be two sequential events in the germination of Sisymbrium officinale L. seeds, and radicle protrusion did not occur exactly in the micropylar area but in the neighboring zone. The germination patterns were similar both in the presence of gibberellins (GA4+7) and in presence of ethrel. The analysis of genes involved in GAs synthesis and breakdown demonstrated that (1) SoGA2ox6 expression peaked just prior to radicle protrusion (20–22 h), while SoGA3ox2 and SoGA20ox2 expression was high at early imbibition (6 h) diminishing sharply thereafter; (2) the accumulation of SoGA20ox2 transcript was strongly inhibited by paclobutrazol (PB) as well as by inhibitors of ET synthesis and signaling (IESS) early after imbibition (6 h), while SoGA3ox2 and SoGA2ox6 expression was slowly depressed as germination progressed; (3) ethrel and GA4+7 positively or negatively affected expression of SoGA3ox2, SoGA20ox2, and SoGA2ox6, depending on the germination period studied. Regarding genes involved in ET synthesis, our results showed that SoACS7 was expressed, just prior to radicle emergence while SoACO2 expression slowly increased as germination progressed. Both genes were strongly inhibited by PB but were almost unaffected by externally added ethrel or GA4+7. These results suggest that GAs are more important than ET during the early stages of imbibition, while ET is more important at the late phases of germination of S. officinale L. seed

Pregled AC-DC i DC-DC pretvarača za primjene u LED rasvjeti

High-Brightness Light Emitting Diodes (HB-LEDs) are considered the future trend in lighting not only due to their high efficiency and high reliability, but also due to their other outstanding characteristics: chromatic variety, shock and vibration resistance, etc. Nevertheless, they need the development of new power supplies especially designed for boosting and taking advantage of their aforementioned characteristics. Besides, their behaviour is completely different from the rest of lighting devices and, consequently, it should be also taken into account in the design of the converters used to drive them. As a result, many well-known topologies have been optimized or redesigned in order to be used in LED–lighting applications and many new topologies have come up in the recent years with the same purpose. In this paper, the main HB-LED characteristics will be explained, highlighting how they influence the design of their power supplies. After, the main topologies will be presented from the simplest to the most complex ones, analysing their advantages and disadvantages.Svjetleće diode s visokom razinom svjetline (HB-LED) smatraju se budućim trendom u rasvjeti zahvaljujući ne samo visokom stupnju efikasnosti i pouzdanosti, nego i njihovim izvanrednim svojstvima: raznolikost boja, otpornost na udarce i vibracije i sl. Ipak, s ciljem potpunog iskorištenja prethodno spomenutih svojstava, potrebno je razviti nove, posebno osmišljene izvore napajanja. Osim toga, ponašanje im se posve razlikuje od ostalih tipova rasvjete što je potrebno uzeti u obzir pri projektiranju pretvarača za njihovo napajanje. Kao posljedica toga, mnoge su poznate topologije pretvarača optimirane ili preoblikovane posebno za primjenu u LED rasvjeti, a zadnjih nekoliko godina mnoge nove su se tek pojavile. U ovom članku objašnjena su osnovna HB-LED svojstva naglašavajući njihov utjecaj na razvoj izvora napajanja. Uz to, prikazane su osnovne topologije, od najjednostavnijih do najsloženijih, ujedno analizirajući prednosti i nedostatke pojedinih