6,939 research outputs found
A highly-ionized region surrounding SN Refsdal revealed by MUSE
Supernova (SN) Refsdal is the first multiply-imaged, highly-magnified, and
spatially-resolved SN ever observed. The SN exploded in a highly-magnified
spiral galaxy at z=1.49 behind the Frontier Fields Cluster MACS1149, and
provides a unique opportunity to study the environment of SNe at high z. We
exploit the time delay between multiple images to determine the properties of
the SN and its environment, before, during, and after the SN exploded. We use
the integral-field spectrograph MUSE on the VLT to simultaneously target all
observed and model-predicted positions of SN Refsdal. We find MgII emission at
all positions of SN Refsdal, accompanied by weak FeII* emission at two
positions. The measured ratios of [OII] to MgII emission of 10-20 indicate a
high degree of ionization with low metallicity. Because the same high degree of
ionization is found in all images, and our spatial resolution is too coarse to
resolve the region of influence of SN Refsdal, we conclude that this high
degree of ionization has been produced by previous SNe or a young and hot
stellar population. We find no variability of the [OII] line over a period of
57 days. This suggests that there is no variation in the [OII] luminosity of
the SN over this period, or that the SN has a small contribution to the
integrated [OII] emission over the scale resolved by our observations.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in A&
The final fate of spherical inhomogeneous dust collapse II: Initial data and causal structure of singularity
Further to results in [9], pointing out the role of initial density and
velocity distributions towards determining the final outcome of spherical dust
collapse, the causal structure of singularity is examined here in terms of
evolution of the apparent horizon. We also bring out several related features
which throw some useful light towards understanding the nature of this
singularity, including the behaviour of geodesic families coming out and some
aspects related to the stability of singularity.Comment: Latex file, uses epsf.sty, 15 pages and 3 eps figures. Paragraph on
role of smooth functions rewritten. Four references added. To appear in
Classical & Quantum Gravit
The story of supernova 'Refsdal' told by MUSE
We present MUSE observations in the core of the HFF galaxy cluster MACS
J1149.5+2223, where the first magnified and spatially-resolved multiple images
of SN 'Refsdal' at redshift 1.489 were detected. Thanks to a DDT program with
the VLT and the extraordinary efficiency of MUSE, we measure 117 secure
redshifts with just 4.8 hours of total integration time on a single target
pointing. We spectroscopically confirm 68 galaxy cluster members, with redshift
values ranging from 0.5272 to 0.5660, and 18 multiple images belonging to 7
background, lensed sources distributed in redshifts between 1.240 and 3.703.
Starting from the combination of our catalog with those obtained from extensive
spectroscopic and photometric campaigns using the HST, we select a sample of
300 (164 spectroscopic and 136 photometric) cluster members, within
approximately 500 kpc from the BCG, and a set of 88 reliable multiple images
associated to 10 different background source galaxies and 18 distinct knots in
the spiral galaxy hosting SN 'Refsdal'. We exploit this valuable information to
build 6 detailed strong lensing models, the best of which reproduces the
observed positions of the multiple images with a rms offset of only 0.26". We
use these models to quantify the statistical and systematic errors on the
predicted values of magnification and time delay of the next emerging image of
SN 'Refsdal'. We find that its peak luminosity should should occur between
March and June 2016, and should be approximately 20% fainter than the dimmest
(S4) of the previously detected images but above the detection limit of the
planned HST/WFC3 follow-up. We present our two-dimensional reconstruction of
the cluster mass density distribution and of the SN 'Refsdal' host galaxy
surface brightness distribution. We outline the roadmap towards even better
strong lensing models with a synergetic MUSE and HST effort.Comment: 21 pages, 9 figures, 6 tables; accepted for publication in the
Astrophysical Journal - extra information on data analysis added, all model
predictions and results unchange
The influence of the Lande -factor in the classical general relativistic description of atomic and subatomic systems
We study the electromagnetic and gravitational fields of the proton and
electron in terms of the Einstenian gravity via the introduction of an
arbitrary Lande -factor in the Kerr-Newman solution. We show that at length
scales of the order of the reduced Compton wavelength, corrections from
different values of the -factor are not negligible and discuss the presence
of general relativistic effects in highly ionized heavy atoms. On the other
hand, since at the Compton-wavelength scale the gravitational field becomes
spin dominated rather than mass dominated, we also point out the necessity of
including angular momentum as a source of corrections to Newtonian gravity in
the quantum description of gravity at this scale.Comment: 11 pages, 2 figure
How Efficient Is The Langacker-Pi Mechanism of Monopole Annihilation?
