Numerical Investigation of Effective Heat Conductivity of Fluid in Charging Process of Thermal Storage Tank

This paper presents a numerical case study of heat transfer mechanisms during the charging process of a stratified thermal storage tank applied in a specific adsorption heat pump cycle. The effective thermal conductivity of the heat transfer fluid during the charging process is analyzed through CFD simulations using Unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations (URANS). The aim of the study is to provide an equivalent thermal conductivity for a one-dimensional storage tank model to be used in a system simulation of the complete adsorption heat pump cycle. The influence of the turbulent mixing and also the advection effect due to fluid bulk motion are investigated. The results show that in the case considered here, the turbulence effect on the effective thermal conductivity is more considerable than the advection effect

Studies on the Mechanism of Protection by Carotenoids Against Photodynamic Killing in Curtobacterium Flaccumfaciens Pathover Poinsettiae

The mechanism of protection by carotenoids against photodynamic killing in Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pathover poinsettiae (C. poinsettiae) was studied using pigment mutants isolated by treatment with nitrosoguanidine and DNA gyrase inhibitors. Growth rates, pigment composition, pigment levels and the ultrastructure of the wild-type streptomycin resistant strain of G. poinsettiae (wt-str) and all mutants were compared. One mutant, NTG-1, lacked colored carotenoids, and another, NTG-2, was a slow growing mutant containing low levels (14%) of wild-type carotenoid pigments. Except for NTG-1, the other pigment mutants had different proportions of the same pigments found in the wild type as determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Only NTG-2 was morphologically distinct at the ultrastructural level

a collaboration among refugee newcomers, migrants, activists and anthropologists in Berlin

In 2015, Germany entered what would later become known as the ‘refugee crisis’. The Willkommenskultur (welcoming culture) trope gained political prominence and met with signifi cant challenges. In this article, we focus on a series of encounters in Berlin, bringing together refugee newcomers, migrants, activists and anthropologists. As we thought and wrote together about shared experiences, we discovered the limitations of the normative assumptions of refugee work. One aim of this article is to destabilise terms such as refugee, refugee work, success and failure with our engagements in the aftermath of the ‘crisis’. Refugee work is not exclusively humanitarian aid directed towards the alleviation of suff ering but includes being and doing together. Through productive failures and emergent lessons, the collaboration enhanced our understandings of social categories and the role of anthropology

Prediction of Aerodynamic Coefficients of Road Vehicles on Bridge Deck with and without Wind Protection by Means of CFD for Crosswind Stability Investigations

While planning a new bridge construction the risk of traffic accidents due to critical wind conditions should be carefully considered. The determination of aerodynamic forces and moments on vehicles is indispensable for stability investigations. However, the aerodynamic coefficients of vehicle-bridge systems depend on many factors which make it difficult to generalise the procedure. This paper is focusing on analysing a particular bridge geometry whereby aerodynamic coefficients were predicted by means of CFD. The accuracy of the numerical model was validated with the aid of experimental data from wind tunnel tests. Specifically, this work was conducted to investigate the effect of the wind barrier considering various wind flow angles and vehicle speeds. Mean forces and moments on the vehicle were analysed depending on both absolute and relative wind flows. The impact of performing relative motion between vehicle and bridge deck was investigated. Simulation results without wind barrier are qualitatively in good agreement with results found in literature. Nevertheless, the flow situation with wind barrier and relative motion is significantly more complex. Thus, CFD modelling has dominating advantages over wind tunnel tests in terms of both parameter variation and model accuracy. In this particular case CFD modelling is indeed essential in order to represent all possible wind flow angles and the relative motion between the vehicle and the bridge deck which remains difficult or rather hardly possible to perform in the wind tunnel

Eutrophisation des eaux des retenues des barrages Smir et Sehla (maroc) : causes, conséquences et consignes de gestion

