23 research outputs found
Digestibilidade aparente de dietas práticas com diferentes relações energia:proteína em juvenis de pirarucu
The objective of this work was to determine the apparent digestibility of nutrients and energy of diets for pirarucu (Arapaima gigas) juveniles. Eight experimental diets containing four energy:protein ratios (11, 10.1, 9, 8 kcal digestible energy per gram of crude protein) and two non-protein energy sources (soybean oil and poultry fat) were tested in a 4x2 factorial scheme, in triplicates. Two hundred and forty pirarucu juveniles weighting 96.8±2.3 g were distributed in 24 cylindrical-conical fiberglass tanks, adapted for feces collection (modified Guelph system). Fish were fed twice a day to apparent satiation, with experimental diets containing 0.5% of chromium oxide as inert marker in order to determine the apparent digestibility coefficients. Diets containing an energy:protein ratio of 9 kcal digestible energy per gram of crude protein resulted in significantly lower apparent digestibility coefficient for dry matter, crude protein and non-nitrogenous extract. The highest apparent digestibility coefficients for crude fat was obtained with soybean oil. The dietary energy:protein ratio influences the nutrient and energy apparent digestibility coefficients to pirarucu juveniles
Global Retinoblastoma Presentation and Analysis by National Income Level
Importance: Early diagnosis of retinoblastoma, the most common intraocular cancer, can save both a child's life and vision. However, anecdotal evidence suggests that many children across the world are diagnosed late. To our knowledge, the clinical presentation of retinoblastoma has never been assessed on a global scale. Objectives: To report the retinoblastoma stage at diagnosis in patients across the world during a single year, to investigate associations between clinical variables and national income level, and to investigate risk factors for advanced disease at diagnosis. Design, Setting, and Participants: A total of 278 retinoblastoma treatment centers were recruited from June 2017 through December 2018 to participate in a cross-sectional analysis of treatment-naive patients with retinoblastoma who were diagnosed in 2017. Main Outcomes and Measures: Age at presentation, proportion of familial history of retinoblastoma, and tumor stage and metastasis. Results: The cohort included 4351 new patients from 153 countries; the median age at diagnosis was 30.5 (interquartile range, 18.3-45.9) months, and 1976 patients (45.4) were female. Most patients (n = 3685 84.7%) were from low-and middle-income countries (LMICs). Globally, the most common indication for referral was leukocoria (n = 2638 62.8%), followed by strabismus (n = 429 10.2%) and proptosis (n = 309 7.4%). Patients from high-income countries (HICs) were diagnosed at a median age of 14.1 months, with 656 of 666 (98.5%) patients having intraocular retinoblastoma and 2 (0.3%) having metastasis. Patients from low-income countries were diagnosed at a median age of 30.5 months, with 256 of 521 (49.1%) having extraocular retinoblastoma and 94 of 498 (18.9%) having metastasis. Lower national income level was associated with older presentation age, higher proportion of locally advanced disease and distant metastasis, and smaller proportion of familial history of retinoblastoma. Advanced disease at diagnosis was more common in LMICs even after adjusting for age (odds ratio for low-income countries vs upper-middle-income countries and HICs, 17.92 95% CI, 12.94-24.80, and for lower-middle-income countries vs upper-middle-income countries and HICs, 5.74 95% CI, 4.30-7.68). Conclusions and Relevance: This study is estimated to have included more than half of all new retinoblastoma cases worldwide in 2017. Children from LMICs, where the main global retinoblastoma burden lies, presented at an older age with more advanced disease and demonstrated a smaller proportion of familial history of retinoblastoma, likely because many do not reach a childbearing age. Given that retinoblastoma is curable, these data are concerning and mandate intervention at national and international levels. Further studies are needed to investigate factors, other than age at presentation, that may be associated with advanced disease in LMICs. © 2020 American Medical Association. All rights reserved
Influence of dietary protein level on ovarian recrudescence in Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.)
10.1016/S0044-8486(96)01441-XAquaculture1491-257-69AQCL
Effect of dietary protein level on spawning performance and amino acid composition of eggs of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus
10.1016/S0044-8486(96)01365-8Aquaculture1461-2121-134AQCL
Effect of dietary protein level on puberty, oocyte growth and egg chemical composition in the tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.)
Aquaculture1341-2169-183AQCL
Influence of dietary protein content on the distribution of amino acids in oocytes, serum and muscle of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.)
10.1016/S0044-8486(96)01526-8Aquaculture1521-4205-221AQCL
Influence of protein content of broodstock diets on larval quality and performance in Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.)
10.1016/S0044-8486(96)01380-4Aquaculture1463-4245-259AQCL
Interactions of varying dietary protein and lipid levels in young red tilapia: Evidence of protein sparing
Aquaculture953-4305-318AQCL
Changes in the fatty acid profiles of hybrid red tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus x O. niloticus, subjected to short-term starvation, and a comparison with changes in seawater raised fish
10.1016/S0044-8486(97)00038-0Aquaculture1533-4273-290AQCL
Changes in the fatty acid profile of the Australian shortfin eel in relation to development
10.1006/jfbi.1996.0366Journal of Fish Biology505992-998JFIB