The Anthropology of Guilt and Rapport: Moral Mutuality in Ethnographic Fieldwork

In this article, I use Clifford Geertz’s backhanded defense of Malinowski’s seeming emotional hypocrisy—his dislike of the natives whose point of view he wished to understand—to argue that while empathy or at least sympathy are integral components of the intimacies of fieldwork, they are also the catalyst for the darker and usually far less openly discussed emotions that are associated with these feelings—guilt, anger, and disgust—that are also at play in the fieldwork encounter. Indeed these sentiments, inevitably intersubjective in origin and expression, are intrinsic to the kind of knowledge we produce as ethnographers. I explore how these emotions emerge from or shape conversation in the field and then inflect subsequent analyses. I review encounters I have had with lauje of Sulawesi, Indonesia, and Manjaco of Guinea-Bissau, and museum professionals at Monticello where my interlocutors attempted to guide my research by enlisting my sympathy for their condition, and how such attempts to create fields of moral mutuality inflect in often unpredictable ways my understandings of social life in those places. My focus will be on how the fraught emotion of guilt emerges from and shapes the experience of moral mutuality in ethnographic encounters

Worldliness in Out of the Way Places

This paper looks at such youthful cosmopolitan aspirations among Manjaco of Guinea-Bissau and Lauje in Sulawesi. It is often argued that these attempts at worldliness reflect claims for equal rights of membership in an unequal global society. Yet, an aspiration to worldliness also entails their assertion that we are, or at least should be, like them. This paper suggests that Manjaco and Lauje might seem to want to look like us but they talk very differently about what they expect of us in a world we mutually make.Este artigo analisa as aspirações cosmopolitas dos jovens entre os Manjaco da Guiné-Bissau e os Lauje de Sulawesi. É repetidamente argumentado que estas tentativas de mundanismo reflectem a reivindicação pela igualdade de direitos de participação numa sociedade desigual global. Contudo, uma aspiração de mundanidade implica a asserção de também a afirmação de que nós somos, ou pelo menos deveríamos ser, como eles. Este artigo sugere que os Manjaco e os Lauje podem querer ser como nós mas falam de forma diferente sobre o que esperam de nós no mundo que fazemos em conjunto

A revision of Parhyalella Kunkel (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Gammaridea)

The genus Parhyalella Kunkel, sensu lato, is revised, based on a review of type material for all previously described species, and on new material….https://elischolar.library.yale.edu/peabody_museum_natural_history_bulletin/1045/thumbnail.jp

First report of a freshwater amphipod (Gammaridea: Hyalellidae), Hyalella azteca (Saussure), from nonanchihaline waters of Bermuda

The discovery of the freshwater amphipod H. azteca in Bermuda is reported. No freshwater amphipods have previously been recorded from open water pond habitats on this western Atlantic island. H. azteca in Bermuda presumably dispersed from nearby North American populations; several possible methods for dispersal are discussed. Distinctive morphological features of Bermuda H. azteca are compared with similar characters reported for other New World populations

Pariphinotus Kunkel, 1910, the senior synonym of Heterophlias Shoemaker, 1933 (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Phliantidae)

The synonymy of the genera Pariphinotus and Heterophlias has been debated many times in the literature. Historically a distinction has been maintained between these two phliantid genera because of morphological differences reported in the literature by the original descriptors and subsequent workers. Our examination of specimens of both genera demonstrates Pariphinotus and Heterophlias to be synonymous. Heterophlias has been regarded as the valid genus by most authors; Pariphinotus, however, is shown to be the senior synonym of Heterophlias

Inflammation, insulin resistance, and diabetes-mendelian randomization using CRP haplotypes points upstream

