3,909 research outputs found
DiagnĂłstico da pecuĂĄria leiteira no assentamento Fazenda Nova da Lagoa Grande em Dourados, MS.
bitstream/item/51924/1/Pubvet-Completo-V.-5-N.-30-Ed.-177-Art.-1078-ISSN-1982-1263-2011-Eder.pd
From Compact Discs to Streaming: A Comparison of Eras within the Brazilian Market
The music industry has undergone many changes in the last few decades, notably since vinyl, cassettes and compact discs faded away as streaming platforms took the world by storm. This Digital evolution has made huge volumes of data about music consumption available. Based on such data, we perform cross-era comparisons between Physical and Digital media within the music market in Brazil. First, we build artists' success time series to detect and characterize hot streak periods, defined as high-impact bursts that occur in sequence, in both eras. Then, we identify groups of artists with distinct success levels by applying a cluster analysis based on hot streaks' features. We find the same clusters for both Physical and Digital eras: Spike Hit Artists, Big Hit Artists, and Top Hit Artists. Our results reveal significant changes in the music industry dynamics over the years by identifying the core of each era
Impactos ecológicos e socioambientais da transição agroecológica para produção orgânica de leite em Sidrolândia-MS.
Resumo: Objetivou-se avaliar os Impactos EcolĂłgicos e Socioambientais da Transição AgroecolĂłgica para produção orgânica de Leite em Sidrolândia-MS pelo mĂŠtodo Ambitec de produção animal, desenvolvido pela Embrapa Meio Ambiente. Foram avaliadas oito unidades de produção familiar, no Assentamento Eldorado II, entre os anos de 2012 a 2014. O processo de transição agroecolĂłgica resultou num impacto socioambiental e ecolĂłgico positivo. O Ăndice de impacto geral mĂŠdio para o sistema convencional foi de ?=-0,55 e para o sistema orgânico foi de ?=3,82. As maiores contribuiçþes foram relacionadas aos efeitos positivos ecolĂłgicos dos seguintes indicadores que na produção orgânica apresentaram: ?Qualidade do solo? (?=4,69) e ?consumo de energia? (?=-1,00). Nos efeitos positivos socioambientais foram ?Bem estar e saĂşde animal? (?=13,69) e ?Dedicação e perfil do responsĂĄvel? (?=10,06). O percentual de incremento da tecnologia da transição para a produção orgânica foi de 14,55%. Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the ecological and socio-environmental impacts of transition to organic milk production in Sidrolândia-MS, using the method Ambitec of animal production, developed by Embrapa Meio Ambiente. Eight family production units were evaluated in the settlement Eldorado II, between the years from 2012 to 2014. The ecological transition process resulted in positive socio-environmental and ecological impact. The index of average overall impact to the conventional system was ?=0.55 and for the organic system was ?= 3.82. The major contributions were related to the positive effects of the ecological indicators in organic production presented: "soil quality" (?= 4.69) and "energy consumption" (?= -1.00). The positive socio-environmental effects were ?animal welfare? (?=13.69) and "Devotion and person responsible profile? (?= 10.06). The technology increase percentage of the transition to organic production was 14.55%.Edição do 1o. SeminĂĄrio de Agroecologia da AmĂŠrica do Sul; 5o. SeminĂĄrio de Agroecologia de Mato Grosso do Sul; 4o. Encontro de Produtores AgroecolĂłgicos de Mato Grosso do Sul; 1o. SeminĂĄrio de Sistemas Agroflorestais em Bases AgroecolĂłgicas de Mato Grosso do Sul - 19 a 21 de Novembro de 2014 - Dourados - MS
The importance of acoustic background modelling in CNN-based detection of the neotropical White-lored Spinetail (Aves, Passeriformes, Furnaridae)
Machine learning tools are widely used in support of bioacoustics studies, and there are numerous publications on the applicability of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to the automated presence-absence detection of species. However, the relation between the merit of acoustic background modelling and the recognition performance needs to be better understood. In this study, we investigated the influence of acoustic background substance on the performance of the acoustic detector of the White-lored Spinetail (Synallaxis albilora). Two detector designs were evaluated: the 152-layer ResNet with transfer learning and a purposely created CNN. We experimented with acoustic background representations trained with season-specific (dry, wet, and all-season) data and without explicit modelling to evaluate its influence on the detection performance. The detector permits monitoring of the diel behaviour and breeding time of White-lored Spinetail solely based on the changes in the vocal activity patterns. We report an advantageous performance when background modelling is used, precisely when trained with all-season data. The highest classification accuracy (84.5%) was observed for the purposely created CNN model. Our findings contribute to an improved understanding of the importance of acoustic background modelling, which is essential for increasing the performance of CNN-based species detectors.This work was supported by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de NĂvel Superior â Brazil (CAPES) under Grant [CAPES-01]; Instituto Nacional de CiĂŞncia e Tecnologia em Ăreas Ămidas (INAU/UFMT/CNPq); Centro de Pesquisa do Pantanal (CPP); and Brehm Funds for International Bird Conservation (BF), Germany
