The effects of streptozotocin-induced diabetes on ghrelin expression in rat testis: biochemical and immunohistochemical study

Introduction. Ghrelin is a hormone which has effects on the secretion of growth hormone, gastrointestinal system, cardiovascular system, cell proliferation and reproductive system. The present study we focused on the relation between ghrelin and GHS-R1a gene expression and the regulation of their expression in the testes of diabetic rats. Material and methods. 40 male Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups: control, and sampled 4, 8 and 12 weeks after induction of diabetes by streptozotocin (STZ) intraperitoneal injection (40 mg/kg). The rats were decapitated under ketamine anesthesia and their testes were removed. Blood was obtained from heart and serum follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and testosterone levels were measured by ELISA. Tissue ghrelin and GHS-R mRNA levels were determined by qRT-PCR, while ghrelin protein expression was studied by immunohistochemistry. Histopathological damage scores were also assessed. Results. Eight weeks after diabetes induction serum FSH level was increased, whereas LH and testosterone concentrations decreased. The ghrelin and GHS-R1a gene expression and ghrelin immunohistochemistry score first tended to increase after first four weeks of diabetes, and then tended to decrease. Ghrelin-immunopositive cells were detected in Leydig cells in all groups of rats, however, not in the germinal epithelium. Congestion of vessels and hemorrhage, formation of the vacuoles in spermatogonia and spermatocytes, desquamation of spermatids in the lumen and disorganization of seminiferous tubule germinal epithelium were observed in testis of all the diabetic rats. In addition, mean testicular biopsy score and mean seminiferous tubule diameter were getting lower in diabetic animals. Conclusion. Our results suggest that diabetes affects ghrelin expression in rat testis.

A validation of diagnostic score for molecular analysis of hereditary autoinflammatory syndromes with periodic fever in Turkish children

PubMe

La banque de Finlande, les banques privées et les établissements hypothécaires en 1912

Suomen virallinen tilasto (SVT

Investigation of ghrelin be protective for heart during diabetes

Ghrelin was isolated as an endogenous ligand for the GH secretagogue receptor from rat stomach. Ghrelin plays an important physiological role in insulin secretion, glucose metabolism, and cardiovascular system. In this study, the focus was on relative ghrelin expression in the heart of long-term diabetic rats. A total of 36 male Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups: control, 1-, 2-, and 3-month diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced with streptozotocin (STZ; 40 mg/kg i.p.). The rats were decapitated under ketamine anesthesia, and their heart tissues were removed. Tissue ghrelin expressions were then compared. After diabetes for 1 month, the expression of ghrelin observed similar to control rats. However, the ghrelin expression increased in 2 and 3-month diabetic rats compared to the control. In conclusion, increased ghrelin expressions in 2- and 3-month diabetic rats may be protecting them from diabetic cardiomyopathy

The Effects of Long-Term Diabetes on Ghrelin Expression in Rat Stomachs

Background. Ghrelin is a hormone which has effects on the secretion of growth hormone, the gastrointestinal system, the cardiovascular system, cell proliferation and the reproductive system

Nature-inspired Depolymerization of Soda Lignin by Light-induced Free Radical Promoted Cleavage Using Organic Photocatalyst

The development of sustainable valorization methods for lignin is a challenging task, because the vast majority of the reported methods require either harsh conditions or the use of expensive transition metal catalysts. Inspired from the natural-sunlight degradation of lignin, known as lignin yellowing, we report here the use of a commercially available cheap organic photocatalyst, namely, phenacyl bromide (PAB), for the efficient cleavage of lignin model compound 2-phenoxyacetophenone (2-PAP), and the depolymerization of soda pulped lignin (SL) under UV-A irradiation under ambient conditions. Real-time NMR investigations of the photoreaction between the model compound and PAB shed light on the possible reaction mechanisms involving different radical species, HBr, and molecular oxygen. Interestingly, combined spectral, chromatographic, powder X-ray diffraction and thermal studies of the photocatalytic reaction between PAB and SL indicated the formation of guaiacyl alcohol. The unprecedented catalytic performance of such a simple organic photocatalyst is attributed to the generation of phenacyl radicals, photolabile brominated species and HBr playing key roles in the cleavage of β-O-4 linkages. This study represents a new edge for lignin valorization under mild reaction conditions and offers the opportunity for large-scale environment-neutral production of valuable aromatics using technical lignins as feedstock

A rare etiology of acute abdominal syndrome in adults: Gastric volvulus – Cases series

INTRODUCTION: Gastric volvulus is a rare surgical emergency with a high mortality rate that requires urgent surgical management. PRESENTATION OF CASE: A 19-year-old male and 51-year-old female patient underwent emergency surgery with a prediagnosis of acute abdomen syndrome, and a 60-year-old female patient underwent elective surgery due to diaphragmatic hernia. Abdominal exploration revealed gastric volvulus together with perforation in received emergency surgery patients, and a mesenteroaxial gastric volvulus due to diaphragmatic defect in third patient. DISCUSSION: Gastric volvulus is classified into four subgroups depending on the mechanism of development, and organoaxial form is the most common type of gastric volvulus. The most challenging step in diagnosing gastric volvulus is the consideration of this diagnosis. CONCLUSION: Preoperative diagnosis is often difficult, and its management involves surgical correction of the pathology followed by institution of resuscitative treatment