Spatio-Temporal Dynamics of Cholera during the First Year of the Epidemic in Haiti

International audienceBackground: In October 2010, cholera importation in Haiti triggered an epidemic that rapidly proved to be the world's largest epidemic of the seventh cholera pandemic. To establish effective control and elimination policies, strategies rely on the analysis of cholera dynamics. In this report, we describe the spatio-temporal dynamics of cholera and the associated environmental factors

Daily incidence rates (DIRs) and high-risk spatial clusters for each epidemic phase.

<p>Daily incidence rates (DIRs) and high-risk spatial clusters for each epidemic phase.</p

Mapping one year of cholera morbidity and mortality rates in Haiti.

<p>The colored scales represent yearly attack (a) and mortality (b) rates per 10,000 inhabitants in communes of Haiti (from October 16, 2010 to October 15, 2011).</p

Spectral analysis of time series.

<p>Analysis of cases (a), rainfall (b), and cross-wavelet (c) between cases and rainfall are presented. The Y-axes represent length of the wavelet analysis window (from 3 to 26 days) and the color scales represent the spectral values for each length of the analysis window.</p

Impact of local environmental factors during each epidemic phase.

<p>Standardized incidence ratios (p-values) were estimated using the multivariate regression model.</p>*<p>Factor excluded using stepwise analysis.</p>†<p>Significant factors (boldface).</p>‡<p>Non-significant factors kept using stepwise analysis.</p