We investigate the dynamics of monopole annihilation by the Langacker-Pi
mechanism. We find taht considerations of causality, flux-tube energetics and
the friction from Aharonov-Bohm scatteering suggest that the monopole
annihilation is most efficient if electromagnetism is spontaneously broken at
the lowest temperature () consistent with not having
the monopoles dominate the energy density of the universe.Comment: 10 page
Quantum Radiation from Black Holes and Naked Singularities in Spherical Dust Collapse
A sufficiently massive collapsing star will end its life as a spacetime
singularity. The nature of the Hawking radiation emitted during collapse
depends critically on whether the star's boundary conditions are such as would
lead to the eventual formation of a black hole or, alternatively, to the
formation of a naked singularity. This latter possibility is not excluded by
the singularity theorems. We discuss the nature of the Hawking radiation
emitted in each case. We justify the use of Bogoliubov transforms in the
presence of a Cauchy horizon and show that if spacetime is assumed to terminate
at the Cauchy horizon, the resulting spectrum is thermal, but with a
temperature different from the Hawking temperature.Comment: PHYZZX macros, 27 pages, 3 figure
Toward a Midisuperspace Quantization of LeMaitre-Tolman-Bondi Collapse Models
LeMa\^\i tre-Tolman-Bondi models of spherical dust collapse have been used
and continue to be used extensively to study various stellar collapse
scenarios. It is by now well-known that these models lead to the formation of
black holes and naked singularities from regular initial data. The final
outcome of the collapse, particularly in the event of naked singularity
formation, depends very heavily on quantum effects during the final stages.
These quantum effects cannot generally be treated semi-classically as quantum
fluctuations of the gravitational field are expected to dominate before the
final state is reached. We present a canonical reduction of LeMa\^\i
tre-Tolman-Bondi space-times describing the marginally bound collapse of
inhomogeneous dust, in which the physical radius, , the proper time of the
collapsing dust, , and the mass function, , are the canonical
coordinates, , and on the phase space. Dirac's
constraint quantization leads to a simple functional (Wheeler-DeWitt) equation.
The equation is solved and the solution can be employed to study some of the
effects of quantum gravity during gravitational collapse with different initial
conditions.Comment: 9 pages, 1 figure, Latex file. Minor corrections made. A general
solution of the constraints is presented. Revised version to appear in Phys.
Rev.
INTERFERÊNCIA DA NUTRIÇÃO NA RESISTÊNCIA MECÂNICA DO CÓLON E COMPARAÇÃO ENTRE DUAS TÉCNICAS DE SUTURA PARA A SÍNTESE DE COLOTOMIA EM RATOS
Trinta ratos, linhagem Wistar, fêmeas, com peso inicial médio de 150 gramas,
foram divididos em seis grupos de cinco animais, sendo o grupo I - dieta controle (ração
comercial), grupo II - dieta controle + colotomia e síntese com sutura contínua simples;
grupo III - dieta controle + colotomia e síntese com sutura tipo Cushing, grupo IV - dieta não
balanceada, grupo V - dieta não balanceada + colotomia e síntese com sutura contínua
simples, grupo VI - dieta não balanceada + colotomia e síntese com sutura tipo Cushing. A
colotomia foi executada no cólon descendente e no quinto dia do pós-operatório os animais
foram sacrificados para estudo da tensão de ruptura, pelo método de explosão, nos cólons
transverso e descendente. A média do ganho de peso com a dieta não balanceada foi
aproximadamente a metade da controle. Não houve diferença estatística entre os tipos de
sutura, nem entre o estado nutricional e técnicas de sutura. Em geral, os valores da tensão
de ruptura no cólon transverso intacto e no cólon descendente dos animais operados (dieta
controle e não balanceada), foram inferiores ao dos não operados com dieta controle. O
epíplon dos ratos dos grupos V e VI apresentou-se menos volumoso e adelgaçado, o que
promoveu aderências graves de outros órgãos sobre a região da colotomia. Essas adesões
podem ter interferido na avaliação da tensão de ruptura do cólon descendente. Foi possível
concluir que o método de força de explosão não permitiu estabelecer diferenças entre os
padrões de sutura utilizados e o grau de nutrição.
Nutrition interference on mechanic resistance of colon and comparison of two suture
techniques for colotomy closure in rats
Abstract
Thirty female Wistar rats with initial average weight of 150 g, were divided in
six experimental groups as follows: group 1 - control diet (commercial rat food); group II -
control diet and colostomy with simple continuous suture; group III - control diet and
colostomy with Cushings pattern suture; group IV - unbalanced diet; group V - unbalanced
diet and colostomy with simple continuous suture; group VI - unbalanced diet and colostomy
with Cushings pattern suture. Colostomy was carried out in descending colon. At the fifth
day after surgery, the animals underwent euthanasia in order to measure the bursting
strength of the transverse and descending colon. The gain of weight in the unbalanced diet
was almost half of the control diet. here were no statistic differences between the sutures
patterns, neither in regard to the nutritional conditions and suture techniques. Generally,
the bursting strength values measured in both colons of the animals under either control
and unbalanced diets, that underwent surgery, were lower than the ones found for rats
under control diet that did not underwent surgery. The omentum of the rats from groups V
and VI was less voluminous and thin causing serious adhesions to other organs at the
colostomy area. These adherences might have interfered in the evaluation of the bursting
strength in the descending colon. According to the results found, it was possible to conclude
that evaluation of the bursting strength did not allow to establish differences between the
suture patterns and the nutritional conditions of the experimental animals
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