The Changing Landscape for Stroke\ua0Prevention in AF: Findings From the GLORIA-AF Registry Phase 2

Background GLORIA-AF (Global Registry on Long-Term Oral Antithrombotic Treatment in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation) is a prospective, global registry program describing antithrombotic treatment patterns in patients with newly diagnosed nonvalvular atrial fibrillation at risk of stroke. Phase 2 began when dabigatran, the first non\u2013vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulant (NOAC), became available. Objectives This study sought to describe phase 2 baseline data and compare these with the pre-NOAC era collected during phase 1. Methods During phase 2, 15,641 consenting patients were enrolled (November 2011 to December 2014); 15,092 were eligible. This pre-specified cross-sectional analysis describes eligible patients\u2019 baseline characteristics. Atrial fibrillation disease characteristics, medical outcomes, and concomitant diseases and medications were collected. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results Of the total patients, 45.5% were female; median age was 71 (interquartile range: 64, 78) years. Patients were from Europe (47.1%), North America (22.5%), Asia (20.3%), Latin America (6.0%), and the Middle East/Africa (4.0%). Most had high stroke risk (CHA2DS2-VASc [Congestive heart failure, Hypertension, Age  6575 years, Diabetes mellitus, previous Stroke, Vascular disease, Age 65 to 74 years, Sex category] score  652; 86.1%); 13.9% had moderate risk (CHA2DS2-VASc = 1). Overall, 79.9% received oral anticoagulants, of whom 47.6% received NOAC and 32.3% vitamin K antagonists (VKA); 12.1% received antiplatelet agents; 7.8% received no antithrombotic treatment. For comparison, the proportion of phase 1 patients (of N = 1,063 all eligible) prescribed VKA was 32.8%, acetylsalicylic acid 41.7%, and no therapy 20.2%. In Europe in phase 2, treatment with NOAC was more common than VKA (52.3% and 37.8%, respectively); 6.0% of patients received antiplatelet treatment; and 3.8% received no antithrombotic treatment. In North America, 52.1%, 26.2%, and 14.0% of patients received NOAC, VKA, and antiplatelet drugs, respectively; 7.5% received no antithrombotic treatment. NOAC use was less common in Asia (27.7%), where 27.5% of patients received VKA, 25.0% antiplatelet drugs, and 19.8% no antithrombotic treatment. Conclusions The baseline data from GLORIA-AF phase 2 demonstrate that in newly diagnosed nonvalvular atrial fibrillation patients, NOAC have been highly adopted into practice, becoming more frequently prescribed than VKA in Europe and North America. Worldwide, however, a large proportion of patients remain undertreated, particularly in Asia and North America. (Global Registry on Long-Term Oral Antithrombotic Treatment in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation [GLORIA-AF]; NCT01468701

"Citizen Science"? Rethinking Science and Public Participation

Since the late twentieth century, “citizen science” has become an increasingly fashionable label for a growing number of participatory research activities. This paper situates the origins and rise of the term “citizen science” and offers a new framework to better understand the diversity of epistemic practices involved in these participatory projects. It contextualizes “citizen science” within the broader history of public participation in science and analyzes critically the current promises—democratization, education, discoveries—emerging within the “citizen science” discourse. Finally, it maps a number of historical, political, and social questions for future research in the critical studies of “citizen science.

"Citizen Science"? Rethinking Science and Public Participation

Since the late twentieth century, “citizen science” has become an increasingly fashionable label for a growing number of participatory research activities. This paper situates the origins and rise of the term “citizen science” and offers a new framework to better understand the diversity of epistemic practices involved in these participatory projects. It contextualises “citizen science” within the broader history of public participation in science and analyses critically the current promises — democratisation, education, discoveries — emerging within the “citizen science” discourse. Finally, it maps a number of historical, political, and social questions for future research in the critical studies of “citizen science”

“Citizen Science”? Rethinking Science and Public Participation

Since the late twentieth century,  “citizen science” has become an increasingly fashionable label for a growing number of participatory research activities. This paper situates the origins and rise of the term “citizen science” and contextualises “citizen science” within the broader history of public participation in science. It analyses critically the current promises — democratisation, education, discoveries — emerging within the “citizen science” discourse and offers a new framework to better understand the diversity of epistemic practices involved in these participatory projects. Finally, it maps a number of historical, political, and social questions for future research in the critical studies of “citizen science”