Growth Assessment of Native Tree Species from the Southwestern Brazilian Amazonia by Post-AD 1950 14C Analysis: Implications for Tropical Dendroclimatology Studies and Atmospheric 14C Reconstructions
Tree-ring width chronologies of cedro (Cedrela fissilis Vell.) (1875 to 2018), jatobĂĄ (Hymenaea courbaril L.) (1840 to 2018) and roxinho Peltogyne paniculata Benth.) (1910 to 2018) were developed by dendrochronological techniques in the southern Amazon Basin. Acceptable statistics for the tree-ring chronologies were obtained, and annual calendar dates were assigned. Due to the lack of long-term chronologies for use in paleoclimate reconstructions in degraded forest areas, dendrochronological dating was validated by14C analysis. Tree-rings selected for analysis corresponded to 1957, 1958, 1962, 1963, 1965, 1971, and 1972. Those are critical calendar years in which atmospheric14C changes were the highest, and therefore their tree-ring cellulose extracts14C signatures when in alignment with existing post-AD 1950 atmospheric14C atmospheric curves would indicate annual periodicity. Throughout our correlated calendar years and post-AD 195014C signatures, we indicate that H. courbaril shows an erratic sequence of wood ages. The other two tree species, C. fissilis and P. paniculata, are annual in nature and can be used successfully as paleoclimate proxies. Moreover, due to the sampling siteâs strategic location in relation to the Tropical Low-Pressure Belt over South America, these trees can be used to enhance the limited amount of observational data in Southern Hemisphere atmospheric14C calibration curves.Fil: Santos, Guaciara M.. University of California; Estados UnidosFil: Ortega Rodriguez, Daigard Ricardo. Universidade do Sao Paulo. Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz; BrasilFil: Barreto, Nathan de Oliveira. Universidade do Sao Paulo. Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz; BrasilFil: Assis Pereira, Gabriel. Universidade do Sao Paulo. Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz; BrasilFil: Barbosa, Ana Carolina. Universidad Federal de Lavras.; BrasilFil: Roig Junent, Fidel Alejandro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂŠcnicas. Centro CientĂfico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de NivologĂa, GlaciologĂa y Ciencias Ambientales. Provincia de Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de NivologĂa, GlaciologĂa y Ciencias Ambientales. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Instituto Argentino de NivologĂa, GlaciologĂa y Ciencias Ambientales; Argentina. Universidad Mayor; ChileFil: Tomazello Filho, MĂĄrio. Universidade do Sao Paulo. Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz; Brasi
Experimental Chemotherapy for Chagas Disease: A Morphological, Biochemical, and Proteomic Overview of Potential Trypanosoma cruzi Targets of Amidines Derivatives and Naphthoquinones
Chagas disease (CD), caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, affects approximately eight million individuals in Latin America and is emerging in nonendemic areas due to the globalisation of immigration and nonvectorial transmission routes. Although CD represents an important public health problem, resulting in high morbidity and considerable mortality rates, few investments have been allocated towards developing novel anti-T. cruzi agents. The available therapy for CD is based on two nitro derivatives (benznidazole (Bz) and nifurtimox (Nf)) developed more than four decades ago. Both are far from ideal due to substantial secondary side effects, limited efficacy against different parasite isolates, long-term therapy, and their well-known poor activity in the late chronic phase. These drawbacks justify the urgent need to identify better drugs to treat chagasic patients. Although several classes of natural and synthetic compounds have been reported to act in vitro and in vivo on T. cruzi, since the introduction of Bz and Nf, only a few drugs, such as allopurinol and a few sterol inhibitors, have moved to clinical trials. This reflects, at least in part, the absence of well-established universal protocols to screen and compare drug activity. In addition, a large number of in vitro studies have been conducted using only epimastigotes and trypomastigotes instead of evaluating compounds' activities against intracellular amastigotes, which are the reproductive forms in the vertebrate host and are thus an important determinant in the selection and identification of effective compounds for further in vivo analysis. In addition, due to pharmacokinetics and absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion characteristics, several compounds that were promising in vitro have not been as effective as Nf or Bz in animal models of T. cruzi infection. In the last two decades, our team has collaborated with different medicinal chemistry groups to develop preclinical studies for CD and investigate the in vitro and in vivo efficacy, toxicity, selectivity, and parasite targets of different classes of natural and synthetic compounds. Some of these results will be briefly presented, focusing primarily on diamidines and related compounds and naphthoquinone derivatives that showed the most promising efficacy against T. cruzi
