11 research outputs found
Bianchi Attractors: A Classification of Extremal Black Brane Geometries
Extremal black branes are of interest because they correspond to the ground
states of field theories at finite charge density in gauge/gravity duality. The
geometry of such a brane need not be translationally invariant in the spatial
directions along which it extends. A less restrictive requirement is that of
homogeneity, which still allows points along the spatial directions to be
related to each other by symmetries. In this paper, we find large new classes
of homogeneous but anisotropic extremal black brane horizons, which could
naturally arise in gauge/gravity dual pairs. In 4+1 dimensional spacetime, we
show that such homogeneous black brane solutions are classified by the Bianchi
classification, which is well known in the study of cosmology, and fall into
nine classes. In a system of Einstein gravity with negative cosmological term
coupled to one or two massive Abelian gauge fields, we find solutions with an
additional scaling symmetry, which could correspond to the near-horizon
geometries of such extremal black branes. These solutions realize many of the
Bianchi classes. In one case, we construct the complete extremal solution which
asymptotes to AdS space.Comment: Minor changes and a reference added. 43 Pages, 6 Figure
Socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of re-presentation to an Australian inner-city emergency department: implications for service delivery
BACKGROUND: People who have complex health care needs frequently access emergency departments for treatment of acute illness and injury. In particular, evidence suggests that those who are homeless, or suffer mental illness, or have a history of substance misuse, are often repeat users of emergency departments. The aim of this study was to describe the socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of emergency department re-presentations. Re-presentation was defined as a return visit to the same emergency department within 28 days of discharge from hospital. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was conducted of emergency department presentations occurring over a 24-month period to an Australian inner-city hospital. Characteristics were examined for their influence on the binary outcome of re-presentation within 28 days of discharge using logistic regression with the variable patient fitted as a random effect. RESULTS: From 64,147 presentations to the emergency department the re-presentation rate was 18.0% (n = 11,559) of visits and 14.4% (5,894/40,942) of all patients. Median time to re-presentation was 6 days, with more than half occurring within one week of discharge (60.8%; n = 6,873), and more than three-quarters within two weeks (80.9%; n = 9,151). The odds of re-presentation increased three-fold for people who were homeless compared to those living in stable accommodation (adjusted OR 3.09; 95% CI, 2.83 to 3.36). Similarly, the odds of re-presentation were significantly higher for patients receiving a government pension compared to those who did not (adjusted OR 1.73; 95% CI, 1.63 to 1.84), patients who left part-way through treatment compared to those who completed treatment and were discharged home (adjusted OR 1.64; 95% CI, 1.36 to 1.99), and those discharged to a residential-care facility compared to those who were discharged home (adjusted OR 1.46: 95% CI, 1.03 to 2.06). CONCLUSION: Emergency department re-presentation rates cluster around one week after discharge and rapidly decrease thereafter. Housing status and being a recipient of a government pension are the most significant risk factors. Early identification and appropriate referrals for those patients who are at risk of emergency department re-presentation will assist in the development of targeted strategies to improve health service delivery to this vulnerable group
The A-B transition in superfluid helium-3 under confinement in a thin slab geometry
The influence of confinement on the topological phases of superfluid 3He is
studied using the torsional pendulum method. We focus on the phase transition
between the chiral A-phase and the time-reversal-invariant B-phase, motivated
by the prediction of a spatiallymodulated (stripe) phase at the A-B phase
boundary. We confine superfluid 3He to a single 1.08 {\mu}m thick nanofluidic
cavity incorporated into a high-precision torsion pendulum, and map the phase
diagram between 0.1 and 5.6 bar. We observe only small supercooling of the
A-phase, in comparison to bulk or when confined in aerogel. This has a
non-monotonic pressure dependence, suggesting that a new intrinsic B-phase
nucleation mechanism operates under confinement, mediated by the putative
stripe phase. Both the phase diagram and the relative superfluid fraction of
the A and B phases, show that strong coupling is present at all pressures, with
implications for the stability of the stripe phase.Comment: 6 figures, 1 table + supplemental informatio
International Consensus Statement on Rhinology and Allergy: Rhinosinusitis
Background: The 5 years since the publication of the first International Consensus Statement on Allergy and Rhinology: Rhinosinusitis (ICARâRS) has witnessed foundational progress in our understanding and treatment of rhinologic disease. These advances are reflected within the more than 40 new topics covered within the ICARâRSâ2021 as well as updates to the original 140 topics. This executive summary consolidates the evidenceâbased findings of the document. Methods: ICARâRS presents over 180 topics in the forms of evidenceâbased reviews with recommendations (EBRRs), evidenceâbased reviews, and literature reviews. The highest grade structured recommendations of the EBRR sections are summarized in this executive summary. Results: ICARâRSâ2021 covers 22 topics regarding the medical management of RS, which are grade A/B and are presented in the executive summary. Additionally, 4 topics regarding the surgical management of RS are grade A/B and are presented in the executive summary. Finally, a comprehensive evidenceâbased management algorithm is provided. Conclusion: This ICARâRSâ2021 executive summary provides a compilation of the evidenceâbased recommendations for medical and surgical treatment of the most common forms of RS
Human Microbiome: Composition and Role in Inflammatory Skin Diseases
This review focuses on recent evidences about human microbiome composition and functions, exploring the potential implication of its impairment in some diffuse and invalidating inflammatory skin diseases, such as atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, hidradenitis suppurativa and acne. We analysed current scientific literature, focusing on the current evidences about gut and skin microbiome composition and the complex dialogue between microbes and the host. Finally, we examined the consequences of this dialogue for health and skin diseases. This review highlights how human microbes interact with different anatomic niches modifying the state of immune activation, skin barrier status, microbe-host and microbe-microbe interactions. It also shows as most of the factors affecting gut and skin microorganisms' activity have demonstrated to be effective also in modulating chronic inflammatory skin diseases. More and more evidences demonstrate that human microbiome plays a key role in human health and diseases. It is to be expected that these new insights will translate into diagnostic, therapeutic and preventive measures in the context of personalized/precision medicine