A database of potential paleoseismic evidence in Switzerland

ISSN:1383-4649ISSN:1573-157

O TRATAMENTO JURÍDICO DAS FAKE NEWS EM TEMPOS DE PANDEMIA

This article deals with technological advancement, the expansion of the Internet and social networks as exponent means of content propagation, notably fake content, because it addressed that fake news is more likely to be shared than true news. It was emphasized that amid the pandemic decreed, disinformation was enhanced by the sharing of news at the ready, in view of the eagerness to prove that information, as well as the vigorous need to raise profits in the face of this sharing of ideas. It has been established that civil liability exists for those who are victims of false news. However, given the need to create specific legislation to deal with the agenda in question, there is a bill stopped in the House of Representatives, number 2630, but is being vehemently criticized for injuring freedom of expression, which is constitutionally guaranteed. It is concluded that for the legal treatment of digital phenomena to be as effective as possible, it is necessary cooperation of the legal world with the technological world, with efforts stemming from legal and governmental institutions, technology companies and users, for new innovative solutions that complement existing and future legislation, such as the use of blockchain technology, with the creation of a decentralised network of news reviewers, enabling agility in which the news is reviewed, more complete feedback in a fail-safe and auditable manner. The qualitative and quantitative method was used to achieve the objectives achieved.O presente artigo trata acerca do avanço tecnológico, a expansão da internet e das redes sociais como meios exponentes de propagação de conteúdo, notadamente conteúdo falso, pois se abordou que notícias falsas têm mais chances de serem compartilhadas que notícias verdadeiras. Enfatizou-se que em meio a pandemia decretada, a desinformação foi potencializada pelo compartilhamento de notícias de pronto, tendo em vista a ânsia de se comprovar aquela informação, bem como a pujante necessidade de angariar lucros em face desse compartilhamento de ideias. Perfilhou-se que a responsabilidade civil existe de quem é vítima de notícias falsas. Todavia, ante a necessidade da criação de legislação específica para tratar da pauta em questão, existe um projeto de lei parado na Câmara dos Deputados, o nº 2630/20, porém está sendo veemente criticado por ferir a liberdade de expressão, que é constitucionalmente garantido. Conclui-se que para o tratamento jurídico dos fenômenos digitais ser o mais eficaz possível, é necessária cooperação do mundo legal com o mundo tecnológico, com esforços decorrentes das instituições legais e governamentais, das empresas de tecnologia e do usuário, para novas soluções inovadoras que complementam a legislação vigente e futura, como o uso da tecnologia  blockchain,  com a  criação de uma rede descentralizada de revisores de notícias, possibilitando agilidade em que a notícia é revisada, feedback mais completo de uma forma segura à prova de falhas e com possibilidade de auditoria. Para alcançar os objetivos alcançados se utilizou o método qualitativo e quantitativo

Ischemic stroke and dose adjustment of oral Factor Xa inhibitors in patients with atrial fibrillation

Background!#!Oral Factor Xa inhibitors for the prevention of stroke in atrial fibrillation require dose adjustment based on certain clinical criteria, but the off-label use of the reduced doses is common.!##!Methods!#!Data from an observational registry including patients admitted with acute cerebral ischemia while taking oral Factor Xa inhibitors for atrial fibrillation between April 2016 and December 2018 were investigated. The dose regimen of the Xa inhibitor was classified as 'appropriate', 'underdosed' and 'overdosed' in conformity with the European Medicines Agency labelling. The effect of underdosing on the functional factor Xa plasma level on admission, the clinical stroke severity and the functional outcome after 3 months were investigated.!##!Results!#!254 patients with cerebral ischemia while on Factor Xa inhibitors were included. The dose regimen of the Factor Xa inhibitor was appropriate in 166 patients (65%), underdosed in 67 patients (26%) and overdosed in 21 patients (8%). Underdosing was associated with female sex, diabetes mellitus and higher CHA!##!Conclusion!#!One in three patients with ischemic stroke during treatment with oral Xa inhibitors used inappropriate dose regimens. Underdosing was associated with lower functional plasma levels, higher clinical stroke severity and worse functional outcome