Analysis of growth, yield and control of Cophes notaticeps and Polyphagotarsonemus latus in Jatropha curcas plants under different doses of silicon
The present study aims to evaluate the effects of Si on growth, yield and resistance of Jatropha curcas plants to Cophes notaticeps and Polyphagotarsonemus latus. The study was carried out in two consecutive years with J. curcas plants with 3 years old in 3x2 m spacing. The assays were set up with randomized complete block design with five concentrations (0, 10, 20, 40 and 80 mM L-1) and five replications. It was set up another experiment in a greenhouse following completely randomized factorial design 5x2 with five silicon concentrations (0, 10, 20, 40 and 80 mM L-1) and two water supply: daily irrigation with water volumes according to 50% and 100% of evapotranspiration, six replications and one plant per plot. The present study allows clarifying that J. curcas plants are non-accumulating plants, for accumulating less than 1% of silicon in the leaves. The low accumulation of silicon in the leaves did not significantly inferred in growth of J. curcas, however, the reduction of specific leaf area possibly occurred by the formation of a thin silica layer and reduced the yield by the decrease sunlight absorption. The silicon did not mitigated the damages by Cophes notaticeps and Polyphagotarsonemus latus by the low ability of the plant to accumulate silicon, however, is possible to affirm that the injuries severity by Cophes notaticeps is proportional to stem diameter
Climate change impacts of the UK Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office (FCDO) commercial agriculture portfolio
This report provides an initial, rapid assessment of a selection of programmes in the commercial agricultural portfolio of the Department for International Development of the United Kingdom (DfID) (now the Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Offices or FCDO) to demonstrate a range of interventions and their likely net greenhouse gas (GHG) emission impacts. Analysis of crop and livestock value chains in seven countries, representing over four million hectares, shows that the changes in farmersâ practices supported by DfIDâs bilateral investments in commercial agriculture significantly enhance crop and livestock production, while likely reducing net GHG emissions in the near term. The programme value chains increased average crop productivity by 1.0 ton per hectare per year (t ha-1 y-1), and reduced net GHG emissions by as much as 5.5 tCO2e ha-1 y-1 (cocoa agroforestry) compared to the start of the programme. Cereals demonstrated smaller annual changes, averaging a reduction of 0.80 tCO2e ha-1 y-1. Livestock productivity only increased slightly on average from 1.0 (goats) to 3.0 kg head-1 y-1 (beef cattle), with corresponding slight reductions in net GHG emissions from 0.001 (goats) to 0.01 (beef cattle) tCO2e head-1 y-1. Increases in emissions across the programmes are commonly due to increased use of nitrogen fertiliser and mechanisation. Reductions are commonly due to carbon sequestration in the soil as a result of manure addition, minimum tillage, crop rotation or reduced burning. These results are consistent with the increased use of inputs expected from market-driven agricultural intensification
Asparaginase induces selective dose- and time- dependent cytotoxicity, apoptosis, and reduction of NFĂÂşB expression in oral cancer cells
Asparaginase is fundamental to the treatment of haematological malignancies. However, little has been studied on the effects that asparaginase could exert on solid tumours. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of asparaginase on an oral carcinoma cell line. The cytotoxicity of asparaginase in SCC- 9 (tongue squamous cell carcinoma) and HaCaT (human keratinocyte) cell lines was evaluated with MTT cell viability assay. The cells were treated with asparaginase at 0.04, 0.16, 0.63, 1.0, 1.5, 2.5, and 5.0ĂÂ IU/mL. Dose- response curves and IC50 values were obtained and the Tumour Selectivity Index (TSI) was calculated. The effect of asparaginase on procaspase- 3 and nuclear factor ĂÂşB (NFĂÂşB) expression was evaluated with western blot because it was reported that the overexpression of NFĂÂşB has been shown to contribute to tumour cell survival, proliferation, and migration. Caspase 3/7 staining was performed to identify cell death using flow cytometry. Effective asparaginase concentrations were lower for SCC- 9 cells when compared to HaCaT cells. The cytotoxicity results at 48 and 72ĂÂ hours were significantly different for SCC- 9 cells. The TSI indicated that asparaginase was selective for the tumour cells. A decrease in procaspase- 3 and NFĂÂşB protein levels was observed in SCC- 9 cells. Furthermore, asparaginase resulted in significant apoptosis after 48 and 72ĂÂ hours. Based on these results, asparaginase was cytotoxic in a dose- and time- dependent manner, induces apoptosis, and reduces NFĂÂşB expression in oral cancer cells. These results encourage further studies on the effectiveness of this enzyme as a treatment for solid tumours, especially head and neck cancer.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/154950/1/cep13256.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/154950/2/cep13256_am.pd
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