Background Raised C-reactive protein (CRP) is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes. According to the Mendelian randomization method, the association is likely to be causal if genetic variants that affect CRP level are associated with markers of diabetes development and diabetes. Our objective was to examine the nature of the association between CRP phenotype and diabetes development using CRP haplotypes as instrumental variables. Methods and Findings We genotyped three tagging SNPs (CRP + 2302G > A; CRP + 1444T > C; CRP + 4899T > G) in the CRP gene and measured serum CRP in 5,274 men and women at mean ages 49 and 61 y (Whitehall II Study). Homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) were measured at age 61 y. Diabetes was ascertained by glucose tolerance test and self-report. Common major haplotypes were strongly associated with serum CRP levels, but unrelated to obesity, blood pressure, and socioeconomic position, which may confound the association between CRP and diabetes risk. Serum CRP was associated with these potential confounding factors. After adjustment for age and sex, baseline serum CRP was associated with incident diabetes (hazard ratio = 1.39 [95% confidence interval 1.29-1.51], HOMA-IR, and HbA1c, but the associations were considerably attenuated on adjustment for potential confounding factors. In contrast, CRP haplotypes were not associated with HOMA-IR or HbA1c (p=0.52-0.92). The associations of CRP with HOMA-IR and HbA1c were all null when examined using instrumental variables analysis, with genetic variants as the instrument for serum CRP. Instrumental variables estimates differed from the directly observed associations (p=0.007-0.11). Pooled analysis of CRP haplotypes and diabetes in Whitehall II and Northwick Park Heart Study II produced null findings (p=0.25-0.88). Analyses based on the Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium (1,923 diabetes cases, 2,932 controls) using three SNPs in tight linkage disequilibrium with our tagging SNPs also demonstrated null associations. Conclusions Observed associations between serum CRP and insulin resistance, glycemia, and diabetes are likely to be noncausal. Inflammation may play a causal role via upstream effectors rather than the downstream marker CRP

What heritage does and does not do to identity: some answers from an ethnographic perspective

This paper explores how caretakers of slave-era heritage sites objectify and enact what Robert Bellah and his co-authors call "communities of memory" in a racially polarized United States and how the public interpret their efforts at creating what amounts to official history. It highlights the often-vexed encounter between those who are in charge of conveying public representations of slavery and race in the antebellum era in the United States and vernacular responses to such representations. It looks at Monticello, the home of Thomas Jefferson, which recently has made great efforts to make slaves prominent figures in the landscapes it reconstructs in on-site maps, tours, and literature. Of particular interest are the various ways that vernacular skepticism and cynicism about public portrayals continues to generate controversy at Monticello, and particularly at how the topic of erasure and invisibility remain enduring themes in the popular imagination of what public history is all about when such history focuses on slavery and race. By interrogating public skepticism about official portrayals of the past, the paper moves towards a performative approach to studying what heritage does to identity production rather than a representational approach. Among the identities that are produced at Monticello (and by extension other antebellum sites) are racial and oppositional identities.Este artigo explora a maneira com que administradores de sites sobre o patrimônio de uma era de escravidão objetivam e atuam como aquilo que foi chamado de "comunidades de memória" por Robert Bellah et al. em um Estados Unidos racialmente polarizado, bem como o modo com que o público interpreta os seus esforços de criar o que venha a ser a história oficial. Salienta-se o encontro muitas vezes controverso entre aqueles que estão encarregados de divulgar representações públicas de escravidão e de raça no período anterior à Guerra Civil nos Estados Unidos com as respostas correntes a tais representações. O presente estudo volta seu olhar para Monticello, cidade natal de Thomas Jefferson, que recentemente tem feito um grande esforço para tornar os escravos figuras preeminentes nas paisagens que a cidade reconstrói em mapas de sítios históricos, no turismo e na literatura. É especialmente interessante analisar as diversas maneiras com que o ceticismo e o cinismo correntes acerca de retratos públicos continua a gerar uma controvérsia em Monticello, e em particular o modo com que a rasura e a invisibilidade permanecendo sendo temas na imaginação popular do que seja a história pública quando tal história enfoca a escravidão e a raça. Questionando o ceticismo público sobre retratos oficiais feitos no passado, este artigo oferece uma abordagem que se filia à teoria da performance e não à das representações sociais; o artigo apresenta, assim, um estudo das conseqüências do patrimônio herança sobre a produção de identidade. Entre as identidades produzidas em Monticello (e por extensão em outros sítios do período anterior à Guerra Civil norte-americana) estão a identidade racial e as identidades em oposição