Au Maroc, plusieurs retenues de barrages connaissent des problèmes de la dégradation de leur qualité d'eau due essentiellement aux différentes sources de pollution. L'une des conséquences de cette situation est l'enrichissement de l'eau par les nutriments (N et P) indicateur d'un état avancé de l'eutrophisation. Ce phénomène provoque un déséquilibre de l'écosystème avec un développement anarchique d'algues et une consommation intense de l'oxygène au fond des lacs.La Direction de la Recherche et de la Planification de l'Eau a conduit depuis la fin des années 80 un programme de surveillance de la qualité des eaux des retenues de barrage dans le but de proposer des solutions pour réduire ses conséquences.Le présent travail consiste à présenter les résultats de l'eutrophisation des eaux de deux retenues de barrages : Smir située au Nord du Maroc qui sert à alimenter la zone côtière entre Tétouan et Sebta en eau potable, et Sahla située au Nord-Est du Maroc qui sert à alimenter la ville de Taounate en eau potable et protéger la grande retenue Al Wahda contre l'envasement et l'eutrophisation.Les résultats concernent l'exploitation des données physico-chimiques et biologiques selon un profil vertical de profondeur. Entre 1993 et 1998 pour Smir et entre 1996 et 1998 pour Sahla.Les paramètres physico-chimiques, transparence et phosphore total ne semblent pas être de bons descripteurs de la qualité des eaux de ces retenues se trouvant dans les zones semi-arides du fait de l'importance de la charge solide particulaire non bio-disponible pour le phytoplancton. Par contre la concentration en chlorophylle a semble être représentative du niveau trophique puisqu'elle donne une idée réelle du développement algale.Un état trophique des deux lacs réservoirs est dressé, et une comparaison de la qualité des eaux est faite en tenant compte des différentes mesures prises par le gestionnaire de la ressource en eau pour atténuer le phénomène de l'eutrophisation.In Morocco, many reservoirs have known water quality problems due to the different pollution sources to which they are subjected. One of the consequences of this situation is the enrichment of the water by nutrients (such as phosphorus and nitrogen), leading to eutrophication. This phenomenon causes ecological imbalance with an excessive development of algae and a high oxygen demand in the bottom of lakes.Since the end of the 1980s, the Directorate of Water Research and Planning has been conducting a water quality monitoring program in reservoirs to understand the eutrophication phenomenon and to suggest solutions in order to reduce its possible impacts.In this paper we present the results of a case study of eutrophication in two reservoir lakes: the Smir reservoir, located in northern Morocco with a capacity of approximately 43 million m3, and the Sahla reservoir, located in north-eastern Morocco with a capacity of approximately 62 millions m3. The Smir reservoir is used to supply potable water for the northern coastal region, whereas the Sahla reservoir supplies potable water to the city of Taounate and as well protects the reservoir Lake Al Wahda.The results comprise a data set for a special experimental water quality monitoring program intended to monitor the evolution of physical, chemical and biological parameters along a vertical profile at the deepest point of the reservoirs. Samples were collected from 1993 to 1998 for Smir, and from 1996 to 1998 for Sahla.The physical-chemical, transparency and total phosphorus parameters do not appear to reflect the trophic status for these reservoir lakes located in the hot regions of semiarid areas. Indeed the solid particles were not bio-available for phytoplankton. However the chlorophyll concentration appears to be representative and indicative of increases in algal growth. The trophic state of the two reservoir lakes was addressed and a comparison of water quality was carried out in relation to different considered measurements

Inter-annual tropical Pacific climate variability in an isotope-enabled CGCM: implications for interpreting coral stable oxygen isotope records of ENSO

Water isotope-enabled coupled atmosphere/ocean climate models allow for exploration of the relative contributions to coral stable oxygen isotope (δ<sup>18</sup>O<sub>coral</sub>) variability arising from Sea Surface Temperature (SST) and the isotopic composition of seawater (δ<sup>18</sup>O<sub>sw</sub>). The unforced behaviour of the isotope-enabled HadCM3 Coupled General Circulation Model affirms that the extent to which inter-annual δ<sup>18</sup>O<sub>sw</sub> variability contributes to that in model δ<sup>18</sup>O<sub>coral</sub> is strongly spatially dependent, ranging from being negligible in the eastern equatorial Pacific to accounting for 50% of δ<sup>18</sup>O<sub>coral</sub> variance in parts of the western Pacific. In these latter cases, a significant component of the inter-annual δ<sup>18</sup>O<sub>sw</sub> variability is correlated to that in SST, meaning that local calibrations of the effective local δ<sup>18</sup>O<sub>coral</sub>–SST relationships are likely to be essential. Furthermore, the relationship between δ<sup>18</sup>O<sub>sw</sub> and SST in the central and western equatorial Pacific is non-linear, such that the interpretation of model δ<sup>18</sup>O<sub>coral</sub> in the context of a linear dependence on SST alone may lead to overestimation (by up to 20%) of the SST anomalies associated with large El-Niño events. Intra-model evaluation of a salinity-based pseudo-coral approach shows that such an approach captures the first-order features of the model δ<sup>18</sup>O<sub>sw</sub> behaviour. However, the utility of the pseudo-corals is limited by the extent of spatial variability seen within the modelled slopes of the temporal salinity–δ<sup>18</sup>O<sub>sw</sub> relationship

Embedding massive flavor in ABJM

We add massive fundamental matter to the ABJM model by adding D6-branes wrapped asymptotically over RP3. We find two types of solutions at finite temperature, one that enters the black hole and one that ends before the black hole. We analyze the behavior of the free energy as a function of temperature, and find that the system exhibits a phase transition between the two types of solutions, similar to what happens in the D3-D7 system. We also analyze the meson spectrum in the model and find several massive scalar modes, again, quite like the D3-D7 system. We end with a calculation of the conductivities in the two phases.Comment: 26 pages, 6 figures; version published in JHE